Advances of Lymphocinesia in The Abdominal Cavity Infection_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 WANGKe ^1,2 ,  WANGTao ¹

1. Department of General Surgery of PLA, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, China;
2. School of Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China;

Corresponding author：

WANGTao, Email: watopo@163.com

Keywords：

Abdominal cavity infection; Lymphocinesia; Bacterial translocation; Peritoneal lymphatic stomata

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20140186

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To review the advances of lymphocinesia in the abdominal cavity infection. Methods Domestic and foreign literatures about the research of lymphocinesia in the abdominal cavity infection were collected and reviewed. Results Bacterial translocation occurred when abdominal infection happened. At early phase, bacteria and endotoxin translocation could return and arrive the other tissues or organs through the lymphatic system. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata played an important role in lymphatic circulation, with strong absorption function and immune function. Conclusions The theory of lymphatic channels and lymphatic stomata immune pathway is a beneficial supplement to the theory that bacterial and endotoxin can spread to whole body through portal vein pathway, and combination of the 2 kinds of theories can explain the abdominal infection-related systematic infection better. Research of abdominal infection intervention which embarked on the lymphatic pathways would be a promising field.

Citation： WANGKe, WANGTao. Advances of Lymphocinesia in The Abdominal Cavity Infection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2014, 21(6): 778-781. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20140186 Copy

1.	David C, Sabiston JR著.王德炳,杜如昱,周孝思,等译.克氏外科学[M].第15版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000:218-220.
2.	Tuomisto S, Pessi T, Collin P, et al.Changes in gut bacterial populations and their translocation into liver and ascites in alcoholic liver cirrhotics[J].BMC Gastroenterol, 2014, 14(1):40.
3.	Wolochow H, Hildebrand GJ, Lamanna C.Translocation of microorganisms across the intestinal wall of the rat:effect of microbial size and concentration[J].J Infect Dis, 1966, 116(4):523-528.
4.	徐军,郑亮亮,梁璐.高渗盐溶液对肠缺血/再灌注损伤兔肠屏障功能保护的时相性研究[J].中华危重病急救医学, 2013, 25(6):365-368.
5.	Round JL, Mazmanian SK.The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease[J].Nat Rev Immunol, 2009, 9(5):313-323.
6.	王宏刚,张伟,朱维铭,等.多黏菌素E诱导肠道菌群失调对肠屏障功能和细菌易位的影响[J].肠外与肠内营养, 2012, 19(2):102-106.
7.	Turner JR.Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease[J].Nat Rev Immunol, 2009, 9(11):799-809.
8.	Deitch EA.Bacterial translocation or lymphatic drainage of toxic products from the gut:what is important in human beings?[J].Surgery, 2002, 131(3):241-244.
9.	Son JY, Chandler B, Feketova E, et al.Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph[J].J Surg Res, 2014, 187(1):270-277.
10.	Hassoun HT, Kone BC, Mercer DW, et al.Post-injury multiple organ failure:the role of the gut[J].Shock, 2001, 15(1):1-10.
11.	Sambol J, Deitch EA, Takimoto K, et al.Cellular basis of burninduced cardiac dysfunction and prevention by mesenteric lymph duct ligation[J].J Surg Res, 2013, 183(2):678-685.
12.	Lee MA, Yatani A, Sambol JT, et al.Role of gut-lymph factors in the induction of burn-induced and trauma-shock-induced acute heart failure[J].Int J Clin Exp Med, 2008, 1(2):171-180.
13.	Olofsson P, Nylander G, Olsson P.Endotoxin:routes of transport in experimental peritonitis[J].Am J Surg, 1986, 151(4):443-446.
