The progress of association between estrogen metabolites and postmenopausal breast cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

LI Li ,  ZUO Huaiquan

Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

ZUO Huaiquan, Email: 13982772996@163.com

Keywords：

postmenopausal breast cancer; estrogen metabolites; dual function; early diagnosis; treatment; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201802026

Video：

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Objective To summarize the research progress of postmenopausal breast cancer and estrogen metabolites, which is aimed at providing the basis for early diagnosis and early treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer, at the same time, providing beneficial information for the future study. Methods In recent years, the literatures about postmenopausal breast cancer and estrogen metabolites were reviewed from the databases of WanFang, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, and so on, to make an review. Results Estrogen metabolites had a dual role for postmenopausal breast cancer, such as 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 2-methoxyestrone1 (2-MeOE1), and 4-methoxyestrone1 (4-MeOE1) played a protective role for postmenopausal breast cancer, but 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1) and 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) played a carcinogenic role for postmenopausal breast cancer, so it needed to be further studied. Conclusions Estrogen metabolites may be a reliable predictor for the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, it is not only to provide clues for the mechanism of postmenopausal breast cancer, but also provide new train of thought for early diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer.

Citation： LI Li, ZUO Huaiquan. The progress of association between estrogen metabolites and postmenopausal breast cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(9): 1146-1150. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201802026 Copy

