Surgical transmural ablation of atrial fibrillation based on visualization analysis of CiteSpace and VOSviewer_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

TU Xiaokang , LIU Hongduan , TAN Haoyu , ZHANG Hao , SONG Qingchun , YANG Benli , SONG Long ,  LIU Liming

1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Liming, Email: liulimingjia@csu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Atrial fibrillation; surgical ablation; catheter ablation; transmural; CiteSpace; VOSviewer; visual analysis

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202206048

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To analyze the current status and hotspots of surgical transmural ablation of atrial fibrillation using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection database was used as the data source. The CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the related studies on surgical transmural ablation of atrial fibrillation about the authors, countries/institutions, literature co-citation and keywords. Results A total of 109 articles were enrolled. Damiano RJ was the most prolific researcher, while Cox JL was the author with the highest number of citations. The United States was the leading country in this research field. The University of Washington was an important institution in the study of atrial fibrillation transmural ablation. The main hotpots were the effectiveness of surgical ablation, especially Cox-maze procedure, selection of the energy source of surgical ablation, combination of surgical and catheter ablations, and pulmonary vein isolation. Conclusion This study visualizes the current research status of surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. How to improve the effectiveness and transmurality of surgical ablation is a hot research topic in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The combination of electrophysiology mapping and surgical ablation may be the development direction in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Citation： TU Xiaokang, LIU Hongduan, TAN Haoyu, ZHANG Hao, SONG Qingchun, YANG Benli, SONG Long, LIU Liming. Surgical transmural ablation of atrial fibrillation based on visualization analysis of CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2024, 31(3): 446-453. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202206048 Copy

1.	Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J, 2021, 42(5): 373-498.
2.	Albåge A. The effect of the atrial kick after Cox-Maze surgery for atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol, 2021, 326: 73-74.
3.	Ruaengsri C, Schill MR, Khiabani AJ, et al. The Cox-maze Ⅳ procedure in its second decade: Still the gold standard? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(suppl_1): i19-i25.
4.	Khiabani AJ, MacGregor RM, Bakir NH, et al. The long-term outcomes and durability of the Cox-Maze Ⅳ procedure for atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2022, 163(2): 629-641.
5.	Khiabani AJ, MacGregor RM, Manghelli JL, et al. Bipolar radiofrequency ablation on explanted human hearts: How to ensure transmural lesions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 110(6): 1933-1939.
6.	Ai Y, Xing Y, Yan L, et al. Atrial fibrillation and depression: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2021. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9: 775329.
7.	Xie P. Study of international anticancer research trends via co-word and document co-citation visualization analysis. Scientometrics, 2015, 105(1): 611-622.
8.	石晶晶, 石树青, 胡元会, 等. 房颤心房纤维化相关研究的文献计量学分析. 心脏杂志, 2020, 32(3): 282-288.
9.	李杰, 陈超美. Citespace: 科技文本挖掘及可视化. 首都经济贸易大学出版社, 2016. 135-140.
10.	Melby SJ, Lee AM, Zierer A, et al. Atrial fibrillation propagates through gaps in ablation lines: Implications for ablative treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2008, 5(9): 1296-1301.
11.	Glover BM, Hong KL, Baranchuk A, et al. Preserved left atrial epicardial conduction in regions of endocardial "isolation". JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018, 4(4): 557-558.
12.	Mahapatra S, LaPar DJ, Kamath S, et al. Initial experience of sequential surgical epicardial-catheter endocardial ablation for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation with long-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg, 2011, 91(6): 1890-1898.
13.	Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm, 2012, 9(4): 632-696.
14.	Je HG, Shuman DJ, Ad N. A systematic review of minimally invasive surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation: A comparison of the Cox-Maze procedure, beating-heart epicardial ablation, and the hybrid procedure on safety and efficacy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 48(4): 531-540.
15.	陈勇跃, 田文芳, 吴金红, 等. 主题研究领域热点跟踪及趋势预测的可视化分析方法研究. 情报理论和实践, 2017, 40(6): 117-121.
16.	Teres C, Soto-Iglesias D, Penela D, et al. Personalized paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation by tailoring ablation index to the left atrial wall thickness: The 'Ablate by-LAW' single-centre study: A pilot study. Europace, 2022, 24(3): 390-399.