14.	Israil AM, Palade R, Chifiriuc MC, et al.Spectrum, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of bacterial infections complicating severe acute pancreatitis[J].Chirurgia (Bucur), 2012, 106(6):743-752.
15.	Tsilibary EC, Wissig SL.Absorption from the peritoneal cavity:SEM study of the mesothelium covering the peritoneal surface of the muscular portion of the diaphragm[J].Am J Anat, 1977, 149(1):127-133.
16.	Wang J, Wang Z, Yu H, et al.The discovery of lymphatic stomata and its ultrastructure in mouse tunica vaginalis[J].J Pediatr Surg, 2012, 47(11):2087-2092.
17.	Wang ZB, Li M, Li JC.Recent advances in the research of lymphatic stomata[J].Anat Rec (Hoboken), 2010, 293(5):754-761.
18.	Leak LV, Rahil K.Permeability of the diaphragmatic mesothelium:the ultrastructural basis for "stomata"[J].Am J Anat, 1978, 151(4):557-593.
19.	Wang J, Ping Z, Jiang T, et al.Ultrastructure of lymphatic stomata in the tunica vaginalis of humans[J].Microsc Microanal, 2013, 19(6):1405-1409.
20.	Akay S, Ozutemiz O, Kilic M, et al.Reabsorption of ascites and the factors that affect this process in cirrhosis[J].Transl Res, 2008, 152(4):157-164.
21.	Li J, Lu Z, Wu N, et al.A scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing morphometric study of the pharmacological regulation of patency of the peritoneal stomata[J].Ann Anat, 1996, 178(5):443-447.
22.	Li J, Zhao Z, Zhou J, et al.A study of the three-dimensional organization of the human diaphragmatic lymphatic lacunae and lymphatic drainage units[J].Ann Anat, 1996, 178(6):537-544.
23.	Li J, Jiang B.A scanning electron microscopic study on threedimensional organization of human diaphragmatic lymphatics[J].Funct Dev Morphol, 1993, 3(2):129-132.
24.	熊忠太,唐成,黄崇政.调营饮对小鼠S180肝癌腹水模型腹膜淋巴孔直径、面积、周长及密度的影响[J].中国医疗前沿, 2012, 7(17):17-18.
25.	Marco AJ, Domingo M, Ruberte J, et al.Lymphatic drainage of Listeria monocytogenes and Indian ink inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse[J].Lab Anim, 1992, 26(3):200-205.
26.	Li J.Study on the peritoneal stomata and absorptive mechanism of ascites[J].Chin Med Sci J, 1992, 14(5):328-333.
27.	Liu XY, Miao ZF, Zhao TT, et al.Milky spot macrophages remodeled by gastric cancer cells promote peritoneal mesothelial cell injury[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 439(3):378-383.
28.	Li M, Zhou TH, Gao Y, et al.Ultrastructure and estrogen regulation of the lymphatic stomata of ovarian bursa in mice[J].Anat Rec, 2007, 290(10):1195-1202.
29.	Li YY, Li JC.Cell signal transduction mechanism for nitric oxide regulating lymphatic stomata and its draining capability[J].Anat Rec, 2008, 291(2):216-223.
30.	Clark R, Krishnan V, Schoof M, et al.Milky spots promote ovarian cancer metastatic colonization of peritoneal adipose in experimental models[J].Am J Pathol, 2013, 183(2):576-591.
31.	Takemori N, Hirai K, Onodera R, et al.Light and electron microscope study of splenoportal milky spots in New Zealand black mice:comparison between splenoportal milky spots and aberrant spleens[J].J Anat, 1995, 186(Pt 2):287-299.
32.	Cao L, Hu X, Zhang Y, et al.Omental milky spots in screening gastric cancer stem cells[J].Neoplasma, 2011, 58(1):20-26.
33.	Li YY, Li JC.Ultrastructure and three-dimensional study of the lymphatic stomata in the costal pleura of the rabbit[J].Microsc Res Tech, 2003, 62(3):240-246.
34.	Shimotsuma M, Takahashi T, Kawata M, et al.Cellular subsets of the milky spots in the human greater omentum[J].Cell Tissue Res, 1991, 264(3):599-601.
35.	孙备,冀亮.重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔感染的治疗策略[J].临床外科杂志, 2013, 21(1):11-13.
36.	Sharma R, Young C, Neu J.Molecular modulation of intestinal epithelial barrier:contribution of microbiota[J].J Biomed Biotechnol, 2010, 2010:305879.

