原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的诊治难点及策略_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 樊友本 , 孙滨 , 邓先兆 , 康杰 , 郭伯敏 , 伍波

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院普外科上海交通大学甲状腺疾病诊治中心（上海 200233）;

Corresponding author：

樊友本, Email: fanyouben2006@163.com

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201709053

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Citation： 樊友本, 孙滨, 邓先兆, 康杰, 郭伯敏, 伍波. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的诊治难点及策略. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2017, 24(10): 1186-1190. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201709053 Copy

1.	中国医师协会外科医师分会甲状腺外科医师委员会. 甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺保护专家共识. 中国实用外科杂志, 2015, 35(7): 731-736.0.
2.	Gunasekaran S, Wallace H, Snowden C, et al. Parathyroid ectopia: development of a surgical algorithm based on operative findings. J Laryngol Otol, 2015, 129(11): 1115-1120.
3.	Akerström G, Malmaeus J, Bergström R. Surgical anatomy of human parathyroid glands. Surgery, 1984, 95(1): 14-21.
4.	Arnault V, Beaulieu A, Lifante JC, et al. Multicenter study of 19 aortopulmonary window parathyroid tumors: the challenge of embryologic origin. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2211-2216.
5.	Chan TJ, Libutti SK, McCart JA, et al. Persistent primary hyperparathyroidism caused by adenomas identified in pharyngeal or adjacent structures. World J Surg, 2003, 27(6): 675-679.
6.	Lappas D, Noussios G, Anagnostis P, et al. Location, number and morphology of parathyroid glands: results from a large anatomical series. Anat Sci Int, 2012, 87(3): 160-164.
7.	Pawlik TM, Richards M, Giordano TJ, et al. Identification and management of intravagal parathyroid adenoma. World J Surg, 2001, 25(4): 419-423.
8.	李征. ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT-CT 显像在纵隔内异位甲状旁腺诊治中的应用价值. 检验医学与临床, 2015, 12(6): 765-767.0.
9.	管珩, 李沛, 朱预, 等. 异位甲状旁腺功能亢进症的外科治疗—66 例报告. 中华普通外科杂志, 2014, 29(6): 455-459.0.
10.	Abu Abeeleh M, Bani Hani A, Ghaith A, et al. Aortopulmonary ectopic parathyroid gland and concurrent thymolipoma. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2016, 24(8): 822-824.
11.	Siddiqi MS, Al Badai Y, Al Kemyani NA, et al. Combined transcervical and thoracoscopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma resection. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2016, 24(6): 593-596.
12.	Yeh MW, Wiseman JE, Chu SD, et al. Population-level predictors of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, 2011, 150(6): 1113-1119.
13.	Venkat R, Kouniavsky G, Tufano RP, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. World J Surg, 2012, 36(1): 55-60.
14.	Nawrot I, Chudziński W, Ciąćka T, et al. Reoperations for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism: results of a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral center. Med Sci Monit, 2014, 20: 1604-1612.
15.	Henry JF. Reoperation for primary hyperparathyroidism: tips and tricks. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2010, 395(2): 103-109.
16.	Mehta A, Patel D, Rosenberg A, et al. Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: Results of operative management. Surgery, 2014, 156(6): 1315-1325.
17.	Grant CS, Thompson G, Farley D, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism surgical management since the introduction of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: Mayo Clinic experience. Arch Surg, 2005, 140(5): 472-479.
18.	Wang TS, Udelsman R. Remedial surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Adv Surg, 2007, 41: 1-15.
19.	Cetani F, Pardi E, Marcocci C. Update on parathyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest, 2016, 39(6): 595-606.
20.	Aloia JF. Clinical review: The 2011 report on dietary reference intake for vitamin D: where do we go from here? J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(10): 2987-2996.