1.	余之刚. 应重视我国乳腺癌的预防. 中华医学杂志, 2010, 90(8): 505-507.
2.	Alghamdi IG, Al-Ghamdi GM. The incidence rate of female breast cancer in England, United Kingdom: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from National Statistics Office 2000-2014. Am J Res Commun, 2017, 5(7): 1-30.
3.	Guo J, Sueta A, Nakamura K, et al. Genetic and environmental factors and serum hormones, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(39): 65759-65769.
4.	Missmer SA, Eliassen AH, Barbieri RL, et al. Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2004, 96(24): 1856-1865.
5.	Blair IA. Analysis of estrogens in serum and plasma from postmenopausal women: past present, and future. Steroids, 2010, 75(4-5): 297-306.
6.	Reed MJ, Murray MAF. The oestrogens//Gray CH, James VHT. Hormones in blood, vol. 3. London: Academic Press, 1979: 263-353.
7.	Reed MJ, Purohit A. Breast cancer and the role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: an emerging hypothesis. Endocr Rev, 1997, 18(5): 701-715.
8.	May FE. Novel drugs that target the estrogen-related receptor alpha: their therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2014, 6: 225-252.
9.	Frank A, Brown LM, Clegg DJ. The role of hypothalamic estrogen receptors in metabolic regulation. Front Neuroendocrinol, 2014, 35(4): 550-557.
10.	Li Z, Luu-The V, Poisson-Paré D, et al. Expression of enzymes involved in synthesis and metabolism of estradiol in human breast as studied by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Histol Histopathol, 2009, 24(3): 273-282.
11.	Peterson A, Xia Z, Chen G, et al. In vitro metabolism of exemestane by hepatic cytochrome P450s: impact of nonsynonymous polymorphisms on formation of the active metabolite 17b-dihydroexemestane. Pharmacol Res Perspect, 2017, 5(3): 1-16.
12.	Yager JD. Endogenous estrogens as carcinogens through metabolic activation. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 2000, 27: 67-73.
13.	Yue W, Santen RJ, Wang JP, et al. Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2003, 86(3-5): 477-486.
14.	Cavalieri E, Rogan E. Catechol quinones of estrogens in the initiation of breast, prostate, and other human cancers: keynote lecture. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2006, 1089(1): 286-301.
15.	Yager JD, Davidson NE. Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(3): 270-282.
16.	Chaube R, Rawat A, Inbaraj RM, et al. Identification and characterization of a catechol-o-methyltransferase cDNA in the catfish heteropneustes fossilis: tissue, sex and seasonal variations, and effects of gonadotropin and 2-hydroxyestradiol-17β on mRNA expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2017, 246: 129-141.
17.	Zhou X, Zheng Z, Xu C, et al. Disturbance of mammary UDP-glucuronosyltransferase represses estrogen metabolism and exacerbates experimental breast cancer. J Pharm Sci, 2017, 106(8): 2152-2162.
18.	罗丽雅, 陈进萍. 血清雌激素水平及硫酸雌酮和雌酮比与绝经后乳腺浸润性导管癌患者孕激素和 EGFR2 受体关系研究. 现代诊断与治疗, 2017, 28(6): 1003-1005.
19.	Baker JM, Al-Nakkash L, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Estrogen-gut microbiome axis: physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas, 2017, 103(7): 45-53.
20.	黄江. 乳腺癌生物样本中内源性雌激素的代谢轮廓以及代谢组学的 LC-MS/MS 分析方法研究. 北京: 北京协和医学院, 2011.
21.	Seeger H, Wallwiener D, Kraemer E, et al. Comparison of possible carcinogenic estradiol metabolites: effects on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. Maturitas, 2006, 54(1): 72-77.
22.	Li G, Sepkovic DW, Bradlow HL, et al. Lycium barbarum inhibits growth of estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells by favorably altering estradiol metabolism. Nutr Cancer, 2009, 61(3): 408-414.
23.	李焰, 厉红元, 闵捷, 等. 绝经后患者雌酮及其代谢物与乳腺癌的相关性. 重庆医科大学学报, 2012, 37(5): 401-404.
24.	Falk RT, Brinton LA, Dorgan JF, et al. Relationship of serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites to postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res, 2013, 15(2): R34.
25.	Oh H, Coburn SB, Matthews CE, et al. Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 28.
26.	刘登辉, 刘红光, 康颖, 等. 2-甲氧基雌二醇对乳腺癌 MCF-7 细胞 HIF-1α、CXCR4、VEGF 表达的影响. 现代生物医学进展, 2013, 13(8): 1430-1434.
27.	刘颖. 2-甲氧基雌二醇的研究进展. 哈尔滨医药, 2011, 31(3): 212-213.
28.	惠英. 乳癌发病机制的初步探讨: 儿茶酚雌激素硫酸化和甲基化的关系及一氧化氮对雌激素硫酸化的影响. 北京: 中国协和医科大学, 2008.
29.	Gestl SA, Green MD, Shearer DA, et al. Expression of UGT2B7, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase implicated in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyestrone and all-trans retinoic acid, in normal human breast parenchyma and in invasive and in situ breast cancers. Am J Pathol, 2002, 160(4): 1467-1479.
30.	Lewis JS, Thomas TJ, Pestell RG, et al. Differential effects of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol on cyclin D1 involving the transcription factor ATF-2 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Mol Endocrinol, 2005, 34(1): 91-105.
31.	Dallal CM, Tice JA, Buist DS, et al. Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a case-cohort study within B~FIT. Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(2): 346-355.
32.	Guillemette C, Bélanger A, Lépine J. Metabolic inactivation of estrogens in breast tissue by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: an overview. Breast Cancer Res, 2004, 6(6): 246-254.
33.	Yager JD. Mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis: the role of E2/E1-quinone metabolites suggests new approaches to preventive intervention-a review. Steroids, 2015, 99(Pt A): 56-60.
34.	Santen RJ, Yue W, Wang JP. Estrogen metabolites and breast cancer. Steroids, 2015, 99(Pt A): 61-66.
35.	Schneider J, Kinne D, Fracchia A, et al. Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1982, 79(9): 3047-3051.
36.	Lemon HM. Endocrine influences on human mammary cancer formation. A critique. Cancer, 1969, 23(4): 781-790.
37.	MacMahon B, Cole P, Brown J. Etiology of human breast cancer: a review. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1973, 50(1): 21-42.
38.	Bradlow HL, Davis DL, Lin G, et al. Effects of pesticides on the ratio of 16 alpha/2-hydroxyestrone: a biologic marker of breast cancer risk. Environ Health Perspect, 1995, 103 Suppl 7: 147-150.
39.	Arslan AA, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, et al. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009, 18(8): 2273-2279.
40.	Arslan AA, Koenig KL, Lenner P, et al. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2014, 23(7): 1290-1297.
41.	Mackey RH, Fanelli TJ, Modugno F, et al. Hormone therapy, estrogen metabolism, and risk of breast cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2012, 21(11): 2022-2032.