1. David C, Sabiston JR著.王德炳,杜如昱,周孝思,等译.克氏外科学[M].第15版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2000:218-220.
2. Tuomisto S, Pessi T, Collin P, et al.Changes in gut bacterial populations and their translocation into liver and ascites in alcoholic liver cirrhotics[J].BMC Gastroenterol, 2014, 14(1):40.
3. Wolochow H, Hildebrand GJ, Lamanna C.Translocation of microorganisms across the intestinal wall of the rat:effect of microbial size and concentration[J].J Infect Dis, 1966, 116(4):523-528.
4. 徐军,郑亮亮,梁璐.高渗盐溶液对肠缺血/再灌注损伤兔肠屏障功能保护的时相性研究[J].中华危重病急救医学, 2013, 25(6):365-368.
5. Round JL, Mazmanian SK.The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease[J].Nat Rev Immunol, 2009, 9(5):313-323.
6. 王宏刚,张伟,朱维铭,等.多黏菌素E诱导肠道菌群失调对肠屏障功能和细菌易位的影响[J].肠外与肠内营养, 2012, 19(2):102-106.
7. Turner JR.Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease[J].Nat Rev Immunol, 2009, 9(11):799-809.
8. Deitch EA.Bacterial translocation or lymphatic drainage of toxic products from the gut:what is important in human beings?[J].Surgery, 2002, 131(3):241-244.
9. Son JY, Chandler B, Feketova E, et al.Oral pretreatment with recombinant human lactoferrin limits trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut injury and the biological activity of mesenteric lymph[J].J Surg Res, 2014, 187(1):270-277.
10. Hassoun HT, Kone BC, Mercer DW, et al.Post-injury multiple organ failure:the role of the gut[J].Shock, 2001, 15(1):1-10.
11. Sambol J, Deitch EA, Takimoto K, et al.Cellular basis of burninduced cardiac dysfunction and prevention by mesenteric lymph duct ligation[J].J Surg Res, 2013, 183(2):678-685.
12. Lee MA, Yatani A, Sambol JT, et al.Role of gut-lymph factors in the induction of burn-induced and trauma-shock-induced acute heart failure[J].Int J Clin Exp Med, 2008, 1(2):171-180.
13. Olofsson P, Nylander G, Olsson P.Endotoxin:routes of transport in experimental peritonitis[J].Am J Surg, 1986, 151(4):443-446.
14. Israil AM, Palade R, Chifiriuc MC, et al.Spectrum, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of bacterial infections complicating severe acute pancreatitis[J].Chirurgia (Bucur), 2012, 106(6):743-752.
15. Tsilibary EC, Wissig SL.Absorption from the peritoneal cavity:SEM study of the mesothelium covering the peritoneal surface of the muscular portion of the diaphragm[J].Am J Anat, 1977, 149(1):127-133.
16. Wang J, Wang Z, Yu H, et al.The discovery of lymphatic stomata and its ultrastructure in mouse tunica vaginalis[J].J Pediatr Surg, 2012, 47(11):2087-2092.
17. Wang ZB, Li M, Li JC.Recent advances in the research of lymphatic stomata[J].Anat Rec (Hoboken), 2010, 293(5):754-761.
18. Leak LV, Rahil K.Permeability of the diaphragmatic mesothelium:the ultrastructural basis for "stomata"[J].Am J Anat, 1978, 151(4):557-593.
19. Wang J, Ping Z, Jiang T, et al.Ultrastructure of lymphatic stomata in the tunica vaginalis of humans[J].Microsc Microanal, 2013, 19(6):1405-1409.
20. Akay S, Ozutemiz O, Kilic M, et al.Reabsorption of ascites and the factors that affect this process in cirrhosis[J].Transl Res, 2008, 152(4):157-164.
21. Li J, Lu Z, Wu N, et al.A scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing morphometric study of the pharmacological regulation of patency of the peritoneal stomata[J].Ann Anat, 1996, 178(5):443-447.
22. Li J, Zhao Z, Zhou J, et al.A study of the three-dimensional organization of the human diaphragmatic lymphatic lacunae and lymphatic drainage units[J].Ann Anat, 1996, 178(6):537-544.
23. Li J, Jiang B.A scanning electron microscopic study on threedimensional organization of human diaphragmatic lymphatics[J].Funct Dev Morphol, 1993, 3(2):129-132.
24. 熊忠太,唐成,黄崇政.调营饮对小鼠S180肝癌腹水模型腹膜淋巴孔直径、面积、周长及密度的影响[J].中国医疗前沿, 2012, 7(17):17-18.
25. Marco AJ, Domingo M, Ruberte J, et al.Lymphatic drainage of Listeria monocytogenes and Indian ink inoculated in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse[J].Lab Anim, 1992, 26(3):200-205.
26. Li J.Study on the peritoneal stomata and absorptive mechanism of ascites[J].Chin Med Sci J, 1992, 14(5):328-333.
27. Liu XY, Miao ZF, Zhao TT, et al.Milky spot macrophages remodeled by gastric cancer cells promote peritoneal mesothelial cell injury[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013, 439(3):378-383.
28. Li M, Zhou TH, Gao Y, et al.Ultrastructure and estrogen regulation of the lymphatic stomata of ovarian bursa in mice[J].Anat Rec, 2007, 290(10):1195-1202.
29. Li YY, Li JC.Cell signal transduction mechanism for nitric oxide regulating lymphatic stomata and its draining capability[J].Anat Rec, 2008, 291(2):216-223.
30. Clark R, Krishnan V, Schoof M, et al.Milky spots promote ovarian cancer metastatic colonization of peritoneal adipose in experimental models[J].Am J Pathol, 2013, 183(2):576-591.
31. Takemori N, Hirai K, Onodera R, et al.Light and electron microscope study of splenoportal milky spots in New Zealand black mice:comparison between splenoportal milky spots and aberrant spleens[J].J Anat, 1995, 186(Pt 2):287-299.
32. Cao L, Hu X, Zhang Y, et al.Omental milky spots in screening gastric cancer stem cells[J].Neoplasma, 2011, 58(1):20-26.
33. Li YY, Li JC.Ultrastructure and three-dimensional study of the lymphatic stomata in the costal pleura of the rabbit[J].Microsc Res Tech, 2003, 62(3):240-246.
34. Shimotsuma M, Takahashi T, Kawata M, et al.Cellular subsets of the milky spots in the human greater omentum[J].Cell Tissue Res, 1991, 264(3):599-601.
35. 孙备,冀亮.重症急性胰腺炎并发腹腔感染的治疗策略[J].临床外科杂志, 2013, 21(1):11-13.
36. Sharma R, Young C, Neu J.Molecular modulation of intestinal epithelial barrier:contribution of microbiota[J].J Biomed Biotechnol, 2010, 2010:305879.

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Advances of Lymphocinesia in The Abdominal Cavity Infection

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