17.	Pambrun T, Duchateau J, Delgove A, et al. Epicardial course of the septopulmonary bundle: Anatomical considerations and clinical implications for roof line completion. Heart Rhythm, 2021, 18(3): 349-357.
18.	Stojanovska J, Kazerooni EA, Sinno M, et al. Increased epicardial fat is independently associated with the presence and chronicity of atrial fibrillation and radiofrequency ablation outcome. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(8): 2298-2309.
19.	Varzaly JA, Chapman D, Lau DH, et al. Contact force and ablation assessment of surgical bipolar radiofrequency clamps in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2019, 28(1): 85-93.
20.	Kasirajan V, Sayeed S, Filler E, et al. Histopathology of bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the human atrium. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(2): 638-643.
21.	Gharaviri A, Bidar E, Potse M, et al. Epicardial fibrosis explains increased endo-epicardial dissociation and epicardial breakthroughs in human atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 68.
22.	Coyne KS, Paramore C, Grandy S, et al. Assessing the direct costs of treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the United States. Value Health, 2006, 9(5): 348-356.
23.	Kubota H, Ohtsuka T, Ninomiya M, et al. Thoracoscopic infrared ablation to create a box lesion as a treatment for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2022, 17(1): 1.
24.	Gaynor SL, Byrd GD, Diodato MD, et al. Microwave ablation for atrial fibrillation: Dose-response curves in the cardioplegia-arrested and beating heart. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 81(1): 72-76.
25.	Cox JL, Malaisrie SC, Churyla A, et al. Cryosurgery for atrial fibrillation: Physiologic basis for creating optimal cryolesions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2021, 112(2): 354-362.
26.	Wakasa S, Kubota S, Shingu Y, et al. Histological assessment of transmurality after repeated radiofrequency ablation of the left atrial wall. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(7): 428-433.
27.	Nakagawa H. Creation of continuous and transmural radiofrequency lesions. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2018, 11(4): e006378.
28.	Zhao X, Ziv O, Mohammadpour R, et al. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography monitoring of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in left atrium of living swine. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 24330.
29.	Melby SJ, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ. Ablation technology for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. ASAIO J, 2013, 59(5): 461-468.
30.	Berger WR, Meulendijks ER, Limpens J, et al. Persistent atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of invasive strategies. Int J Cardiol, 2019, 278: 137-143.
31.	Maesen B, La Meir M. Unilateral left-sided thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 110(1): e63-e66.
32.	Matteucci F, Maesen B, De Asmundis C, et al. Biparietal bidirectional bipolar radiofrequency in hybrid cardiac ablation: An in vitro evaluation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2021, 33(1): 34-42.
33.	Schill MR, Melby SJ, Speltz M, et al. Evaluation of a novel cryoprobe for atrial ablation in a chronic ovine model. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 104(3): 1069-1073.
34.	Neven K, van Es R, van Driel V, et al. Acute and long-term effects of full-power electroporation ablation directly on the porcine esophagus. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2017, 10(5): e004672.
35.	Schuessler RB, Lee AM, Melby SJ, et al. Animal studies of epicardial atrial ablation. Heart Rhythm, 2009, 6(12 Suppl): S41-S45.
36.	Williams MR, Casher JM, Russo MJ, et al. Laser energy source in surgical atrial fibrillation ablation: Preclinical experience. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(6): 2260-2264.
37.	Lall SC, Damiano RJ. Surgical ablation devices for atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 2007, 20(3): 73-82.
38.	Kim JA, Khan K, Kherallah R, et al. Innovations in atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 2023, 66(3): 737-756.
39.	Liu X, Tan HW, Wang XH, et al. Efficacy of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze procedure in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease: A randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 2010, 31(21): 2633-2641.
40.	Jiang R, Buch E, Gima J, et al. Feasibility of percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation for refractory atrial fibrillation: Insights into substrate and lesion transmurality. Heart Rhythm, 2019, 16(8): 1151-1159.
41.	Kowalski M, Grimes MM, Perez FJ, et al. Histopathologic characterization of chronic radiofrequency ablation lesions for pulmonary vein isolation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012, 59(10): 930-938.
