Expression of souluble CD40L in peripheral blood of patients with different stages of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

 DU Guocheng ¹ , ZHAO Jichun ² , ZHANG Maochun ³ , GUO Li ¹ , YI Wen ¹ , YIN Junming ¹

1. Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P. R. China;
2. Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
3. Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

DU Guocheng, Email: dgc750504@163.com

Keywords：

deep venous thrombosis; soluble cell surface differentiation antigen 40 ligand; inflammatory

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201807036

Video：

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Objective To analyze inducing factors and clinical characteristics of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to explore clinical value of soluble cell surface differentiation antigen 40 ligand (sCD40L) in early diagnosis of DVT. Methods The patients with the DVT of lower extremity who had not received the anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy in the Nanchong Central Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were collected, these patients were divided into an early-acute stage, mid-acute stage, late-acute stage, and subacute stage according to the clinical course of DVT. The sCD40L expression in the peripheral blood of DVT patients were detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were 100 patients with the DVT were included, including 31 cases of early-acute stage, 26 cases of mid-acute stage, 21 cases of late-acute stage, and 22 cases of subacute stage; 66 patients with the peripheral type, 28 patients with the central type, and 6 patients with the mixed type. ① The fracture, malignant tumor, long time in the bed following the thoracic or abdominal operation, joint replacement, and caesarean section were the successively main risk factors of the DVT. ② The early-acute stage of DVT was more common in the fracture patients, the mid- and late-acute stage of DVT often occurred in the joint replacement sufferer, and the subacute stage of DVT was usually found in the malignant tumor patients. ③ The sCD40L expression in the patients with the different stage DVT was signifiantly higher than that in the control group (20 healthy people in the physical examination, P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the different stage DVT patients (F=26.57, P=0.02), that is, the expression of sCD40L was the highest in the early-acute stage of DVT, and then gradually reduced (P<0.05). ④ The sCD40L expression had a significant difference among the central type DVT, mixed type DVT, and peripheral type DVT (F=12.51, P=0.02), which in the peripheral type DVT was significantly higher than that of the central type DVT (P<0.05) and mixed type DVT (P<0.05), but had no difference between the central type DVT and the mixed type DVT (P>0.05). Conclusion sCD40L might act as a blood index of early diagnosis and judgement of extent of DVT, especially be helpful in early-acute stage of DVT.

Citation： DU Guocheng, ZHAO Jichun, ZHANG Maochun, GUO Li, YI Wen, YIN Junming. Expression of souluble CD40L in peripheral blood of patients with different stages of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(12): 1454-1458. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201807036 Copy

1.	Aloui C, Prigent A, Sut C, et al. The signaling role of CD40 ligand in platelet biology and in platelet component transfusion. Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(12): 22342-22364.
2.	中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组. 深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南 (第三版). 中国血管外科杂志 (电子版), 2017, 9(4): 250-257.
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6.	Lee LH, Gallus A, Jindal R, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Asian populations: a systematic review. Thromb Haemost, 2017, 117(12): 2243-2260.
7.	吴洲鹏, 赵纪春, 马玉奎, 等. 老年人静脉血栓栓塞症的研究进展. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2018, 25(8): 1004-1010.
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11.	Khorana AA, Dalal M, Lin J, et al. Incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among ambulatory high-risk cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the United States. Cancer, 2013, 119(3): 648-655.
12.	Buesing KL, Mullapudi B, Flowers KA. Deep venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Surg Clin North Am, 2015, 95(2): 285-300.
13.	Brouwer JL, Bijl M, Veeger NJ, et al. The contribution of inherited and acquired thrombophilic defects, alone or combined with antiphospholipid antibodies, to venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood, 2004, 104(1): 143-148.
14.	Souza FF, Otero HJ, Erturk M, et al. Venous thrombosis in an outpatient oncologic center: distribution, type, and comorbidities. Ultrasound Q, 2009, 25(3): 145-150.
15.	Chen F, Xiong JX, Zhou WM. Differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese deep vein thrombosis patients. Phlebology, 2015, 30(4): 242-248.
16.	Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism. Front Pediatr, 2018, 6: 142.
17.	Memon AA, Sundquist K, PirouziFard M, et al. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for deep venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol, 2018, 181(3): 378-385.
18.	von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med, 2012, 209(4): 819-835.
19.	Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, et al. Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol, 2007, 7(9): 678-689.
20.	Giesen PL, Rauch U, Bohrmann B, et al. Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999, 96(5): 2311-2315.
21.	Müller I, Klocke A, Alex M, et al. Intravascular tissue factor initiates coagulation via circulating microvesicles and platelets. FASEB J, 2003, 17(3): 476-478.
22.	Papayannopoulos V, Zychlinsky A. NETs: a new strategy for using old weapons. Trends Immunol, 2009, 30(11): 513-521.
23.	Fuchs TA, Bhandari AA, Wagner DD. Histones induce rapid and profound thrombocytopenia in mice. Blood, 2011, 118(13): 3708-3714.
24.	Kambas K, Mitroulis I, Apostolidou E, et al. Autophagy mediates the delivery of thrombogenic tissue factor to neutrophil extracellular traps in human sepsis. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9): e45427.
25.	Aloui C, Prigent A, Sut C, et al. The signaling role of CD40 ligand in platelet biology and in platelet component transfusion. Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(12): 22342-22364.