21.	Titon I, Cailleux-Bounacer A, Basuyau JP, et al. Evaluation of a standardized short-time calcium suppression test in healthy subjects: interest for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007, 157(3): 351-357.
22.	Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014, 99(10): 3561-3569.
23.	Lowell AJ, Bushman NM, Wang X, et al. Assessing the risk of hypercalcemic crisis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. J Surg Res, 2017, 217: 252-257.
24.	Kasperk C. Hypercalcemic crisis and hypocalcemic tetany. Internist (Berl), 2017 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s00108-017-0311-3. [Epub ahead of print].
25.	Yokomoto M, Minamoto M, Utsunomiya D, et al. Hypercalcemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism occurring concomitantly with Graves' disease. Intern Med, 2015, 54(7): 813-818.
26.	Singh DN, Gupta SK, Kumari N, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as hypercalcemic crisis: Twenty-year experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 19(1): 100-105.
27.	Chen K, Xie Y, Zhao L, et al. Hyperthyroidism-associated hypercalcemic crisis: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(4): e6017.
28.	Gradwohl-Matis I, Franzen M, Seelmaier C, et al. Renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation as an effective method to treat hypercalcemic crisis. ASAIO J, 2015, 61(2): 219-223.
29.	Ahmad S, Kuraganti G, Steenkamp D. Hypercalcemic crisis: a clinical review. Am J Med, 2015, 128(3): 239-245.
30.	Zhao L, Liu JM, He XY, et al. The changing clinical patterns of primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese patients: data from 2000 to 2010 in a single clinical center. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013, 98(2): 721-728.
31.	Jung KY, Hong AR, Lee DH, et al. The natural history and hip geometric changes of primary hyperparathyroidism without parathyroid surgery. J Bone Miner Metab, 2017, 35(3): 278-288.
32.	Cansu GB, Yılmaz N, Özdem S, et al. Parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism reduces carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2016, 84(1): 39-47.
33.	Calò PG, Pisano G, Loi G, et al. Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with preoperatively negative sestamibi scan and discordant imaging studies: the usefulness of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes, 2013, 6: 63-67.
34.	Boi F, Lombardo C, Cocco MC, et al. Thyroid diseases cause mismatch between MIBI scan and neck ultrasound in the diagnosis of hyperfunctioning parathyroids: usefulness of FNA-PTH assay. Eur J Endocrinol, 2012, 168(1): 49-58.
35.	Elaraj DM, Sippel RS, Lindsay S, et al. Are additional localization studies and referral indicated for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who have negative sestamibi scan results? Arch Surg, 2010, 145(6): 578-581.
36.	Richards ML, Thompson GB, Farley DR, et al. Reoperative parathyroidectomy in 228 patients during the era of minimal-access surgery and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Am J Surg, 2008, 196(6): 937-9423.
37.	Yen TW, Wang TS, Doffek KM, et al. Reoperative parathyroidectomy: an algorithm for imaging and monitoring of intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels that results in a successful focused approach. Surgery, 2008, 144(4): 611-621.
38.	Rajaei MH, Oltmann SC, Schneider DF, et al. Outcomes after subtotal parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism due to hyperplasia: significance of whole vs. partial gland remnant. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(3): 966-971.
39.	Jäger MD, Emmanouilidis N, Jackobs S, et al. Presence of small parathyroid glands in renal transplant patients supports less-than-total parathyroidectomy to treat hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, 2014, 155(1): 22-32.
40.	邓先兆, 伍波, 钟春林, 等. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的多学科联合诊治 120 例. 上海医学, 2012, 35(11): 931-934.0.