42.	Dana N, Di Biase L, Natale A, et al. In vitro photoacoustic visualization of myocardial ablation lesions. Heart Rhythm, 2014, 11(1): 150-157.
43.	Bortone A, Appetiti A, Bouzeman A, et al. Unipolar signal modification as a guide for lesion creation during radiofrequency application in the left atrium: Prospective study in humans in the setting of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2013, 6(6): 1095-1102.
44.	O'Neill L, Wielandts JY, Gillis K, et al. Catheter ablation in persistent AF, the evolution towards a more pragmatic strategy. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(18): 4060.
45.	DeLurgio DB. The hybrid convergent procedure for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation from an electrophysiologist's perspective. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2022, 33(8): 1954-1960.
46.	Piorkowski C, Kronborg M, Hourdain J, et al. Endo-/epicardial catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Feasibility, outcome, and insights into arrhythmia mechanisms. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2018, 11(2): e005748.
47.	Bulava A, Mokracek A, Hanis J, et al. Sequential hybrid procedure for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(3): e001754.
48.	Ariyarathna N, Kumar S, Thomas SP, et al. Role of contact force sensing in catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: Evolution or history repeating itself? JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018, 4(6): 707-723.
49.	Yavin H, Brem E, Zilberman I, et al. Circular multielectrode pulsed field ablation catheter lasso pulsed field ablation: Lesion characteristics, durability, and effect on neighboring structures. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2021, 14(2): e009229.
50.	Okada S, Weimar T, Moon MR, et al. The impact of previous catheter-based ablation on the efficacy of the Cox-maze Ⅳ procedure. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 786-791.
51.	Ehrlich MP, Laufer G, Coti I, et al. Noninvasive mapping before surgical ablation for persistent, long-standing atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 157(1): 248-256.
52.	Kajiyama T, Kondo Y, Ueda M, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmias after a Maze procedure: A single center experience. J Cardiol Cases, 2018, 19(3): 89-92.
53.	Wazni OM, Saliba W, Fahmy T, et al. Atrial arrhythmias after surgical maze: Findings during catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006, 48(7): 1405-1409.
54.	Cox JL, Churyla A, Malaisrie SC, et al. A hybrid Maze procedure for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(2): 610-618.
55.	Hsu JC, Gibson D, Banker R, et al. In vivo porcine characterization of atrial lesion safety and efficacy utilizing a circular pulsed-field ablation catheter including assessment of collateral damage to adjacent tissue in supratherapeutic ablation applications. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2022, 33(7): 1480-1488.
56.	Nakai K, Kashiwa A, Kunitomi A, et al. Conduction gap mapping of linear ablation lesions with high-density mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2020, 31(8): 1953-1963.

1. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J, 2021, 42(5): 373-498.
2. Albåge A. The effect of the atrial kick after Cox-Maze surgery for atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol, 2021, 326: 73-74.
3. Ruaengsri C, Schill MR, Khiabani AJ, et al. The Cox-maze Ⅳ procedure in its second decade: Still the gold standard? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2018, 53(suppl_1): i19-i25.
4. Khiabani AJ, MacGregor RM, Bakir NH, et al. The long-term outcomes and durability of the Cox-Maze Ⅳ procedure for atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2022, 163(2): 629-641.
5. Khiabani AJ, MacGregor RM, Manghelli JL, et al. Bipolar radiofrequency ablation on explanted human hearts: How to ensure transmural lesions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 110(6): 1933-1939.
6. Ai Y, Xing Y, Yan L, et al. Atrial fibrillation and depression: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2021. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9: 775329.
7. Xie P. Study of international anticancer research trends via co-word and document co-citation visualization analysis. Scientometrics, 2015, 105(1): 611-622.
8. 石晶晶, 石树青, 胡元会, 等. 房颤心房纤维化相关研究的文献计量学分析. 心脏杂志, 2020, 32(3): 282-288.
9. 李杰, 陈超美. Citespace: 科技文本挖掘及可视化. 首都经济贸易大学出版社, 2016. 135-140.
10. Melby SJ, Lee AM, Zierer A, et al. Atrial fibrillation propagates through gaps in ablation lines: Implications for ablative treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm, 2008, 5(9): 1296-1301.
