Study of Establishing of Pig Abdomen Bullet Wound Model in Seawater Immersion Condition and Its Injury Characteristics_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 LINLi-ying , HUANGGuo-liang , ZHANGZai-zhong , JIANGYi-fan , LINXiao-wen ,  WANGLie

Department of General Surgery, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian Province, China;

Corresponding author：

WANGLie, Email: fzptwk@163.com

Keywords：

Seawater immersion; Abdomen bullet wound; Animal model

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.20160048

Video：

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Objective To establish pig abdomen bullet wound model in seawater immersion condition and to analyze injury characteristics. Methods Twenty Xishuangbanna pigs were randomly divided into seawater immersion group and control group,with 10 in each group.The left lower quadrant anti McBurney point of the pig semi-floating in the seawater was shot by using domestic 81-1 assault rifle at the distance of 10 meters,which were salvaged out of seawater at 60 minutes after injury in the seawater immersion group.The pigs in the control group were treated same as the seawater immersion group except seawater immersion.The mean arterial pressure (MAP),rectal temperature (RT),heart rate (HR),respiratory (R),white blood cell count (WBC),and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested at 1 h,4 h,8 h after injury.The death of pig was observed. Results The pig abdomen bullet wound models in the seawater immersion condition were successfully established.① Compared with the control group,the MAP and RT were significantly decreased at 1 h,4 h,8 h after injury,the HR or the R was significantly decreased at 4 h or 8 h after injury respectively in the seawater immersion group.② Compared with the normal value,the WBC obviously rose at 4 h and 8 h after injury,the CRP obviously rose at 1 h,4 h,and 8 h after injury in both two groups.Compared with the control group,the WBCs were significantly increased at 4 h and 8 h after injury (P<0.05),the CRPs were significantly increased at 1 h,4 h,and 8 h after injury (P<0.05) in the seawater immersion group.③ The mortality in the seawater immersion group (50%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (20%,P<0.05). Conclusion The injury is more serious,the infection time is earlier,and the infection degree is aggravated,the mortality rate is higher for pig abdomen bullet wound model in seawater immersion condition.

Citation： LINLi-ying, HUANGGuo-liang, ZHANGZai-zhong, JIANGYi-fan, LINXiao-wen, WANGLie. Study of Establishing of Pig Abdomen Bullet Wound Model in Seawater Immersion Condition and Its Injury Characteristics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2016, 23(2): 182-185. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.20160048 Copy

