Interpretation of the progress in esophageal cancer treatment in the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Xuxu ^1,2 , LI Junhai ¹ , XU Xinyao ² , LI Jiahe ² , ZHANG Jipeng ² , LI Wei ² , WANG Lei ³ ,  LU Qiang ²

1. Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, P. R. China;
2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, 710038, P. R. China;
3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xincai People's Hospital of Henan Province, Xincai, 463500, Henan, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LU Qiang, Email: luqiang@fmmu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Esophageal cancer; ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; clinical treatment; interpretation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.202404053

Video：

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The 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium (ASCO-GI) was held in San Francisco, the USA from January 18th to 20th, 2024 (local time). The multiple studies presented in this symposium will have a significant impact on the clinical practice of esophageal cancer. This article will focus on the surgical methods of esophageal cancer, perioperative immunotherapy, drug therapy for advanced esophageal cancer, rescue treatment after immunotherapy resistance, and other relevant aspects. It aims to summarize and interpret the significant advancements in the field of esophageal cancer presented in this symposium.

Citation： ZHANG Xuxu, LI Junhai, XU Xinyao, LI Jiahe, ZHANG Jipeng, LI Wei, WANG Lei, LU Qiang. Interpretation of the progress in esophageal cancer treatment in the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2024, 31(6): 807-813. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.202404053 Copy

1.	Takeuchi H, Ando M, Tsubasa Y, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial comparing thoracoscopic esophagectomy and open esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer: JCOG1409 (MONET trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 40249.
2.	Li Y, Zhou A, Liu S, et al. Comparing a PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced ESCC: A randomized phase Ⅱ clinical trial: A randomized clinical trial of neoadjuvant therapy for ESCC. BMC Med, 2023, 21(1): 86.
3.	Zhang RQ, Song DS, Liu W, et al. Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as preoperative neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Preliminary results from a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(suppl 16): abstr 4064.
4.	Xiao Y, Huoqian L, Yangyi M, et al. Clinical trial of carrelizumab injection combined with operation in the treatment of patients with stageⅡ/Ⅲ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2021, 37: 3323-3325.
5.	Wang J, Sun Y. A phase Ⅱ study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy (cis-platinum plus albumin-paclitaxel/paclitaxel) in neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S852-S886.
6.	Ma J, Liu CZ, Laoguo SH, et al. Anlotinib hydrochloride combined with tislelizumab, paclitaxel liposome, and nedaplatin regimen for preoperative neoadjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer: A single-arm, single-center, phaseⅡexploratory clinical study. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41: e16082.
7.	Karukonda P, Czito BG, Duffy E, et al. Pembrolizumab, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment of malignant esophago-gastric diseases (PROCEED): Assessment of pathologic response and toxicity in a prospective, phase Ⅱ single-arm trial. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41: 462.
8.	Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Xu Y. et al. Tislelizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective, phase Ⅱ clinical study. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S852-S886.
9.	Li Y, Qin JJ, Xue LY, et al. Chemotherapy plus camrelizumab versus chemotherapy alone as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCORT-NEO): A multi-center, randomized phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: LBA244.
10.	Yang Y, Li H, Chen X, et al. Comparison of neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus immunotherapy versus paclitaxel plus immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer, 2023, 14(7): 700-708.
11.	Shitara K, Rha SY, Wyrwicz LS, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-585): An interim analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol, 2024, 25(2): 212-224.
12.	Al-Batran SE, Shitara K, Folprecht G, et al. Pembrolizumab plus FLOT vs FLOT as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Interim analysis of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-585 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 247.
13.	Moehler M, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: 14-month follow-up of CheckMate-577. Poster 1381P. Ann Oncol, 2021, 32(suppl 5): S1040-S1075.
14.	Kato K, Ito Y, Daikoet H, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial comparing two chemotherapy regimens and chemoradiotherapy regimen as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, JCOG1109 NExT study. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40: 238.
15.	Tang H, Wang H, Fang Y, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(2): 163-172.
16.	Shang X, Zhang W, Zhao G, et al. Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomized-controlled, phase Ⅲ clinical study (Keystone-002). Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 831345.