11. Glover BM, Hong KL, Baranchuk A, et al. Preserved left atrial epicardial conduction in regions of endocardial "isolation". JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018, 4(4): 557-558.
12. Mahapatra S, LaPar DJ, Kamath S, et al. Initial experience of sequential surgical epicardial-catheter endocardial ablation for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation with long-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg, 2011, 91(6): 1890-1898.
13. Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm, 2012, 9(4): 632-696.
14. Je HG, Shuman DJ, Ad N. A systematic review of minimally invasive surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation: A comparison of the Cox-Maze procedure, beating-heart epicardial ablation, and the hybrid procedure on safety and efficacy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2015, 48(4): 531-540.
15. 陈勇跃, 田文芳, 吴金红, 等. 主题研究领域热点跟踪及趋势预测的可视化分析方法研究. 情报理论和实践, 2017, 40(6): 117-121.
16. Teres C, Soto-Iglesias D, Penela D, et al. Personalized paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation by tailoring ablation index to the left atrial wall thickness: The 'Ablate by-LAW' single-centre study: A pilot study. Europace, 2022, 24(3): 390-399.
17. Pambrun T, Duchateau J, Delgove A, et al. Epicardial course of the septopulmonary bundle: Anatomical considerations and clinical implications for roof line completion. Heart Rhythm, 2021, 18(3): 349-357.
18. Stojanovska J, Kazerooni EA, Sinno M, et al. Increased epicardial fat is independently associated with the presence and chronicity of atrial fibrillation and radiofrequency ablation outcome. Eur Radiol, 2015, 25(8): 2298-2309.
19. Varzaly JA, Chapman D, Lau DH, et al. Contact force and ablation assessment of surgical bipolar radiofrequency clamps in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2019, 28(1): 85-93.
20. Kasirajan V, Sayeed S, Filler E, et al. Histopathology of bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the human atrium. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 101(2): 638-643.
21. Gharaviri A, Bidar E, Potse M, et al. Epicardial fibrosis explains increased endo-epicardial dissociation and epicardial breakthroughs in human atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol, 2020, 11: 68.
22. Coyne KS, Paramore C, Grandy S, et al. Assessing the direct costs of treating nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in the United States. Value Health, 2006, 9(5): 348-356.
23. Kubota H, Ohtsuka T, Ninomiya M, et al. Thoracoscopic infrared ablation to create a box lesion as a treatment for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiothorac Surg, 2022, 17(1): 1.
24. Gaynor SL, Byrd GD, Diodato MD, et al. Microwave ablation for atrial fibrillation: Dose-response curves in the cardioplegia-arrested and beating heart. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 81(1): 72-76.
25. Cox JL, Malaisrie SC, Churyla A, et al. Cryosurgery for atrial fibrillation: Physiologic basis for creating optimal cryolesions. Ann Thorac Surg, 2021, 112(2): 354-362.
26. Wakasa S, Kubota S, Shingu Y, et al. Histological assessment of transmurality after repeated radiofrequency ablation of the left atrial wall. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2014, 62(7): 428-433.
27. Nakagawa H. Creation of continuous and transmural radiofrequency lesions. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2018, 11(4): e006378.
28. Zhao X, Ziv O, Mohammadpour R, et al. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography monitoring of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in left atrium of living swine. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 24330.
29. Melby SJ, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ. Ablation technology for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. ASAIO J, 2013, 59(5): 461-468.
30. Berger WR, Meulendijks ER, Limpens J, et al. Persistent atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of invasive strategies. Int J Cardiol, 2019, 278: 137-143.
31. Maesen B, La Meir M. Unilateral left-sided thoracoscopic ablation of atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2020, 110(1): e63-e66.
32. Matteucci F, Maesen B, De Asmundis C, et al. Biparietal bidirectional bipolar radiofrequency in hybrid cardiac ablation: An in vitro evaluation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2021, 33(1): 34-42.
33. Schill MR, Melby SJ, Speltz M, et al. Evaluation of a novel cryoprobe for atrial ablation in a chronic ovine model. Ann Thorac Surg, 2017, 104(3): 1069-1073.
