Establishment of experimental model of tracheomalacia in beagle dogs_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

LIU Wenhao ¹ , ZHENG Kaifu ¹ , WANG Lei ¹ , ZHANG Hao ¹ , JI Jinjie ² ,  LI Xiaofei ¹ ,  ZHAO Jinbo ¹

1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, P.R.China;
2. Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

LI Xiaofei, Email: lxfchest@fmmu.edu.cn; ZHAO Jinbo, Email: zhaojinbo@aliyun.com

Keywords：

Tracheomalacia; animal model; trachea cartilage removal

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201912077

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To establish a model of tracheomalacia in beagle dogs.Methods Six healthy male beagles were selected with a weight of 12-15 kg and age of 12-18 months. The dog was placed in supine position after being anesthetized. Then midline incision was performed on dogs' cervical skin and main trachea was dissected. Six continuous cartilage rings separated from the tracheal wall were removed. Finally, the endotracheal mucosal was examined and the wound was sutured layer by layer. Different degrees of cartilage were removed to simulate different degrees of tracheomalacia. The beagle dogs were classified into two groups (n=3 in each group): a mild tracheomalacia (MTM) group (part of the cartilage near the trachea membrane was retained) and a severe tracheomalacia (STM) group (cartilage was removed as much as possible).Results The dogs in the MTM group survived for a long time after the operation, showing symptoms of airway stenosis such as wheezing and coughing. The dogs were killed at postoperative week 2, and the pathological examination was performed. In the STM group, severe asphyxia occurred in the experimental animals after tracheal intubation removed, and all dogs died within 1 hour after surgery. Postoperative bronchoscopy revealed that the trachea of the MTM group dogs collapsed in the phase of inhalation, but it could maintain a certain patency. The trachea of the STM group dogs collapsed completely in the phase of inhalation. Postoperative X-ray showed that the diameter of the airway in the MTM group was reduced and trachea did not completely collapse. In the STM group, the trachea collapsed completely at the cartilage removed segment. Pathological examination showed that the cartilage in the MTM group was partially removed and tracheomalacia was obvious in the cartilage removed segment. In the STM group, most of the cartilage was removed with only few cartilages left.Conclusion The clinical symptoms of tracheomalacia in different degrees can be simulated and repeatable. Animal models can be established by controlling the degree of removal of tracheal cartilage ring in dogs. This method provides a simple, repeatable and standardized large animal model for the treatment and transformation of tracheomalacia.

Citation： LIU Wenhao, ZHENG Kaifu, WANG Lei, ZHANG Hao, JI Jinjie, LI Xiaofei, ZHAO Jinbo. Establishment of experimental model of tracheomalacia in beagle dogs. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2020, 27(7): 824-829. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201912077 Copy

1.	Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, et al. Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest, 2005, 127(3): 984-1005.
2.	Zopf DA, Flanagan CL, Wheeler M, et al. Treatment of severe porcine tracheomalacia with a 3-dimensionally printed, bioresorbable, external airway splint. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2014, 140(1): 66-71.
3.	Boogaard R, Huijsmans SH, Pijnenburg MW, et al. Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children: incidence and patient characteristics. Chest, 2005, 128(5): 3391-3397.
4.	段亮, 陈晓峰. 成人气管软化症. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2011, 34(5): 380-382.
5.	Murgu SD, Colt HG. Treatment of adult tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse: an update. Treat Respir Med, 2006, 5(2): 103-115.
6.	Ikeda S, Hanawa T, Konishi T, et al. Diagnosis, incidence, clinicopathology and surgical treatment of acquired tracheobronchomalacia. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi, 1992, 30(6): 1028-1035.
7.	Ernst A, Majid A, Feller-Kopman D, et al. Airway stabilization with silicone stents for treating adult tracheobronchomalacia: a prospective observational study. Chest, 2007, 132(2): 609-616.
8.	Morrison RJ, Hollister SJ, Niedner MF, et al. Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients. Sci Transl Med, 2015, 7(285): 285ra64.
9.	Dave S, Currie BG. The role of aortopexy in severe tracheomalacia. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(3): 533-537.
10.	戴丽娜, 蔡威, 施诚仁, 等. 新生儿气管软化症发病机制和对策. 临床儿科杂志, 2019, 37(4): 317-320.
11.	Li SF. The Westley croup score. Acad Emerg Med, 2003, 10(3): 289.
12.	Nalwa SS, Hartig GK, Warner T, et al. Evaluation of poly-L-lactic acid and polyglycolic acid resorbable stents for repair of tracheomalacia in a porcine model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2001, 110(11): 993-999.
13.	Shaha AR, Burnett C, DiMaio T, et al. An experimental model for the surgical correction of tracheomalacia. Am J Surg, 1991, 162(4): 417-420.
14.	Tsukada H, O'Donnell CR, Garland R, et al. A novel animal model for hyperdynamic airway collapse. Chest, 2010, 138(6): 1322-1326.
15.	Fischer AJ, Singh SB, Adam RJ, et al. Tracheomalacia is associated with lower FEV1 and Pseudomonas acquisition in children with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2014, 49(10): 960-970.

1. Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, et al. Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest, 2005, 127(3): 984-1005.
2. Zopf DA, Flanagan CL, Wheeler M, et al. Treatment of severe porcine tracheomalacia with a 3-dimensionally printed, bioresorbable, external airway splint. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2014, 140(1): 66-71.
3. Boogaard R, Huijsmans SH, Pijnenburg MW, et al. Tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children: incidence and patient characteristics. Chest, 2005, 128(5): 3391-3397.
4. 段亮, 陈晓峰. 成人气管软化症. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2011, 34(5): 380-382.
5. Murgu SD, Colt HG. Treatment of adult tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse: an update. Treat Respir Med, 2006, 5(2): 103-115.
6. Ikeda S, Hanawa T, Konishi T, et al. Diagnosis, incidence, clinicopathology and surgical treatment of acquired tracheobronchomalacia. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi, 1992, 30(6): 1028-1035.
7. Ernst A, Majid A, Feller-Kopman D, et al. Airway stabilization with silicone stents for treating adult tracheobronchomalacia: a prospective observational study. Chest, 2007, 132(2): 609-616.
8. Morrison RJ, Hollister SJ, Niedner MF, et al. Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients. Sci Transl Med, 2015, 7(285): 285ra64.
9. Dave S, Currie BG. The role of aortopexy in severe tracheomalacia. J Pediatr Surg, 2006, 41(3): 533-537.
10. 戴丽娜, 蔡威, 施诚仁, 等. 新生儿气管软化症发病机制和对策. 临床儿科杂志, 2019, 37(4): 317-320.
11. Li SF. The Westley croup score. Acad Emerg Med, 2003, 10(3): 289.
12. Nalwa SS, Hartig GK, Warner T, et al. Evaluation of poly-L-lactic acid and polyglycolic acid resorbable stents for repair of tracheomalacia in a porcine model. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 2001, 110(11): 993-999.
13. Shaha AR, Burnett C, DiMaio T, et al. An experimental model for the surgical correction of tracheomalacia. Am J Surg, 1991, 162(4): 417-420.
14. Tsukada H, O'Donnell CR, Garland R, et al. A novel animal model for hyperdynamic airway collapse. Chest, 2010, 138(6): 1322-1326.
15. Fischer AJ, Singh SB, Adam RJ, et al. Tracheomalacia is associated with lower FEV1 and Pseudomonas acquisition in children with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol, 2014, 49(10): 960-970.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Establishment of experimental model of tracheomalacia in beagle dogs

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Next Article

Format

Content