Research progress on long-term outcomes of endoscopic surgery for esophageal diseases_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

CHEN Lin , ZHANG Yuhang , GUO Linjie ,  HU Bing

Digestive Endoscopy Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

HU Bing, Email: hubingnj@163.com

Keywords：

Esophageal diseases; endoscopic therapy; follow-up; treatment; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202003150

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Esophageal diseases include esophageal malignant diseases and benign diseases, with a high incidence in our country. Along with the development of the endoscopic technique, many of them which required medical treatment or surgery in the past can now be cured by endoscopic surgery. This article is an overview of long-term follow-up of endoscopic surgery for the common esophageal disease, such as early squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal stricture, achalasia and submucosal tumor of the esophagus.

Citation： CHEN Lin, ZHANG Yuhang, GUO Linjie, HU Bing. Research progress on long-term outcomes of endoscopic surgery for esophageal diseases. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2021, 28(2): 243-248. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202003150 Copy

1.	中华医学会消化内镜学分会消化系早癌内镜诊断与治疗协作组, 中华医学会消化病学分会消化道肿瘤协作组, 中华医学会消化病学分会消化病理学组. 中国早期食管鳞状细胞癌及癌前病变筛查与诊治共识 (2015年, 北京). 中华消化内镜杂志, 2016, 33(18): 13-17.
2.	Malik S, Sharma G, Sanaka MR, et al. Role of endoscopic therapy in early esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2018, 24(35): 3965-3973.
3.	Wani S, Drahos J, Cook MB, et al. Comparison of endoscopic therapies and surgical resection in patients with early esophageal cancer: A population-based study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(2): 224-232.
4.	Shimizu Y, Tsukagoshi H, Fujita M, et al. Long-term outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosae or deeper. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002, 56(3): 387-390.
5.	Cho JW, Choi SC, Jang JY, et al. Lymph node metastases in esophageal carcinoma: An endoscopist's view. Clin Endosc, 2014, 47(6): 523-529.
6.	Trad KS, Barnes WE, Simoni G, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication effective in eliminating GERD symptoms in partial responders to proton pump inhibitor therapy at 6 months: The TEMPO randomized clinical trial. Surg Innov, 2015, 22(1): 26-40.
7.	Nakagawa K, Koike T, Iijima K, et al. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Japan. Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(3): 348-356.
8.	Arantes V, Espinoza-Ríos J. Early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma management through endoscopic submucosal dissection. Rev Gastroenterol Mex, 2018, 83(3): 259-267.
9.	Takahashi K, Hashimoto S, Mizuno KI, et al. Management decision based on lymphovascular involvement leads to favorable outcomes after endoscopic treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopy, 2018, 50(7): 662-670.
10.	Lorenzo D, Barret M, Leblanc S, et al. Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early oesophageal squamous cell neoplasia at a western centre. United European Gastroenterol J, 2019, 7(8): 1084-1092.
11.	Tsujii Y, Nishida T, Nishiyama O, et al. Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Endoscopy, 2015, 47(9): 775-783.
12.	Gong EJ, Jung HY. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasm: A growing body of evidence. Clin Endosc, 2016, 49(2): 101-103.
13.	Sun F, Yuan P, Chen T, et al. Efficacy and complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 9: 78.
14.	Song BG, Min YW, Lee JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(10): 3905-3911.
15.	Takahashi H, Arimura Y, Masao H, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is superior to conventional endoscopic resection as a curative treatment for early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (with video). Gastrointest Endosc, 2010, 72(2): 255-264.
16.	Ishihara R, Iishi H, Takeuchi Y, et al. Local recurrence of large squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus after endoscopic resection. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 67(6): 799-804.
17.	Guo HM, Zhang XQ, Chen M, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(18): 5540-5547.
18.	Uno K, Koike T, Kusaka G, et al. Risk of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus, 2017, 30(6): 1-8.
19.	Hindy P, Hong J, Lam-Tsai Y, et al. A comprehensive review of esophageal stents. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y), 2012, 8(8): 526-534.
20.	Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, et al. Endovascular metal devices for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Adv Mater, 2019, 31(8): e1805452.
21.	张志镒, 吴正奇, 卢林芝, 等. 食管气管支架治疗晚期食管上段癌的临床观察. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2009, 26(12): 657-658.
22.	权晓燕. 食管支架植入术治疗晚期食管癌的疗效分析. 宁夏医科大学, 2019.
23.	唐建萍, 白学松, 裴小玲. 食管支架置入术治疗晚期食管癌的疗效及预后分析. 癌症进展, 2019, 17(7): 791-794.