34. Neven K, van Es R, van Driel V, et al. Acute and long-term effects of full-power electroporation ablation directly on the porcine esophagus. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2017, 10(5): e004672.
35. Schuessler RB, Lee AM, Melby SJ, et al. Animal studies of epicardial atrial ablation. Heart Rhythm, 2009, 6(12 Suppl): S41-S45.
36. Williams MR, Casher JM, Russo MJ, et al. Laser energy source in surgical atrial fibrillation ablation: Preclinical experience. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(6): 2260-2264.
37. Lall SC, Damiano RJ. Surgical ablation devices for atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 2007, 20(3): 73-82.
38. Kim JA, Khan K, Kherallah R, et al. Innovations in atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol, 2023, 66(3): 737-756.
39. Liu X, Tan HW, Wang XH, et al. Efficacy of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze procedure in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease: A randomized trial. Eur Heart J, 2010, 31(21): 2633-2641.
40. Jiang R, Buch E, Gima J, et al. Feasibility of percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation for refractory atrial fibrillation: Insights into substrate and lesion transmurality. Heart Rhythm, 2019, 16(8): 1151-1159.
41. Kowalski M, Grimes MM, Perez FJ, et al. Histopathologic characterization of chronic radiofrequency ablation lesions for pulmonary vein isolation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012, 59(10): 930-938.
42. Dana N, Di Biase L, Natale A, et al. In vitro photoacoustic visualization of myocardial ablation lesions. Heart Rhythm, 2014, 11(1): 150-157.
43. Bortone A, Appetiti A, Bouzeman A, et al. Unipolar signal modification as a guide for lesion creation during radiofrequency application in the left atrium: Prospective study in humans in the setting of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2013, 6(6): 1095-1102.
44. O'Neill L, Wielandts JY, Gillis K, et al. Catheter ablation in persistent AF, the evolution towards a more pragmatic strategy. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(18): 4060.
45. DeLurgio DB. The hybrid convergent procedure for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation from an electrophysiologist's perspective. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2022, 33(8): 1954-1960.
46. Piorkowski C, Kronborg M, Hourdain J, et al. Endo-/epicardial catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Feasibility, outcome, and insights into arrhythmia mechanisms. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2018, 11(2): e005748.
47. Bulava A, Mokracek A, Hanis J, et al. Sequential hybrid procedure for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015, 4(3): e001754.
48. Ariyarathna N, Kumar S, Thomas SP, et al. Role of contact force sensing in catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: Evolution or history repeating itself? JACC Clin Electrophysiol, 2018, 4(6): 707-723.
49. Yavin H, Brem E, Zilberman I, et al. Circular multielectrode pulsed field ablation catheter lasso pulsed field ablation: Lesion characteristics, durability, and effect on neighboring structures. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 2021, 14(2): e009229.
50. Okada S, Weimar T, Moon MR, et al. The impact of previous catheter-based ablation on the efficacy of the Cox-maze Ⅳ procedure. Ann Thorac Surg, 2013, 96(3): 786-791.
51. Ehrlich MP, Laufer G, Coti I, et al. Noninvasive mapping before surgical ablation for persistent, long-standing atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2019, 157(1): 248-256.
52. Kajiyama T, Kondo Y, Ueda M, et al. Catheter ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmias after a Maze procedure: A single center experience. J Cardiol Cases, 2018, 19(3): 89-92.
53. Wazni OM, Saliba W, Fahmy T, et al. Atrial arrhythmias after surgical maze: Findings during catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2006, 48(7): 1405-1409.
54. Cox JL, Churyla A, Malaisrie SC, et al. A hybrid Maze procedure for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019, 107(2): 610-618.
55. Hsu JC, Gibson D, Banker R, et al. In vivo porcine characterization of atrial lesion safety and efficacy utilizing a circular pulsed-field ablation catheter including assessment of collateral damage to adjacent tissue in supratherapeutic ablation applications. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2022, 33(7): 1480-1488.
56. Nakai K, Kashiwa A, Kunitomi A, et al. Conduction gap mapping of linear ablation lesions with high-density mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 2020, 31(8): 1953-1963.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Surgical transmural ablation of atrial fibrillation based on visualization analysis of CiteSpace and VOSviewer

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