Research progress on the presurgical evaluation of giant left ventricle associated with valvular disease_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

NIU Hao ,  XIAO Zhenghua

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

XIAO Zhenghua, Email: xiaozhenghua@wchscu.cn

Keywords：

Giant left ventricle; myocardial fibrosis; circulating markers; echocardiography; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202003088

Video：

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Due to the abnormal structure and function of the cardiac valves, cardiac valve disease gradually appears the expansion of left ventricular inner diameter and volume. When the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and volume expand severely, it becomes a giant left ventricle. Surgical valve replacement is still one of the main treatment methods for this disease. The degree of postoperative ventricular recovery is closely related to perioperative mortality and long-term prognosis. However, the existing clinical preoperative assessment methods still cannot accurately predict the degree of postoperative left ventricular recovery and long-term prognosis of such patients, so it is difficult to determine the optimal operation timing and surgical methods for patients. Therefore, we reviewed the existing literature and discussed different evaluation methods of the giant left ventricle associated with valvular disease before surgery, so as to optimize the perioperative treatment of such patients, clarify the timing of surgery and improve the prognosis.

Citation： NIU Hao, XIAO Zhenghua. Research progress on the presurgical evaluation of giant left ventricle associated with valvular disease. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2021, 28(1): 116-121. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202003088 Copy

1.	Piek A, de Boer RA, Silljé HH. The fibrosis-cell death axis in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev, 2016, 21(2): 199-211.
2.	Gyöngyösi M, Winkler J, Ramos I, et al. Myocardial fibrosis: biomedical research from bench to bedside. Eur J Heart Fail, 2017, 19(2): 177-191.
3.	Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(22): 2438-2488.
4.	Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 70(2): 252-289.
5.	González A, Schelbert EB, Díez J, et al. Myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure: Biological and translational perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 71(15): 1696-1706.
6.	Bing R, Cavalcante JL, Everett RJ, et al. Imaging and impact of myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(2): 283-296.
7.	López B, González A, Ravassa S, et al. Circulating biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis: the need for a reappraisal. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015, 65(22): 2449-2456.
8.	de Boer RA, De Keulenaer G, Bauersachs J, et al. Towards better definition, quantification and treatment of fibrosis in heart failure. A scientific roadmap by the Committee of Translational Research of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail, 2019, 21(3): 272-285.
9.	Galat A, Guellich A, Bodez D, et al. Causes and consequences of cardiac fibrosis in patients referred for surgical aortic valve replacement. ESC Heart Fail, 2019, 6(4): 649-657.
10.	de Boer RA, Daniels LB, Maisel AS, et al. State of the art: Newer biomarkers in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015, 17(6): 559-569.
11.	Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2005, 18(12): 1440-1463.
12.	Gibson PH, Becher H, Choy JB. Classification of left ventricular size: diameter or volume with contrast echocardiography? Open Heart, 2014, 1(1): e000147.
13.	Fukunaga N, Pinto Ribeiro RV, Lafreniere-Roula M, et al. Left ventricular size and outcomes in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 20%. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
14.	Han D, Zhang Y, Xue DM, et al. Valve replacement for valvular heart disease with giant left ventricle. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015, 19(16): 3001-3005.
15.	Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2019, 40(40): 3297-3317.
16.	Yang LT, Michelena HI, Scott CG, et al. Outcomes in chronic hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation and limitations of current guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(14): 1741-1752.
17.	Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2015, 28(1): 1-39.
18.	Donal E, Thebault C, O'Connor K, et al. Impact of aortic stenosis on longitudinal myocardial deformation during exercise. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011, 12(3): 235-241.
19.	Truong VT, Phan HT, Pham KNP, et al. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2019, 32(12): 1586-1597.
20.	Sun L, Feng H, Ni L, et al. Realization of fully automated quantification of left ventricular volumes and systolic function using transthoracic 3D echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound, 2018, 16(1): 2.
21.	Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2014, 129(23): e521-e643.
22.	Podlesnikar T, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess myocardial fibrosis in valvular heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2018, 34(1): 97-112.
23.	Azevedo CF, Nigri M, Higuchi ML, et al. Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis quantification by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010, 56(4): 278-287.
24.	Taylor AJ, Salerno M, Dharmakumar R, et al. T1 mapping: basic techniques and clinical applications. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2016, 9(1): 67-81.
25.	Robinson AA, Chow K, Salerno M. Myocardial T1 and ECV measurement: Underlying concepts and technical considerations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(11 Pt 2): 2332-2344.
26.	Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2017, 19(1): 75.
27.	Gottbrecht M, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Native T1 and extracellular volume measurements by cardiac MRI in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Radiology, 2019, 290(2): 317-326.
28.	De Meester C, Boileau L, Roy C, et al. The role of fibrosis on the postoperative LV function in severe aortic regurgitation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis Suppl, 2018, 10(2): 218.
29.	Rommel KP, von Roeder M, Latuscynski K, et al. Extracellular volume fraction for characterization of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67(15): 1815-1825.
30.	Protti A, Lavin B, Dong X, et al. Assessment of myocardial remodeling using an Elastin/Tropoelastin specific agent with high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(8): e001851.
31.	Ibrahim el-SH. Myocardial tagging by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: evolution of techniques--pulse sequences, analysis algorithms, and applications. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2011, 13(1): 36.
32.	Shehata ML, Cheng S, Osman NF, et al. Myocardial tissue tagging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2009, 11(1): 55.
33.	Pedrizzetti G, Claus P, Kilner PJ, et al. Principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking and echocardiographic speckle tracking for informed clinical use. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2016, 18(1): 51.
34.	Scatteia A, Baritussio A, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Strain imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance. Heart Fail Rev, 2017, 22(4): 465-476.
35.	Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 72(24): 3158-3176.

