1. |
Fraenkel M, Kim MK, Faggiano A, et al. Epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 26(6): 691-703.
|
2. |
Bosman F, Carneiro F, Hruban R, et al. WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system. Lyon: IARC Press, 2010: 100-155.
|
3. |
Yao JC, Hassan M, Phan A, et al. One hundred years after ‘carcinoid’: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35, 825 cases in the United States. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26(18): 3063-3072.
|
4. |
Oberg K, Akerström G, Rindi G, et al. ESMO guideline working group. Neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol, 2010, 21 Suppl 5: v223-v227.
|
5. |
Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Chan A, et al. The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2011, 40(1): 1-18.
|
6. |
Turaga KK, Kvols LK. Recent progress in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. CA Cancer J Clin, 2011, 61(2): 112-132.
|
7. |
Heller MT, Shah AB. Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. Radiol Clin North Am, 2011, 49(3): 529-548.
|
8. |
Chang S, Choi D, Lee SJ, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: classification, pathologic basis, and imaging features. Radiographics, 2007, 27(6): 1667-1679.
|
9. |
Ito T, Sasano H, Tanaka M, et al. Epidemiological study of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Japan. J Gastroenterol, 2010, 45(2): 234-243.
|
10. |
郭林杰, 唐承薇. 中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤临床研究现状分析. 胃肠病学, 2012, 17(5): 276-278.
|
11. |
唐承薇, 郭林杰. 我国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤临床现状分析. 中国实用外科杂志, 2014, 34(6): 490-492.
|
12. |
Schott M, Klöppel G, Raffel A, et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2011, 108(18): 305-312.
|
13. |
Obernorfer S. Karzinoide tumoren des dunndarms. Frankf Z Patrol, 1907, 1(1): 426-432.
|
14. |
Chetty R. An overview of practical issues in the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2008, 132(8): 1285-1289.
|
15. |
Campana D, Nori F, Poscotelli L, et al. Chromogranin A: is it a useful marker of neuroendocrine tumors? J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(15): 1967-1973.
|
16. |
Zatelli MC, Torta M, Leon A, et al. Chromogranin A as a marker of neuroendocrine neoplasia: an Italian multicenter study. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2007, 14(2): 473-482.
|
17. |
张瑞晓, 王琦, 武希润, 等. 胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤 112 例临床特点分析. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2015, 9(15): 2803-2807.
|
18. |
何云飞, 张念如, 冯仕庭, 等. 胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的影像诊断进展. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2012, 35(1): 53-58.
|
19. |
Wang D, Zhang GB, Yan L, et al. CT and enhanced CT in diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas. Abdom Imaging, 2012, 37(5): 738-745.
|
20. |
Armbruster M, Sourbron S, Haug A, et al. Evaluation of neuroendocrine liver metastases: a comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Invest Radiol, 2014, 49(1): 7-14.
|
21. |
Tamm EP, Kim EE, Ng CS. Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 2007, 21(3): 409-432.
|
22. |
Elsayes KM, Menias CO, Bowerson M, et al. Imaging of carcinoid tumors: spectrum of findings with pathologic and clinical correlation. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2011, 35(1): 72-80.
|
23. |
Alexandraki KI, Kaltsas G. Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: new insights in the diagnosis and therapy. Endocrine, 2012, 41(1): 40-52.
|
24. |
Singh S, Asa SL, Dey C, et al. Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: an evidence-based Canadian consensus. Cancer Treat Rev, 2016, 47: 32-45.
|
25. |
Ruszniewski P, Delle Fave G, Cadiot G, et al. Well-differentiated gastric tumors/carcinomas. Neuroendocrinology, 2006, 84(3): 158-164.
|