24.	Szegedi L, Gál I, Kósa I, et al. Palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma with self-expanding plastic stents: A report on 69 cases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006, 18(11): 1197-1201.
25.	Conio M, Repici A, Battaglia G, et al. A randomized prospective comparison of self-expandable plastic stents and partially covered self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal dysphagia. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007, 102(12): 2667-2677.
26.	Saito Y, Tanaka T, Andoh A, et al. Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis. World J Gastroenterol, 2007, 13(29): 3977-3980.
27.	Lee JW, Yang SG, Na K. Gemcitabine-releasing polymeric films for covered self-expandable metallic stent in treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Int J Pharm, 2012, 427(2): 276-283.
28.	Tuason J, Inoue H. Current status of achalasia management: A review on diagnosis and treatment. J Gastroenterol, 2017, 52(4): 401-406.
29.	Bechara R, Ikeda H, Inoue H. Peroral endoscopic myotomy: An evolving treatment for achalasia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 12(7): 410-426.
30.	Inoue H, Tianle KM, Ikeda H, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia: Technique, indication, and outcomes. Thorac Surg Clin, 2011, 21(4): 519-525.
31.	内镜治疗专家协作组. 经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症专家共识. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2012, 15(11): 1197-1200.
32.	Ngamruengphong S, Inoue H, Chiu PW, et al. Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in patients with achalasia with a minimum follow-up of 2 years: An international multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2017, 85(5): 927-933.
33.	Inoue H, Sato H, Ikeda H, et al. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy: A series of 500 patients. J Am Coll Surg, 2015, 221(2): 256-264.
34.	He C, Li M, Lu B, et al. Long-term efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for patients with achalasia: outcomes with a median follow-up of 36 months. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(3): 803-810.
35.	陈津津. 经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症中长期疗效的Meta分析和系统评价. 福建中医药大学, 2017.
36.	Li QL, Wu QN, Zhang XC, et al. Outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of esophageal achalasia with a median follow-up of 49 months. Gastrointest Endosc, 2018, 87(6): 1405-1412.
37.	Tang Z, Yang J, Hu B. Open peroral endoscopic myotomy (O-POEM) without submucosal tunneling. Am J Gastroenterol, 2017, 112(9): 1364.
38.	Liu W, Zeng XH, Yuan XL, et al. Open peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: A case series of 82 cases. Dis Esophagus, 2019, 32(10): 1-7.
39.	Yuan XL, Liu W, Ye LS, et al. Peroral endoscopic dual myotomy (dual POEM) for achalasia with severe esophageal dilatation. Endoscopy, 2018, 50(7): E179-E180.
40.	Talukdar R, Inoue H, Nageshwar Reddy D. Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(11): 3030-3046.
41.	Cai MY, Zhou PH, Yao LQ, et al. Thoracic CT after peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 80(6): 1046-1055.
42.	Campos GM, Vittinghoff E, Rabl C, et al. Endoscopic and surgical treatments for achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(1): 45-57.
43.	Repici A, Fuccio L, Maselli R, et al. GERD after per-oral endoscopic myotomy as compared with Heller's myotomy with fundoplication: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc, 2018, 87(4): 934-943.
44.	Schlottmann F, Luckett DJ, Fine J, et al. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy versus peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2018, 267(3): 451-460.
45.	胡小军, 王根旺, 张龙龙, 等. POEM与LHM在贲门失弛缓症治疗有效性和安全性的Meta分析. 世界华人消化杂志, 2017, 25(9): 792-802.
46.	Ponsaing LG, Kiss K, Hansen MB. Classification of submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol, 2007, 13(24): 3311-3315.
47.	Zhang J, Huang k, Ding s, et al. Clinical applicability of varuous treatment approaches for upper gaetrointestinal submucosal tumors. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2016, 2016: 9430652.
48.	江泳, 张旭. 隧道内镜技术在食管黏膜下肿瘤治疗中的应用现状. 国际消化病杂志, 2015, 35(4): 263-265.
49.	Lee CM, Kim HH. Minimally invasive surgery for submucosal (subepithelial) tumors of the stomach. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(36): 13035-13043.
50.	涂素芳. 经内镜黏膜下隧道切除术治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤的多中心研究. 南方医科大学, 2019.
51.	万海军, 袁柏思, 魏娟, 等. 食管平滑肌瘤内镜下切除: 临床病例回顾分析. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2015, 24(12): 1418-1420.
52.	刘爱斯, 黄曼玲, 王爱萍, 等. 内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管固有肌层肿瘤的探讨. 实用医学杂志, 2013, 29(14): 2368-2370.
53.	孙娟. 经黏膜下隧道内镜切除食管平滑肌瘤的疗效分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2017, 25(16): 2595-2597.
54.	Liu BR, Song JT, Kong LJ, et al. Tunneling endoscopic muscularis dissection for subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Surg Endosc, 2013, 27(11): 4354-4359.