1. Piek A, de Boer RA, Silljé HH. The fibrosis-cell death axis in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev, 2016, 21(2): 199-211.
2. Gyöngyösi M, Winkler J, Ramos I, et al. Myocardial fibrosis: biomedical research from bench to bedside. Eur J Heart Fail, 2017, 19(2): 177-191.
3. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63(22): 2438-2488.
4. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2017, 70(2): 252-289.
5. González A, Schelbert EB, Díez J, et al. Myocardial interstitial fibrosis in heart failure: Biological and translational perspectives. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 71(15): 1696-1706.
6. Bing R, Cavalcante JL, Everett RJ, et al. Imaging and impact of myocardial fibrosis in aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(2): 283-296.
7. López B, González A, Ravassa S, et al. Circulating biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis: the need for a reappraisal. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2015, 65(22): 2449-2456.
8. de Boer RA, De Keulenaer G, Bauersachs J, et al. Towards better definition, quantification and treatment of fibrosis in heart failure. A scientific roadmap by the Committee of Translational Research of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail, 2019, 21(3): 272-285.
9. Galat A, Guellich A, Bodez D, et al. Causes and consequences of cardiac fibrosis in patients referred for surgical aortic valve replacement. ESC Heart Fail, 2019, 6(4): 649-657.
10. de Boer RA, Daniels LB, Maisel AS, et al. State of the art: Newer biomarkers in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail, 2015, 17(6): 559-569.
11. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2005, 18(12): 1440-1463.
12. Gibson PH, Becher H, Choy JB. Classification of left ventricular size: diameter or volume with contrast echocardiography? Open Heart, 2014, 1(1): e000147.
13. Fukunaga N, Pinto Ribeiro RV, Lafreniere-Roula M, et al. Left ventricular size and outcomes in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 20%. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020. [Epub ahead of print].
14. Han D, Zhang Y, Xue DM, et al. Valve replacement for valvular heart disease with giant left ventricle. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015, 19(16): 3001-3005.
15. Pieske B, Tschöpe C, de Boer RA, et al. How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: The HFA-PEFF diagnostic algorithm: A consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J, 2019, 40(40): 3297-3317.
16. Yang LT, Michelena HI, Scott CG, et al. Outcomes in chronic hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation and limitations of current guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(14): 1741-1752.
17. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2015, 28(1): 1-39.
18. Donal E, Thebault C, O'Connor K, et al. Impact of aortic stenosis on longitudinal myocardial deformation during exercise. Eur J Echocardiogr, 2011, 12(3): 235-241.
19. Truong VT, Phan HT, Pham KNP, et al. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 2019, 32(12): 1586-1597.
20. Sun L, Feng H, Ni L, et al. Realization of fully automated quantification of left ventricular volumes and systolic function using transthoracic 3D echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound, 2018, 16(1): 2.
21. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 2014, 129(23): e521-e643.
22. Podlesnikar T, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess myocardial fibrosis in valvular heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging, 2018, 34(1): 97-112.
23. Azevedo CF, Nigri M, Higuchi ML, et al. Prognostic significance of myocardial fibrosis quantification by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2010, 56(4): 278-287.
24. Taylor AJ, Salerno M, Dharmakumar R, et al. T1 mapping: basic techniques and clinical applications. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2016, 9(1): 67-81.
25. Robinson AA, Chow K, Salerno M. Myocardial T1 and ECV measurement: Underlying concepts and technical considerations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 2019, 12(11 Pt 2): 2332-2344.
26. Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2017, 19(1): 75.
27. Gottbrecht M, Kramer CM, Salerno M. Native T1 and extracellular volume measurements by cardiac MRI in healthy adults: A meta-analysis. Radiology, 2019, 290(2): 317-326.
28. De Meester C, Boileau L, Roy C, et al. The role of fibrosis on the postoperative LV function in severe aortic regurgitation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis Suppl, 2018, 10(2): 218.
29. Rommel KP, von Roeder M, Latuscynski K, et al. Extracellular volume fraction for characterization of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2016, 67(15): 1815-1825.
30. Protti A, Lavin B, Dong X, et al. Assessment of myocardial remodeling using an Elastin/Tropoelastin specific agent with high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(8): e001851.
31. Ibrahim el-SH. Myocardial tagging by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: evolution of techniques--pulse sequences, analysis algorithms, and applications. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2011, 13(1): 36.
32. Shehata ML, Cheng S, Osman NF, et al. Myocardial tissue tagging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2009, 11(1): 55.
33. Pedrizzetti G, Claus P, Kilner PJ, et al. Principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking and echocardiographic speckle tracking for informed clinical use. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 2016, 18(1): 51.
34. Scatteia A, Baritussio A, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Strain imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance. Heart Fail Rev, 2017, 22(4): 465-476.
35. Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018, 72(24): 3158-3176.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Research progress on the presurgical evaluation of giant left ventricle associated with valvular disease

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