1.	王育红, 鹿尔驯, 虞积耀, 等. 腹部开放性损伤犬经海水浸泡后血液动力学及病理学的变化. 中华外科杂志, 2000, 38(9):700-702.
2.	张树华. 登岛作战卫勤保障//周世伟. 军队卫生勤务学. 北京:军事医学科学出版社, 2010:271-287.
3.	刘建仓, 陆松敏, 贾后军, 等. 低温海水浸泡失血性休克大鼠血液动力学变化. 创伤外科杂志, 2000, 2(2):93-96.
4.	Chatzoulis G, Papachristos IC, Daliakopoulos SI, et al. Septic shock with tension fecothorax as a delayed presentation of a gunshot diaphragmatic rupture. J Thorac Dis, 2013, 5(5):E195-E198.
5.	Eryılmaz M, Tezel O, Taş H, et al. The relationship between Injury Severity Scores and transfusion requirements of 108 consecutive cases injured with high kinetic energy weapons:a tertiary center end-mode mortality analysis. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg, 2014, 20(1):39-44.
6.	李欣, 吴姗珊. 腹部开放伤后海水浸泡对实验犬肠屏障功能的影响. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志, 2010, 17(5):261-265.
7.	鲁云敏. 渡海登陆海上作战伤员救护难点及对策. 西南国防医药, 2005, 15(3):335-336.
8.	李培进, 李云波, 毛军文. 诺曼底登陆战盟军卫勤保障经验(下). 人民军医, 2006, 49(9):501-502.
9.	Wang P, Ding W, Gong G, et al. Temporary rapid bowel ligation as a damage control adjunct improves survival in a hypothermic traumatic shock swine model with multiple bowel perforations. J Surg Res, 2013, 179(1):e157-e165.
10.	Ji W, Ding W, Liu X, et al. Intraintestinal drainage as a damage control surgery adjunct in a hypothermic traumatic shock swine model with multiple bowel perforations. J Surg Res, 2014, 192(1):170-176.
11.	王志伟, 吴印爱, 刘献棠, 等. 腹腔开放伤并海水浸泡血气酸碱有关指标的变化分析. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志, 2003, 9(3):15-18.
12.	朱雄伟, 史伟雄, 李兆申, 等. 海水浸泡伤大鼠胃黏膜和血浆中神经激肽A和降钙素基因相关肽的动态变化. 中国病理生理杂志, 2007, 23(7):1419-1421.
13.	Barton JC, Acton RT. Hemochromatosis and vibrio vulnificus wound infections. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2009, 43(9):890-893.
14.	Kumar A, Takada Y, Boriek AM, et al. Nuclear factor-kappaB:its role in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl), 2004, 82(7):434-448.
15.	Hu XH, Duan YY, Li Y, et al. Early responses of VEGF during acute lung injury induced by seawater immersion after open chest trauma. Respiration, 2010, 79(6):490-496.
16.	Liu P, Peng XL, Liu JC, et al. Surgical treatment for rabbits' femoral arteries subjected to gunshot wounds combining with seawater immersion. Chin J Traumatol, 2005, 8(5):311-316.
17.	Lu SM, Liu JC, Shi CH, et al. Effects of seawater immersion on the functions of mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte in hemorrhagic shock rats. Chin J Traumatol, 2006, 9(1):38-42.
18.	Yan H, Lai XN, Ge HJ. Comparative study on effects of burn-blast combined injury and burn-firearm combined injury complicated with seawater immersion on vascular endothelial cells. Chin J Traumatol, 2005, 8(3):147-150.
19.	Wladis A, Hahn RG, Brismar B, et al. Induced hypothermia after high-energy soft-tissue injury and subsequent hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2002, 17(2):120-126.
20.	Zhang J, Wang W, Chen W, et al. Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass in canines with penetrating cardiac wounds caused by gunshot. Emerg Med J, 2007, 24(11):764-768.
21.	Glapa M, Zorio M, Snyckers FD, et al. Gunshot wounds to the head in civilian practice. Am Surg, 2009, 75(3):223-226.
22.	黄宏, 王正国, 周萍, 等. 海水浸泡伤道骨骼肌组织的超微结构变化. 创伤外科杂志, 2001, 3(3):200-203.
23.	赵灵, 唐三元, 高树梓, 等. 严重开放性多发伤合并海水浸泡伤的早期救治. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2007, 16(7):760-762.
24.	Fu X, Tian H, Wang D, et al. Multiple organ injuries and failures caused by shock and reperfusion after gunshot wounds. J Trauma, 1996, 40(3 Suppl):S135-S139.