1. 中国医师协会外科医师分会甲状腺外科医师委员会. 甲状腺手术中甲状旁腺保护专家共识. 中国实用外科杂志, 2015, 35(7): 731-736.0.
2. Gunasekaran S, Wallace H, Snowden C, et al. Parathyroid ectopia: development of a surgical algorithm based on operative findings. J Laryngol Otol, 2015, 129(11): 1115-1120.
3. Akerström G, Malmaeus J, Bergström R. Surgical anatomy of human parathyroid glands. Surgery, 1984, 95(1): 14-21.
4. Arnault V, Beaulieu A, Lifante JC, et al. Multicenter study of 19 aortopulmonary window parathyroid tumors: the challenge of embryologic origin. World J Surg, 2010, 34(9): 2211-2216.
5. Chan TJ, Libutti SK, McCart JA, et al. Persistent primary hyperparathyroidism caused by adenomas identified in pharyngeal or adjacent structures. World J Surg, 2003, 27(6): 675-679.
6. Lappas D, Noussios G, Anagnostis P, et al. Location, number and morphology of parathyroid glands: results from a large anatomical series. Anat Sci Int, 2012, 87(3): 160-164.
7. Pawlik TM, Richards M, Giordano TJ, et al. Identification and management of intravagal parathyroid adenoma. World J Surg, 2001, 25(4): 419-423.
8. 李征. ^99mTc-MIBI SPECT-CT 显像在纵隔内异位甲状旁腺诊治中的应用价值. 检验医学与临床, 2015, 12(6): 765-767.0.
9. 管珩, 李沛, 朱预, 等. 异位甲状旁腺功能亢进症的外科治疗—66 例报告. 中华普通外科杂志, 2014, 29(6): 455-459.0.
10. Abu Abeeleh M, Bani Hani A, Ghaith A, et al. Aortopulmonary ectopic parathyroid gland and concurrent thymolipoma. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2016, 24(8): 822-824.
11. Siddiqi MS, Al Badai Y, Al Kemyani NA, et al. Combined transcervical and thoracoscopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma resection. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, 2016, 24(6): 593-596.
12. Yeh MW, Wiseman JE, Chu SD, et al. Population-level predictors of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, 2011, 150(6): 1113-1119.
13. Venkat R, Kouniavsky G, Tufano RP, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. World J Surg, 2012, 36(1): 55-60.
14. Nawrot I, Chudziński W, Ciąćka T, et al. Reoperations for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism: results of a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral center. Med Sci Monit, 2014, 20: 1604-1612.
15. Henry JF. Reoperation for primary hyperparathyroidism: tips and tricks. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2010, 395(2): 103-109.
16. Mehta A, Patel D, Rosenberg A, et al. Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: Results of operative management. Surgery, 2014, 156(6): 1315-1325.
17. Grant CS, Thompson G, Farley D, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism surgical management since the introduction of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: Mayo Clinic experience. Arch Surg, 2005, 140(5): 472-479.
18. Wang TS, Udelsman R. Remedial surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Adv Surg, 2007, 41: 1-15.
19. Cetani F, Pardi E, Marcocci C. Update on parathyroid carcinoma. J Endocrinol Invest, 2016, 39(6): 595-606.
20. Aloia JF. Clinical review: The 2011 report on dietary reference intake for vitamin D: where do we go from here? J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(10): 2987-2996.
21. Titon I, Cailleux-Bounacer A, Basuyau JP, et al. Evaluation of a standardized short-time calcium suppression test in healthy subjects: interest for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007, 157(3): 351-357.
22. Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2014, 99(10): 3561-3569.
23. Lowell AJ, Bushman NM, Wang X, et al. Assessing the risk of hypercalcemic crisis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. J Surg Res, 2017, 217: 252-257.
24. Kasperk C. Hypercalcemic crisis and hypocalcemic tetany. Internist (Berl), 2017 Aug 23. doi: 10.1007/s00108-017-0311-3. [Epub ahead of print].
25. Yokomoto M, Minamoto M, Utsunomiya D, et al. Hypercalcemic crisis due to primary hyperparathyroidism occurring concomitantly with Graves' disease. Intern Med, 2015, 54(7): 813-818.
26. Singh DN, Gupta SK, Kumari N, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting as hypercalcemic crisis: Twenty-year experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 2015, 19(1): 100-105.
27. Chen K, Xie Y, Zhao L, et al. Hyperthyroidism-associated hypercalcemic crisis: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(4): e6017.
28. Gradwohl-Matis I, Franzen M, Seelmaier C, et al. Renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation as an effective method to treat hypercalcemic crisis. ASAIO J, 2015, 61(2): 219-223.
29. Ahmad S, Kuraganti G, Steenkamp D. Hypercalcemic crisis: a clinical review. Am J Med, 2015, 128(3): 239-245.
30. Zhao L, Liu JM, He XY, et al. The changing clinical patterns of primary hyperparathyroidism in Chinese patients: data from 2000 to 2010 in a single clinical center. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013, 98(2): 721-728.
31. Jung KY, Hong AR, Lee DH, et al. The natural history and hip geometric changes of primary hyperparathyroidism without parathyroid surgery. J Bone Miner Metab, 2017, 35(3): 278-288.
32. Cansu GB, Yılmaz N, Özdem S, et al. Parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism reduces carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2016, 84(1): 39-47.
33. Calò PG, Pisano G, Loi G, et al. Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with preoperatively negative sestamibi scan and discordant imaging studies: the usefulness of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes, 2013, 6: 63-67.
34. Boi F, Lombardo C, Cocco MC, et al. Thyroid diseases cause mismatch between MIBI scan and neck ultrasound in the diagnosis of hyperfunctioning parathyroids: usefulness of FNA-PTH assay. Eur J Endocrinol, 2012, 168(1): 49-58.
35. Elaraj DM, Sippel RS, Lindsay S, et al. Are additional localization studies and referral indicated for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who have negative sestamibi scan results? Arch Surg, 2010, 145(6): 578-581.
36. Richards ML, Thompson GB, Farley DR, et al. Reoperative parathyroidectomy in 228 patients during the era of minimal-access surgery and intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Am J Surg, 2008, 196(6): 937-9423.
37. Yen TW, Wang TS, Doffek KM, et al. Reoperative parathyroidectomy: an algorithm for imaging and monitoring of intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels that results in a successful focused approach. Surgery, 2008, 144(4): 611-621.
38. Rajaei MH, Oltmann SC, Schneider DF, et al. Outcomes after subtotal parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism due to hyperplasia: significance of whole vs. partial gland remnant. Ann Surg Oncol, 2015, 22(3): 966-971.
39. Jäger MD, Emmanouilidis N, Jackobs S, et al. Presence of small parathyroid glands in renal transplant patients supports less-than-total parathyroidectomy to treat hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism. Surgery, 2014, 155(1): 22-32.
40. 邓先兆, 伍波, 钟春林, 等. 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的多学科联合诊治 120 例. 上海医学, 2012, 35(11): 931-934.0.

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原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的诊治难点及策略

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