1. 余之刚. 应重视我国乳腺癌的预防. 中华医学杂志, 2010, 90(8): 505-507.
2. Alghamdi IG, Al-Ghamdi GM. The incidence rate of female breast cancer in England, United Kingdom: an observational descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from National Statistics Office 2000-2014. Am J Res Commun, 2017, 5(7): 1-30.
3. Guo J, Sueta A, Nakamura K, et al. Genetic and environmental factors and serum hormones, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(39): 65759-65769.
4. Missmer SA, Eliassen AH, Barbieri RL, et al. Endogenous estrogen, androgen, and progesterone concentrations and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2004, 96(24): 1856-1865.
5. Blair IA. Analysis of estrogens in serum and plasma from postmenopausal women: past present, and future. Steroids, 2010, 75(4-5): 297-306.
6. Reed MJ, Murray MAF. The oestrogens//Gray CH, James VHT. Hormones in blood, vol. 3. London: Academic Press, 1979: 263-353.
7. Reed MJ, Purohit A. Breast cancer and the role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: an emerging hypothesis. Endocr Rev, 1997, 18(5): 701-715.
8. May FE. Novel drugs that target the estrogen-related receptor alpha: their therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Cancer Manag Res, 2014, 6: 225-252.
9. Frank A, Brown LM, Clegg DJ. The role of hypothalamic estrogen receptors in metabolic regulation. Front Neuroendocrinol, 2014, 35(4): 550-557.
10. Li Z, Luu-The V, Poisson-Paré D, et al. Expression of enzymes involved in synthesis and metabolism of estradiol in human breast as studied by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Histol Histopathol, 2009, 24(3): 273-282.
11. Peterson A, Xia Z, Chen G, et al. In vitro metabolism of exemestane by hepatic cytochrome P450s: impact of nonsynonymous polymorphisms on formation of the active metabolite 17b-dihydroexemestane. Pharmacol Res Perspect, 2017, 5(3): 1-16.
12. Yager JD. Endogenous estrogens as carcinogens through metabolic activation. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 2000, 27: 67-73.
13. Yue W, Santen RJ, Wang JP, et al. Genotoxic metabolites of estradiol in breast: potential mechanism of estradiol induced carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2003, 86(3-5): 477-486.
14. Cavalieri E, Rogan E. Catechol quinones of estrogens in the initiation of breast, prostate, and other human cancers: keynote lecture. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2006, 1089(1): 286-301.
15. Yager JD, Davidson NE. Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 2006, 354(3): 270-282.
16. Chaube R, Rawat A, Inbaraj RM, et al. Identification and characterization of a catechol-o-methyltransferase cDNA in the catfish heteropneustes fossilis: tissue, sex and seasonal variations, and effects of gonadotropin and 2-hydroxyestradiol-17β on mRNA expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol, 2017, 246: 129-141.
17. Zhou X, Zheng Z, Xu C, et al. Disturbance of mammary UDP-glucuronosyltransferase represses estrogen metabolism and exacerbates experimental breast cancer. J Pharm Sci, 2017, 106(8): 2152-2162.
18. 罗丽雅, 陈进萍. 血清雌激素水平及硫酸雌酮和雌酮比与绝经后乳腺浸润性导管癌患者孕激素和 EGFR2 受体关系研究. 现代诊断与治疗, 2017, 28(6): 1003-1005.
19. Baker JM, Al-Nakkash L, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Estrogen-gut microbiome axis: physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas, 2017, 103(7): 45-53.
20. 黄江. 乳腺癌生物样本中内源性雌激素的代谢轮廓以及代谢组学的 LC-MS/MS 分析方法研究. 北京: 北京协和医学院, 2011.
21. Seeger H, Wallwiener D, Kraemer E, et al. Comparison of possible carcinogenic estradiol metabolites: effects on proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of human breast cancer cells. Maturitas, 2006, 54(1): 72-77.