17.	Chen YY, Ding ZY, Yuan Y, et al. Neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with penultima for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): A prospective, single-arm, phase Ⅱ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 352.
18.	Noordman BJ, Verdam MGE, Lagarde SM, et al. Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on health-related quality of life in esophageal or junctional cancer: Results from the randomized CROSS trial. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(3): 268-275.
19.	Low DE, Kuppusamy MK, Alderson D, et al. Benchmarking complications associated with esophagectomy. Ann Surg, 2019, 269(2): 291-298.
20.	Wilk BVD, Eyck BM, Wijnhoven BPL, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus active surveillance for oesophageal cancer (SANO-trial): A phase-Ⅲstepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S1281-S1282.
21.	Yu YK, Meng FY, Wei XF, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2024. Epub ahead of print.
22.	Goetze T, Angermeier S, Debus J, et al. Organ preservation with durvalumab-based immunotherapy in combination with chemoradiation as definitive therapy for early stage, cT1, and cT2N0 esophageal adenocarcinoma with an indication for radical surgery: A prospective, multicenter study of the FLOT-AIO Gastric Cancer Group (IKF-t057/PRESTO trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS431.
23.	U.S. National Library of Medicine. Organ preservation with durvalumab-based immunotherapy in combination with chemoradiation as definitive therapy for early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma with indication for radical surgery. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05713838.
24.	Guo JG, Huang TC, Kuo HY, et al. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with a high risk of recurrence after neoadjuvant CRT plus surgery: A single-arm phase Ⅱ study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 320.
25.	Okunaka M, Kotani D, Satoet K, et al. Safety and short-term efficacy of adjuvant nivolumab after neoadjuvant docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 271.
26.	Satoru Matsuda S, Kita R, Nomuraet M, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲstudy comparing surgery alone versus adjuvant nivolumab versus adjuvant S-1 for locally advanced esophageal cancer with no pathological complete response: JCOG2206 (SUNRISE Trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS417.
27.	Guo CY, Chen SJ, Ye YQ, et al. Anlotinib plus TQB2450 as adjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A phase Ⅱ study (ALTER-E005). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 347.
28.	Ghazy HF, El-Hadaad HA, Wahba HA, et al. Metastatic esophageal carcinoma: Prognostic factors and survival. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2022, 53(2): 446-450.
29.	Kato K, Sun JM, Shah MA, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer: The phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 study. Ann Oncol, 2020, 31(suppl 4): S1142-S1215.
30.	Shah MA, Sun JM, Shen L, et al. First-line pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy (chemo) for advanced esophageal cancer: 5-year outcomes from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 250.
31.	Hsu CH, Lu Z, Gao S, et al. SKYSCRAPER-08: A phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of first-line (1L) tiragolumab (tira)+atezolizumab (atezo) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients (pts) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 245.
32.	Manji GA, Bendell JC, Oh DY, et al. MORPHEUS: A phase Ⅰb/Ⅱ multi-trial platform evaluating the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy (CIT)-based combinations in patients (PTS) with gastric or pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2028, 36: TPS530.
33.	Goodman KA, Xu RH, Chau l, et al. SKYSCRAPER-07: A phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atezolizumab with or without tiragolumab in patients with unresectable ESCC who have not progressed following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40: TPS374.
34.	U.S. National Library of Medicine. A study of atezolizumab with or without tiragolumab in participants with unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma whose cancers have not progressed following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (SKYSCRAPER-07). https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04543617.
35.	Meng XR, Wang JS, Xia J, et al. Camrelizumab plus lapatinib after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CAP 02 re-challenge): A single-arm multicenter, phase Ⅱ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 364.
36.	Li NN, Ge YP, Wang X, et al. A phase 2 study of fruquintinib in combination with S-1 for second-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after first-line immunotherapy failure. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 323.
37.	Rojas C, Ryoo BY, Rhaet SY, et al. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib and belzutifan in patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS425.
38.	U.S. National Library of Medicine. Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in combination with belzutifan in solid tumors (MK-6482-016). https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04976634.