55.	Tan Y, Lv L, Duan T, et al. Comparison between submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for large esophageal leiomyoma originating from the muscularis propria layer. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(7): 3121-3127.
56.	陈蕾, 张澍田. 食管平滑肌瘤诊断及治疗研究进展. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2017, 34(6): 448-450.
57.	Chai N, Du C, Gao Y, et al. Comparison between submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and video-assisted thoracoscopic enucleation for esophageal submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer: A randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(7): 3364-3372.
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1. 中华医学会消化内镜学分会消化系早癌内镜诊断与治疗协作组, 中华医学会消化病学分会消化道肿瘤协作组, 中华医学会消化病学分会消化病理学组. 中国早期食管鳞状细胞癌及癌前病变筛查与诊治共识 (2015年, 北京). 中华消化内镜杂志, 2016, 33(18): 13-17.
2. Malik S, Sharma G, Sanaka MR, et al. Role of endoscopic therapy in early esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2018, 24(35): 3965-3973.
3. Wani S, Drahos J, Cook MB, et al. Comparison of endoscopic therapies and surgical resection in patients with early esophageal cancer: A population-based study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 79(2): 224-232.
4. Shimizu Y, Tsukagoshi H, Fujita M, et al. Long-term outcome after endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosae or deeper. Gastrointest Endosc, 2002, 56(3): 387-390.
5. Cho JW, Choi SC, Jang JY, et al. Lymph node metastases in esophageal carcinoma: An endoscopist's view. Clin Endosc, 2014, 47(6): 523-529.
6. Trad KS, Barnes WE, Simoni G, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication effective in eliminating GERD symptoms in partial responders to proton pump inhibitor therapy at 6 months: The TEMPO randomized clinical trial. Surg Innov, 2015, 22(1): 26-40.
7. Nakagawa K, Koike T, Iijima K, et al. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of endoscopic resection for superficial squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Japan. Am J Gastroenterol, 2014, 109(3): 348-356.
8. Arantes V, Espinoza-Ríos J. Early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma management through endoscopic submucosal dissection. Rev Gastroenterol Mex, 2018, 83(3): 259-267.
9. Takahashi K, Hashimoto S, Mizuno KI, et al. Management decision based on lymphovascular involvement leads to favorable outcomes after endoscopic treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopy, 2018, 50(7): 662-670.
10. Lorenzo D, Barret M, Leblanc S, et al. Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early oesophageal squamous cell neoplasia at a western centre. United European Gastroenterol J, 2019, 7(8): 1084-1092.
11. Tsujii Y, Nishida T, Nishiyama O, et al. Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Endoscopy, 2015, 47(9): 775-783.
12. Gong EJ, Jung HY. Endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasm: A growing body of evidence. Clin Endosc, 2016, 49(2): 101-103.
13. Sun F, Yuan P, Chen T, et al. Efficacy and complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 9: 78.
14. Song BG, Min YW, Lee JH, et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(10): 3905-3911.
15. Takahashi H, Arimura Y, Masao H, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is superior to conventional endoscopic resection as a curative treatment for early squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (with video). Gastrointest Endosc, 2010, 72(2): 255-264.
16. Ishihara R, Iishi H, Takeuchi Y, et al. Local recurrence of large squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus after endoscopic resection. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 67(6): 799-804.
17. Guo HM, Zhang XQ, Chen M, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs endoscopic mucosal resection for superficial esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(18): 5540-5547.
18. Uno K, Koike T, Kusaka G, et al. Risk of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus, 2017, 30(6): 1-8.
19. Hindy P, Hong J, Lam-Tsai Y, et al. A comprehensive review of esophageal stents. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y), 2012, 8(8): 526-534.
20. Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, et al. Endovascular metal devices for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Adv Mater, 2019, 31(8): e1805452.
21. 张志镒, 吴正奇, 卢林芝, 等. 食管气管支架治疗晚期食管上段癌的临床观察. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2009, 26(12): 657-658.
22. 权晓燕. 食管支架植入术治疗晚期食管癌的疗效分析. 宁夏医科大学, 2019.
23. 唐建萍, 白学松, 裴小玲. 食管支架置入术治疗晚期食管癌的疗效及预后分析. 癌症进展, 2019, 17(7): 791-794.
24. Szegedi L, Gál I, Kósa I, et al. Palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma with self-expanding plastic stents: A report on 69 cases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2006, 18(11): 1197-1201.
25. Conio M, Repici A, Battaglia G, et al. A randomized prospective comparison of self-expandable plastic stents and partially covered self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of malignant esophageal dysphagia. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007, 102(12): 2667-2677.