1. Aloui C, Prigent A, Sut C, et al. The signaling role of CD40 ligand in platelet biology and in platelet component transfusion. Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(12): 22342-22364.
2. 中华医学会外科学分会血管外科学组. 深静脉血栓形成的诊断和治疗指南 (第三版). 中国血管外科杂志 (电子版), 2017, 9(4): 250-257.
3. White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation, 2003, 107(23 Suppl 1): I4-I8.
4. Grosse SD, Nelson RE, Nyarko KA, et al. The economic burden of incident venous thromboembolism in the United States: A review of estimated attributable healthcare costs. Thromb Res, 2016, 137: 3-10.
5. Brahmandam A, Abougergi MS, Ochoa Chaar CI. National trends in hospitalizations for venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 2017, 5(5): 621-629.
6. Lee LH, Gallus A, Jindal R, et al. Incidence of venous thromboembolism in Asian populations: a systematic review. Thromb Haemost, 2017, 117(12): 2243-2260.
7. 吴洲鹏, 赵纪春, 马玉奎, 等. 老年人静脉血栓栓塞症的研究进展. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2018, 25(8): 1004-1010.
8. Stein PD, Hull RD, Patel KC, et al. Venous thromboembolic disease: comparison of the diagnostic process in men and women. Arch Intern Med, 2003, 163(14): 1689-1694.
9. Geerts WH. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in high-risk patients. Haematologica, 1997, 61(9): 496-502.
10. Khorana AA, Dalal MR, Lin J, et al. Health care costs associated with venous thromboembolism in selected high-risk ambulatory patients with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy in the United States. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res, 2013, 5: 101-108.
11. Khorana AA, Dalal M, Lin J, et al. Incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among ambulatory high-risk cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in the United States. Cancer, 2013, 119(3): 648-655.
12. Buesing KL, Mullapudi B, Flowers KA. Deep venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Surg Clin North Am, 2015, 95(2): 285-300.
13. Brouwer JL, Bijl M, Veeger NJ, et al. The contribution of inherited and acquired thrombophilic defects, alone or combined with antiphospholipid antibodies, to venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood, 2004, 104(1): 143-148.
14. Souza FF, Otero HJ, Erturk M, et al. Venous thrombosis in an outpatient oncologic center: distribution, type, and comorbidities. Ultrasound Q, 2009, 25(3): 145-150.
15. Chen F, Xiong JX, Zhou WM. Differences in limb, age and sex of Chinese deep vein thrombosis patients. Phlebology, 2015, 30(4): 242-248.
16. Branchford BR, Carpenter SL. The role of inflammation in venous thromboembolism. Front Pediatr, 2018, 6: 142.
17. Memon AA, Sundquist K, PirouziFard M, et al. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for deep venous thrombosis. Br J Haematol, 2018, 181(3): 378-385.
18. von Brühl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, et al. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med, 2012, 209(4): 819-835.
19. Ley K, Laudanna C, Cybulsky MI, et al. Getting to the site of inflammation: the leukocyte adhesion cascade updated. Nat Rev Immunol, 2007, 7(9): 678-689.
20. Giesen PL, Rauch U, Bohrmann B, et al. Blood-borne tissue factor: another view of thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1999, 96(5): 2311-2315.
21. Müller I, Klocke A, Alex M, et al. Intravascular tissue factor initiates coagulation via circulating microvesicles and platelets. FASEB J, 2003, 17(3): 476-478.
22. Papayannopoulos V, Zychlinsky A. NETs: a new strategy for using old weapons. Trends Immunol, 2009, 30(11): 513-521.
23. Fuchs TA, Bhandari AA, Wagner DD. Histones induce rapid and profound thrombocytopenia in mice. Blood, 2011, 118(13): 3708-3714.
24. Kambas K, Mitroulis I, Apostolidou E, et al. Autophagy mediates the delivery of thrombogenic tissue factor to neutrophil extracellular traps in human sepsis. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9): e45427.
25. Aloui C, Prigent A, Sut C, et al. The signaling role of CD40 ligand in platelet biology and in platelet component transfusion. Int J Mol Sci, 2014, 15(12): 22342-22364.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Expression of souluble CD40L in peripheral blood of patients with different stages of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis

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