Progress in clinical studies in cardiovascular surgery 2022_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Heng ¹ , YANG Yi ² , YUAN Shuo ¹ , ZHU Yunpeng ² ,  ZHENG Zhe ¹ ,  ZHAO Qiang ²

1. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, P. R. China;
2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZHENG Zhe, Email: zhengzhe@fuwai.com; ZHAO Qiang, Email: zq11607@rjh.com.cn

Keywords：

Cardiovascular surgery; clinical studies; progress; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202303009

Video：

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In 2022, many excellent clinical studies emerged in the field of cardiovascular surgery. Selecting papers published in The New England Journal of Medicine and other top medicine and cardiology journals, this review focused on the research progress on 7 topics in the field of cardiovascular surgery: coronary artery surgery, vascular surgery, valvular surgery, structural heart disease, congenital heart disease, heart transplantation, perioperative management, and special population.

Citation： ZHANG Heng, YANG Yi, YUAN Shuo, ZHU Yunpeng, ZHENG Zhe, ZHAO Qiang. Progress in clinical studies in cardiovascular surgery 2022. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2023, 30(8): 1089-1096. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202303009 Copy

1.	Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Circulation, 2018, 138(20): e618-e651.
2.	Garcia-Garcia HM, McFadden EP, Farb A, et al. Standardized end point definitions for coronary intervention trials: The academic research consortium-2 consensus document. Eur Heart J, 2018, 39(23): 2192-2207.
3.	Moussa ID, Klein LW, Shah B, et al. Consideration of a new definition of clinically relevant myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: An expert consensus document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) . Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2014, 83(1): 27-36.
4.	Pölzl L, Thielmann M, Cymorek S, et al. Impact of myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass grafting on long-term prognosis. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(25): 2407-2417.
5.	Devereaux PJ, Lamy A, Chan MTV, et al. High-sensitivity troponin I after cardiac surgery and 30-day mortality. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(9): 827-836.
6.	Omran H, Deutsch MA, Groezinger E, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I after coronary artery bypass grafting for post-operative decision-making. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(25): 2388-2403.
7.	Royse A, Ren J, Royse C, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery without saphenous vein grafting: JACC review topic of the week . J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(19): 1833-1843.
8.	Goldstein DJ, Puskas JD, Alexander JH, et al. External support for saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol, 2022, 7(8): 808-816.
9.	Alexander JH, Smith PK. Coronary-artery bypass grafting. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(20): 1954-1964.
10.	Sandner S, Redfors B, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Association of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor with vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2022, 328(6): 554-562.
11.	Tian M, Wang X, Sun H, et al. No-touch versus conventional vein harvesting techniques at 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: Multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Circulation, 2021, 144(14): 1120-1129.
12.	Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation, 2010, 121(13): e266-e369.
13.	Ganapathi AM, Ranney DN, Peterson MD, et al. Location of aortic enlargement and risk of type a dissection at smaller diameters. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(19): 1890-1897.
14.	Writing Committee M, Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(24): e223-e393.
15.	Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(4): e25-e197.
16.	Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 561-632.
17.	Kang DH, Park SJ, Lee SA, et al. Early surgery or conservative care for asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(2): 111-119.
18.	Banovic M, Putnik S, Penicka M, et al. Aortic valve replacement versus conservative treatment in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: The AVATAR trial. Circulation, 2022, 145(9): 648-658.
19.	Özkan M, Gündüz S, Güner A, et al. Thrombolysis or surgery in patients with obstructive mechanical valve thrombosis: The multicenter HATTUSHA study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(10): 977-989.
20.	Dalén M, Persson M, Glaser N, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of bleeding after mechanical aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(25): 2502-2513.
21.	Aboud A, Charitos EI, Fujita B, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the ross procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(11): 1412-1422.
22.	El-Hamamsy I, Toyoda N, Itagaki S, et al. Propensity-matched comparison of the ROSS procedure and prosthetic aortic valve replacement in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(8): 805-815.
23.	Mazine A, David TE, Stoklosa K, et al. Improved outcomes following the ROSS procedure compared with bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(10): 993-1005.
24.	Dreyfus J, Audureau E, Bohbot Y, et al. TRI-SCORE: A new risk score for in-hospital mortality prediction after isolated tricuspid valve surgery. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 654-662.