1. Takeuchi H, Ando M, Tsubasa Y, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial comparing thoracoscopic esophagectomy and open esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer: JCOG1409 (MONET trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 40249.
2. Li Y, Zhou A, Liu S, et al. Comparing a PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced ESCC: A randomized phase Ⅱ clinical trial: A randomized clinical trial of neoadjuvant therapy for ESCC. BMC Med, 2023, 21(1): 86.
3. Zhang RQ, Song DS, Liu W, et al. Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as preoperative neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Preliminary results from a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41(suppl 16): abstr 4064.
4. Xiao Y, Huoqian L, Yangyi M, et al. Clinical trial of carrelizumab injection combined with operation in the treatment of patients with stageⅡ/Ⅲ esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chin J Clin Pharmacol, 2021, 37: 3323-3325.
5. Wang J, Sun Y. A phase Ⅱ study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy (cis-platinum plus albumin-paclitaxel/paclitaxel) in neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S852-S886.
6. Ma J, Liu CZ, Laoguo SH, et al. Anlotinib hydrochloride combined with tislelizumab, paclitaxel liposome, and nedaplatin regimen for preoperative neoadjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer: A single-arm, single-center, phaseⅡexploratory clinical study. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41: e16082.
7. Karukonda P, Czito BG, Duffy E, et al. Pembrolizumab, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment of malignant esophago-gastric diseases (PROCEED): Assessment of pathologic response and toxicity in a prospective, phase Ⅱ single-arm trial. J Clin Oncol, 2023, 41: 462.
8. Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Xu Y. et al. Tislelizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective, phase Ⅱ clinical study. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S852-S886.
9. Li Y, Qin JJ, Xue LY, et al. Chemotherapy plus camrelizumab versus chemotherapy alone as neoadjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCORT-NEO): A multi-center, randomized phase Ⅲ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: LBA244.
10. Yang Y, Li H, Chen X, et al. Comparison of neoadjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus immunotherapy versus paclitaxel plus immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer, 2023, 14(7): 700-708.
11. Shitara K, Rha SY, Wyrwicz LS, et al. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-585): An interim analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol, 2024, 25(2): 212-224.
12. Al-Batran SE, Shitara K, Folprecht G, et al. Pembrolizumab plus FLOT vs FLOT as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: Interim analysis of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-585 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 247.
13. Moehler M, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al. Adjuvant nivolumab in resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: 14-month follow-up of CheckMate-577. Poster 1381P. Ann Oncol, 2021, 32(suppl 5): S1040-S1075.
14. Kato K, Ito Y, Daikoet H, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲ trial comparing two chemotherapy regimens and chemoradiotherapy regimen as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, JCOG1109 NExT study. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40: 238.
15. Tang H, Wang H, Fang Y, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by minimally invasive esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective multicenter randomized clinical trial. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(2): 163-172.
16. Shang X, Zhang W, Zhao G, et al. Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomized-controlled, phase Ⅲ clinical study (Keystone-002). Front Oncol, 2022, 12: 831345.
17. Chen YY, Ding ZY, Yuan Y, et al. Neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with penultima for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): A prospective, single-arm, phase Ⅱ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 352.
18. Noordman BJ, Verdam MGE, Lagarde SM, et al. Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on health-related quality of life in esophageal or junctional cancer: Results from the randomized CROSS trial. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(3): 268-275.
19. Low DE, Kuppusamy MK, Alderson D, et al. Benchmarking complications associated with esophagectomy. Ann Surg, 2019, 269(2): 291-298.
20. Wilk BVD, Eyck BM, Wijnhoven BPL, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery versus active surveillance for oesophageal cancer (SANO-trial): A phase-Ⅲstepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. Ann Oncol, 2023, 34(suppl 2): S1281-S1282.
21. Yu YK, Meng FY, Wei XF, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2024. Epub ahead of print.
22. Goetze T, Angermeier S, Debus J, et al. Organ preservation with durvalumab-based immunotherapy in combination with chemoradiation as definitive therapy for early stage, cT1, and cT2N0 esophageal adenocarcinoma with an indication for radical surgery: A prospective, multicenter study of the FLOT-AIO Gastric Cancer Group (IKF-t057/PRESTO trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS431.
23. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Organ preservation with durvalumab-based immunotherapy in combination with chemoradiation as definitive therapy for early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma with indication for radical surgery. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05713838.
24. Guo JG, Huang TC, Kuo HY, et al. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with a high risk of recurrence after neoadjuvant CRT plus surgery: A single-arm phase Ⅱ study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 320.
25. Okunaka M, Kotani D, Satoet K, et al. Safety and short-term efficacy of adjuvant nivolumab after neoadjuvant docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 271.
26. Satoru Matsuda S, Kita R, Nomuraet M, et al. A randomized controlled phase Ⅲstudy comparing surgery alone versus adjuvant nivolumab versus adjuvant S-1 for locally advanced esophageal cancer with no pathological complete response: JCOG2206 (SUNRISE Trial). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS417.
27. Guo CY, Chen SJ, Ye YQ, et al. Anlotinib plus TQB2450 as adjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A phase Ⅱ study (ALTER-E005). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 347.
28. Ghazy HF, El-Hadaad HA, Wahba HA, et al. Metastatic esophageal carcinoma: Prognostic factors and survival. J Gastrointest Cancer, 2022, 53(2): 446-450.
29. Kato K, Sun JM, Shah MA, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer: The phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 study. Ann Oncol, 2020, 31(suppl 4): S1142-S1215.
30. Shah MA, Sun JM, Shen L, et al. First-line pembrolizumab (pembro) plus chemotherapy (chemo) for advanced esophageal cancer: 5-year outcomes from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-590 study. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 250.
31. Hsu CH, Lu Z, Gao S, et al. SKYSCRAPER-08: A phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of first-line (1L) tiragolumab (tira)+atezolizumab (atezo) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients (pts) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 245.
32. Manji GA, Bendell JC, Oh DY, et al. MORPHEUS: A phase Ⅰb/Ⅱ multi-trial platform evaluating the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy (CIT)-based combinations in patients (PTS) with gastric or pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2028, 36: TPS530.
33. Goodman KA, Xu RH, Chau l, et al. SKYSCRAPER-07: A phase Ⅲ, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atezolizumab with or without tiragolumab in patients with unresectable ESCC who have not progressed following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy. J Clin Oncol, 2022, 40: TPS374.
34. U.S. National Library of Medicine. A study of atezolizumab with or without tiragolumab in participants with unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma whose cancers have not progressed following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (SKYSCRAPER-07). https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04543617.
35. Meng XR, Wang JS, Xia J, et al. Camrelizumab plus lapatinib after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CAP 02 re-challenge): A single-arm multicenter, phase Ⅱ trial. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 364.
36. Li NN, Ge YP, Wang X, et al. A phase 2 study of fruquintinib in combination with S-1 for second-line treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after first-line immunotherapy failure. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: 323.
37. Rojas C, Ryoo BY, Rhaet SY, et al. Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib and belzutifan in patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol, 2024, 42: TPS425.
38. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib in combination with belzutifan in solid tumors (MK-6482-016). https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04976634.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Interpretation of the progress in esophageal cancer treatment in the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium

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