22. Li G, Sepkovic DW, Bradlow HL, et al. Lycium barbarum inhibits growth of estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells by favorably altering estradiol metabolism. Nutr Cancer, 2009, 61(3): 408-414.
23. 李焰, 厉红元, 闵捷, 等. 绝经后患者雌酮及其代谢物与乳腺癌的相关性. 重庆医科大学学报, 2012, 37(5): 401-404.
24. Falk RT, Brinton LA, Dorgan JF, et al. Relationship of serum estrogens and estrogen metabolites to postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study. Breast Cancer Res, 2013, 15(2): R34.
25. Oh H, Coburn SB, Matthews CE, et al. Anthropometric measures and serum estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 28.
26. 刘登辉, 刘红光, 康颖, 等. 2-甲氧基雌二醇对乳腺癌 MCF-7 细胞 HIF-1α、CXCR4、VEGF 表达的影响. 现代生物医学进展, 2013, 13(8): 1430-1434.
27. 刘颖. 2-甲氧基雌二醇的研究进展. 哈尔滨医药, 2011, 31(3): 212-213.
28. 惠英. 乳癌发病机制的初步探讨: 儿茶酚雌激素硫酸化和甲基化的关系及一氧化氮对雌激素硫酸化的影响. 北京: 中国协和医科大学, 2008.
29. Gestl SA, Green MD, Shearer DA, et al. Expression of UGT2B7, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase implicated in the metabolism of 4-hydroxyestrone and all-trans retinoic acid, in normal human breast parenchyma and in invasive and in situ breast cancers. Am J Pathol, 2002, 160(4): 1467-1479.
30. Lewis JS, Thomas TJ, Pestell RG, et al. Differential effects of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone and 2-methoxyestradiol on cyclin D1 involving the transcription factor ATF-2 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Mol Endocrinol, 2005, 34(1): 91-105.
31. Dallal CM, Tice JA, Buist DS, et al. Estrogen metabolism and breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women: a case-cohort study within B~FIT. Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(2): 346-355.
32. Guillemette C, Bélanger A, Lépine J. Metabolic inactivation of estrogens in breast tissue by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes: an overview. Breast Cancer Res, 2004, 6(6): 246-254.
33. Yager JD. Mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis: the role of E2/E1-quinone metabolites suggests new approaches to preventive intervention-a review. Steroids, 2015, 99(Pt A): 56-60.
34. Santen RJ, Yue W, Wang JP. Estrogen metabolites and breast cancer. Steroids, 2015, 99(Pt A): 61-66.
35. Schneider J, Kinne D, Fracchia A, et al. Abnormal oxidative metabolism of estradiol in women with breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1982, 79(9): 3047-3051.
36. Lemon HM. Endocrine influences on human mammary cancer formation. A critique. Cancer, 1969, 23(4): 781-790.
37. MacMahon B, Cole P, Brown J. Etiology of human breast cancer: a review. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1973, 50(1): 21-42.
38. Bradlow HL, Davis DL, Lin G, et al. Effects of pesticides on the ratio of 16 alpha/2-hydroxyestrone: a biologic marker of breast cancer risk. Environ Health Perspect, 1995, 103 Suppl 7: 147-150.
39. Arslan AA, Shore RE, Afanasyeva Y, et al. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2009, 18(8): 2273-2279.
40. Arslan AA, Koenig KL, Lenner P, et al. Circulating estrogen metabolites and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2014, 23(7): 1290-1297.
41. Mackey RH, Fanelli TJ, Modugno F, et al. Hormone therapy, estrogen metabolism, and risk of breast cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2012, 21(11): 2022-2032.

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The progress of association between estrogen metabolites and postmenopausal breast cancer

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