25.	Li SX, Patel NK, Flannery LD, et al. Trends in utilization of aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 864-877.
26.	Nguyen V, Willner N, Eltchaninoff H, et al. Trends in aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: A French nationwide study. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 666-679.
27.	Forrest JK, Deeb GM, Yakubov SJ, et al. 2-year outcomes after transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 882-896.
28.	Toff WD, Hildick-Smith D, Kovac J, et al. Effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation vs. surgical aortic valve replacement on all-cause mortality in patients with aortic stenosis: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 327(19): 1875-1887.
29.	Mangner N, del Val D, Abdel-Wahab M, et al. Surgical treatment of patients with infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(8): 772-785.
30.	Généreux P, Pibarot P, Redfors B, et al. Evolution and prognostic impact of cardiac damage after aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(8): 783-800.
31.	Haberman D, Estévez-Loureiro R, Benito-Gonzalez T, et al. Conservative, surgical, and percutaneous treatment for mitral regurgitation shortly after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 641-650.
32.	King G, Buratto E, Celermajer DS, et al. Natural and modified history of atrioventricular valve regurgitation in patients with Fontan circulation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(18): 1832-1845.
33.	Allen P, Zafar F, Mi J, et al. Risk stratification for congenital heart surgery for ICD-10 administrative data (RACHS-2). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(5): 465-478.
34.	Broberg CS, van Dissel A, Minnier J, et al. Long-term outcomes after atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(10): 951-963.
35.	Goldstein BH, Petit CJ, Qureshi AM, et al. Comparison of management strategies for neonates with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(8): 1093-1106.
36.	O'Byrne ML, Glatz AC, Huang YV, et al. Comparative costs of management strategies for neonates with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(12): 1170-1180.
37.	Sengupta A, Beroukhim R, Baird CW, et al. Outcomes of repair of congenital aortic valve lesions using autologous pericardium vs porcine intestinal submucosa. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(11): 1060-1068.
38.	Mikami T, Itagaki S, Fujisaki T, et al. Association of donor brain death due to stroke with prognosis after heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(11): 1063-1072.
39.	Madan S, Saeed O, Forest SJ, et al. Feasibility and potential impact of heart transplantation from adult donors after circulatory death. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(2): 148-162.
40.	Topkara VK, Sayer GT, Clerkin KJ, et al. Recovery with temporary mechanical circulatory support while waitlisted for heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 900-913.
41.	Clerkin KJ, Topkara VK, Farr MA, et al. Noninvasive physiologic assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy is prognostic for post-transplant events. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(17): 1617-1628.
42.	Peyster EG, Janowczyk A, Swamidoss A, et al. Computational analysis of routine biopsies improves diagnosis and prediction of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Circulation, 2022, 145(21): 1563-1577.
43.	Anthony C, Imran M, Pouliopoulos J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for rejection surveillance after cardiac transplantation. Circulation, 2022, 145(25): 1811-1824.
44.	Di Toro A, Urtis M, Narula N, et al. Impediments to heart transplantation in adults with MELAS (MT-TL1: m. 3243A>G) cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(15): 1431-1443.
45.	Demirjian S, Bashour CA, Shaw A, et al. Predictive accuracy of a perioperative laboratory test-based prediction model for moderate to severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. JAMA, 2022, 327(10): 956-964.
46.	Schlapbach LJ, Gibbons KS, Horton SB, et al. Effect of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on ventilator-free days in young children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: The NITRIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(1): 38-47.
47.	Shi J, Zhou C, Pan W, et al. Effect of high- vs. low-dose tranexamic acid infusion on need for red blood cell transfusion and adverse events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: The OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(4): 336-347.
48.	Pesonen E, Vlasov H, Suojaranta R, et al. Effect of 4% albumin solution vs. ringer acetate on major adverse events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(3): 251-258.
49.	Diab M, Lehmann T, Bothe W, et al. Cytokine hemoadsorption during cardiac surgery versus standard surgical care for infective endocarditis (REMOVE): Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Circulation, 2022, 145(13): 959-968.
50.	Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J, 2018, 39(34): 3165-3241.
51.	van Steenbergen GJ, Tsang QHY, van der Heijden OWH, et al. Timing of cardiac surgery during pregnancy: A patient-level meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(29): 2801-2811.
52.	Mentias A, Desai MY, Keshvani N, et al. Ninety-day risk-standardized home time as a performance metric for cardiac surgery hospitals in the United States. Circulation, 2022, 146(17): 1297-1309.

1. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Circulation, 2018, 138(20): e618-e651.
2. Garcia-Garcia HM, McFadden EP, Farb A, et al. Standardized end point definitions for coronary intervention trials: The academic research consortium-2 consensus document. Eur Heart J, 2018, 39(23): 2192-2207.
3. Moussa ID, Klein LW, Shah B, et al. Consideration of a new definition of clinically relevant myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: An expert consensus document from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) . Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2014, 83(1): 27-36.
4. Pölzl L, Thielmann M, Cymorek S, et al. Impact of myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass grafting on long-term prognosis. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(25): 2407-2417.
5. Devereaux PJ, Lamy A, Chan MTV, et al. High-sensitivity troponin I after cardiac surgery and 30-day mortality. N Engl J Med, 2022, 386(9): 827-836.
6. Omran H, Deutsch MA, Groezinger E, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I after coronary artery bypass grafting for post-operative decision-making. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(25): 2388-2403.
7. Royse A, Ren J, Royse C, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery without saphenous vein grafting: JACC review topic of the week . J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(19): 1833-1843.
8. Goldstein DJ, Puskas JD, Alexander JH, et al. External support for saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol, 2022, 7(8): 808-816.
9. Alexander JH, Smith PK. Coronary-artery bypass grafting. N Engl J Med, 2016, 374(20): 1954-1964.
10. Sandner S, Redfors B, Angiolillo DJ, et al. Association of dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor with vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 2022, 328(6): 554-562.
11. Tian M, Wang X, Sun H, et al. No-touch versus conventional vein harvesting techniques at 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: Multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Circulation, 2021, 144(14): 1120-1129.
12. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation, 2010, 121(13): e266-e369.
13. Ganapathi AM, Ranney DN, Peterson MD, et al. Location of aortic enlargement and risk of type a dissection at smaller diameters. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(19): 1890-1897.
14. Writing Committee M, Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(24): e223-e393.
15. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(4): e25-e197.
16. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 561-632.
17. Kang DH, Park SJ, Lee SA, et al. Early surgery or conservative care for asymptomatic aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(2): 111-119.
18. Banovic M, Putnik S, Penicka M, et al. Aortic valve replacement versus conservative treatment in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: The AVATAR trial. Circulation, 2022, 145(9): 648-658.
19. Özkan M, Gündüz S, Güner A, et al. Thrombolysis or surgery in patients with obstructive mechanical valve thrombosis: The multicenter HATTUSHA study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(10): 977-989.
20. Dalén M, Persson M, Glaser N, et al. Socioeconomic status and risk of bleeding after mechanical aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(25): 2502-2513.
21. Aboud A, Charitos EI, Fujita B, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the ross procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(11): 1412-1422.
22. El-Hamamsy I, Toyoda N, Itagaki S, et al. Propensity-matched comparison of the ROSS procedure and prosthetic aortic valve replacement in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(8): 805-815.
23. Mazine A, David TE, Stoklosa K, et al. Improved outcomes following the ROSS procedure compared with bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(10): 993-1005.
24. Dreyfus J, Audureau E, Bohbot Y, et al. TRI-SCORE: A new risk score for in-hospital mortality prediction after isolated tricuspid valve surgery. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 654-662.
25. Li SX, Patel NK, Flannery LD, et al. Trends in utilization of aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 864-877.
26. Nguyen V, Willner N, Eltchaninoff H, et al. Trends in aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis: A French nationwide study. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 666-679.
27. Forrest JK, Deeb GM, Yakubov SJ, et al. 2-year outcomes after transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in low-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 882-896.
28. Toff WD, Hildick-Smith D, Kovac J, et al. Effect of transcatheter aortic valve implantation vs. surgical aortic valve replacement on all-cause mortality in patients with aortic stenosis: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 327(19): 1875-1887.