26. Saito Y, Tanaka T, Andoh A, et al. Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis. World J Gastroenterol, 2007, 13(29): 3977-3980.
27. Lee JW, Yang SG, Na K. Gemcitabine-releasing polymeric films for covered self-expandable metallic stent in treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Int J Pharm, 2012, 427(2): 276-283.
28. Tuason J, Inoue H. Current status of achalasia management: A review on diagnosis and treatment. J Gastroenterol, 2017, 52(4): 401-406.
29. Bechara R, Ikeda H, Inoue H. Peroral endoscopic myotomy: An evolving treatment for achalasia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2015, 12(7): 410-426.
30. Inoue H, Tianle KM, Ikeda H, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia: Technique, indication, and outcomes. Thorac Surg Clin, 2011, 21(4): 519-525.
31. 内镜治疗专家协作组. 经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症专家共识. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2012, 15(11): 1197-1200.
32. Ngamruengphong S, Inoue H, Chiu PW, et al. Long-term outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy in patients with achalasia with a minimum follow-up of 2 years: An international multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc, 2017, 85(5): 927-933.
33. Inoue H, Sato H, Ikeda H, et al. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy: A series of 500 patients. J Am Coll Surg, 2015, 221(2): 256-264.
34. He C, Li M, Lu B, et al. Long-term efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for patients with achalasia: outcomes with a median follow-up of 36 months. Dig Dis Sci, 2019, 64(3): 803-810.
35. 陈津津. 经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症中长期疗效的Meta分析和系统评价. 福建中医药大学, 2017.
36. Li QL, Wu QN, Zhang XC, et al. Outcomes of per-oral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of esophageal achalasia with a median follow-up of 49 months. Gastrointest Endosc, 2018, 87(6): 1405-1412.
37. Tang Z, Yang J, Hu B. Open peroral endoscopic myotomy (O-POEM) without submucosal tunneling. Am J Gastroenterol, 2017, 112(9): 1364.
38. Liu W, Zeng XH, Yuan XL, et al. Open peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: A case series of 82 cases. Dis Esophagus, 2019, 32(10): 1-7.
39. Yuan XL, Liu W, Ye LS, et al. Peroral endoscopic dual myotomy (dual POEM) for achalasia with severe esophageal dilatation. Endoscopy, 2018, 50(7): E179-E180.
40. Talukdar R, Inoue H, Nageshwar Reddy D. Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(11): 3030-3046.
41. Cai MY, Zhou PH, Yao LQ, et al. Thoracic CT after peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc, 2014, 80(6): 1046-1055.
42. Campos GM, Vittinghoff E, Rabl C, et al. Endoscopic and surgical treatments for achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2009, 249(1): 45-57.
43. Repici A, Fuccio L, Maselli R, et al. GERD after per-oral endoscopic myotomy as compared with Heller's myotomy with fundoplication: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc, 2018, 87(4): 934-943.
44. Schlottmann F, Luckett DJ, Fine J, et al. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy versus peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg, 2018, 267(3): 451-460.
45. 胡小军, 王根旺, 张龙龙, 等. POEM与LHM在贲门失弛缓症治疗有效性和安全性的Meta分析. 世界华人消化杂志, 2017, 25(9): 792-802.
46. Ponsaing LG, Kiss K, Hansen MB. Classification of submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol, 2007, 13(24): 3311-3315.
47. Zhang J, Huang k, Ding s, et al. Clinical applicability of varuous treatment approaches for upper gaetrointestinal submucosal tumors. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2016, 2016: 9430652.
48. 江泳, 张旭. 隧道内镜技术在食管黏膜下肿瘤治疗中的应用现状. 国际消化病杂志, 2015, 35(4): 263-265.
49. Lee CM, Kim HH. Minimally invasive surgery for submucosal (subepithelial) tumors of the stomach. World J Gastroenterol, 2014, 20(36): 13035-13043.
50. 涂素芳. 经内镜黏膜下隧道切除术治疗食管黏膜下肿瘤的多中心研究. 南方医科大学, 2019.
51. 万海军, 袁柏思, 魏娟, 等. 食管平滑肌瘤内镜下切除: 临床病例回顾分析. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2015, 24(12): 1418-1420.
52. 刘爱斯, 黄曼玲, 王爱萍, 等. 内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管固有肌层肿瘤的探讨. 实用医学杂志, 2013, 29(14): 2368-2370.
53. 孙娟. 经黏膜下隧道内镜切除食管平滑肌瘤的疗效分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2017, 25(16): 2595-2597.
54. Liu BR, Song JT, Kong LJ, et al. Tunneling endoscopic muscularis dissection for subepithelial tumors originating from the muscularis propria of the esophagus and gastric cardia. Surg Endosc, 2013, 27(11): 4354-4359.
55. Tan Y, Lv L, Duan T, et al. Comparison between submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for large esophageal leiomyoma originating from the muscularis propria layer. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(7): 3121-3127.
56. 陈蕾, 张澍田. 食管平滑肌瘤诊断及治疗研究进展. 中华消化内镜杂志, 2017, 34(6): 448-450.
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Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Research progress on long-term outcomes of endoscopic surgery for esophageal diseases

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