1. 王育红, 鹿尔驯, 虞积耀, 等. 腹部开放性损伤犬经海水浸泡后血液动力学及病理学的变化. 中华外科杂志, 2000, 38(9):700-702.
2. 张树华. 登岛作战卫勤保障//周世伟. 军队卫生勤务学. 北京:军事医学科学出版社, 2010:271-287.
3. 刘建仓, 陆松敏, 贾后军, 等. 低温海水浸泡失血性休克大鼠血液动力学变化. 创伤外科杂志, 2000, 2(2):93-96.
4. Chatzoulis G, Papachristos IC, Daliakopoulos SI, et al. Septic shock with tension fecothorax as a delayed presentation of a gunshot diaphragmatic rupture. J Thorac Dis, 2013, 5(5):E195-E198.
5. Eryılmaz M, Tezel O, Taş H, et al. The relationship between Injury Severity Scores and transfusion requirements of 108 consecutive cases injured with high kinetic energy weapons:a tertiary center end-mode mortality analysis. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg, 2014, 20(1):39-44.
6. 李欣, 吴姗珊. 腹部开放伤后海水浸泡对实验犬肠屏障功能的影响. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志, 2010, 17(5):261-265.
7. 鲁云敏. 渡海登陆海上作战伤员救护难点及对策. 西南国防医药, 2005, 15(3):335-336.
8. 李培进, 李云波, 毛军文. 诺曼底登陆战盟军卫勤保障经验(下). 人民军医, 2006, 49(9):501-502.
9. Wang P, Ding W, Gong G, et al. Temporary rapid bowel ligation as a damage control adjunct improves survival in a hypothermic traumatic shock swine model with multiple bowel perforations. J Surg Res, 2013, 179(1):e157-e165.
10. Ji W, Ding W, Liu X, et al. Intraintestinal drainage as a damage control surgery adjunct in a hypothermic traumatic shock swine model with multiple bowel perforations. J Surg Res, 2014, 192(1):170-176.
11. 王志伟, 吴印爱, 刘献棠, 等. 腹腔开放伤并海水浸泡血气酸碱有关指标的变化分析. 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志, 2003, 9(3):15-18.
12. 朱雄伟, 史伟雄, 李兆申, 等. 海水浸泡伤大鼠胃黏膜和血浆中神经激肽A和降钙素基因相关肽的动态变化. 中国病理生理杂志, 2007, 23(7):1419-1421.
13. Barton JC, Acton RT. Hemochromatosis and vibrio vulnificus wound infections. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2009, 43(9):890-893.
14. Kumar A, Takada Y, Boriek AM, et al. Nuclear factor-kappaB:its role in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl), 2004, 82(7):434-448.
15. Hu XH, Duan YY, Li Y, et al. Early responses of VEGF during acute lung injury induced by seawater immersion after open chest trauma. Respiration, 2010, 79(6):490-496.
16. Liu P, Peng XL, Liu JC, et al. Surgical treatment for rabbits' femoral arteries subjected to gunshot wounds combining with seawater immersion. Chin J Traumatol, 2005, 8(5):311-316.
17. Lu SM, Liu JC, Shi CH, et al. Effects of seawater immersion on the functions of mitochondria of myocardium and hepatocyte in hemorrhagic shock rats. Chin J Traumatol, 2006, 9(1):38-42.
18. Yan H, Lai XN, Ge HJ. Comparative study on effects of burn-blast combined injury and burn-firearm combined injury complicated with seawater immersion on vascular endothelial cells. Chin J Traumatol, 2005, 8(3):147-150.
19. Wladis A, Hahn RG, Brismar B, et al. Induced hypothermia after high-energy soft-tissue injury and subsequent hemorrhagic shock. Shock, 2002, 17(2):120-126.
20. Zhang J, Wang W, Chen W, et al. Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass in canines with penetrating cardiac wounds caused by gunshot. Emerg Med J, 2007, 24(11):764-768.
21. Glapa M, Zorio M, Snyckers FD, et al. Gunshot wounds to the head in civilian practice. Am Surg, 2009, 75(3):223-226.
22. 黄宏, 王正国, 周萍, 等. 海水浸泡伤道骨骼肌组织的超微结构变化. 创伤外科杂志, 2001, 3(3):200-203.
23. 赵灵, 唐三元, 高树梓, 等. 严重开放性多发伤合并海水浸泡伤的早期救治. 中华急诊医学杂志, 2007, 16(7):760-762.
24. Fu X, Tian H, Wang D, et al. Multiple organ injuries and failures caused by shock and reperfusion after gunshot wounds. J Trauma, 1996, 40(3 Suppl):S135-S139.

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Study of Establishing of Pig Abdomen Bullet Wound Model in Seawater Immersion Condition and Its Injury Characteristics

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