29. Mangner N, del Val D, Abdel-Wahab M, et al. Surgical treatment of patients with infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(8): 772-785.
30. Généreux P, Pibarot P, Redfors B, et al. Evolution and prognostic impact of cardiac damage after aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(8): 783-800.
31. Haberman D, Estévez-Loureiro R, Benito-Gonzalez T, et al. Conservative, surgical, and percutaneous treatment for mitral regurgitation shortly after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(7): 641-650.
32. King G, Buratto E, Celermajer DS, et al. Natural and modified history of atrioventricular valve regurgitation in patients with Fontan circulation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(18): 1832-1845.
33. Allen P, Zafar F, Mi J, et al. Risk stratification for congenital heart surgery for ICD-10 administrative data (RACHS-2). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(5): 465-478.
34. Broberg CS, van Dissel A, Minnier J, et al. Long-term outcomes after atrial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(10): 951-963.
35. Goldstein BH, Petit CJ, Qureshi AM, et al. Comparison of management strategies for neonates with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(8): 1093-1106.
36. O'Byrne ML, Glatz AC, Huang YV, et al. Comparative costs of management strategies for neonates with symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(12): 1170-1180.
37. Sengupta A, Beroukhim R, Baird CW, et al. Outcomes of repair of congenital aortic valve lesions using autologous pericardium vs porcine intestinal submucosa. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(11): 1060-1068.
38. Mikami T, Itagaki S, Fujisaki T, et al. Association of donor brain death due to stroke with prognosis after heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(11): 1063-1072.
39. Madan S, Saeed O, Forest SJ, et al. Feasibility and potential impact of heart transplantation from adult donors after circulatory death. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(2): 148-162.
40. Topkara VK, Sayer GT, Clerkin KJ, et al. Recovery with temporary mechanical circulatory support while waitlisted for heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 79(9): 900-913.
41. Clerkin KJ, Topkara VK, Farr MA, et al. Noninvasive physiologic assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy is prognostic for post-transplant events. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(17): 1617-1628.
42. Peyster EG, Janowczyk A, Swamidoss A, et al. Computational analysis of routine biopsies improves diagnosis and prediction of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Circulation, 2022, 145(21): 1563-1577.
43. Anthony C, Imran M, Pouliopoulos J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for rejection surveillance after cardiac transplantation. Circulation, 2022, 145(25): 1811-1824.
44. Di Toro A, Urtis M, Narula N, et al. Impediments to heart transplantation in adults with MELAS (MT-TL1: m. 3243A>G) cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2022, 80(15): 1431-1443.
45. Demirjian S, Bashour CA, Shaw A, et al. Predictive accuracy of a perioperative laboratory test-based prediction model for moderate to severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. JAMA, 2022, 327(10): 956-964.
46. Schlapbach LJ, Gibbons KS, Horton SB, et al. Effect of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass on ventilator-free days in young children undergoing congenital heart disease surgery: The NITRIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(1): 38-47.
47. Shi J, Zhou C, Pan W, et al. Effect of high- vs. low-dose tranexamic acid infusion on need for red blood cell transfusion and adverse events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: The OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(4): 336-347.
48. Pesonen E, Vlasov H, Suojaranta R, et al. Effect of 4% albumin solution vs. ringer acetate on major adverse events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 2022, 328(3): 251-258.
49. Diab M, Lehmann T, Bothe W, et al. Cytokine hemoadsorption during cardiac surgery versus standard surgical care for infective endocarditis (REMOVE): Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Circulation, 2022, 145(13): 959-968.
50. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, et al. 2018 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J, 2018, 39(34): 3165-3241.
51. van Steenbergen GJ, Tsang QHY, van der Heijden OWH, et al. Timing of cardiac surgery during pregnancy: A patient-level meta-analysis. Eur Heart J, 2022, 43(29): 2801-2811.
52. Mentias A, Desai MY, Keshvani N, et al. Ninety-day risk-standardized home time as a performance metric for cardiac surgery hospitals in the United States. Circulation, 2022, 146(17): 1297-1309.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Progress in clinical studies in cardiovascular surgery 2022

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