A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZHANG Yanqin ¹ ,  YU Jianqun ²

1. West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

YU Jianqun, Email: cjr.yujianqun@vip.163.com

Keywords：

contrast-enhanced spectral mammography; diagnosis; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201808080

Video：

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Objective To summarize the basic principles, techniques, and clinical applications of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM).Methods The literatures about CESM in recent years were collected to make an review.Results CESM had a low energy image and subtracted image, could provide both morphology information and enhancement characteristics of breast lesions. CESM had been adopted in some clinical applications, such as problem solving of inconclusive findings, preoperative evaluation of tumor extent, and assessing residual malignancy after neoadjuvant systemic therapy.Conclusion CESM has equal clinical value with MRI, but it needs short examination time, and lead to easy accessibility and fewer cost, which might be a suitable alternative in the department that do not have MRI.

Citation： ZHANG Yanqin, YU Jianqun. A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2018, 25(12): 1511-1514. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201808080 Copy

1.	Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Looman CW, et al. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet, 2003, 361(9367): 1411-1417.
2.	Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC, et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 138(3): 168-175.
3.	Bird RE, Wallace TW, Yankaskas BC. Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. Radiology, 1992, 184(3): 613-617.
4.	Lobbes MB, Smidt ML, Houwers J, et al. Contrast enhanced mammography: techniques, current results, and potential indications. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(9): 935-944.
5.	Patel BK, Lobbes MBI, Lewin J. Contrast enhanced spectral mammography: a review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2018, 39(1): 70-79.
6.	何之彦, 姚戈虹. 数字化乳腺X线摄影进展: 对比增强双能成像. 肿瘤影像学, 2013, 22(2): 129-131.
7.	Dromain C, Thibault F, Muller S, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results. Eur Radiol, 2011, 21(3): 565-574.
8.	Diekmann F, Freyer M, Diekmann S, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 78(1): 112-121.
9.	Jong RA, Yaffe MJ, Skarpathiotakis M, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience. Radiology, 2003, 228(3): 842-850.
10.	Allec N, Abbaszadeh S, Scott CC, et al. Including the effect of motion artifacts in noise and performance analysis of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography. Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(24): 8405-8425.
11.	Lewin JM, Isaacs PK, Vance V, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital subtraction mammography: feasibility. Radiology, 2003, 229(1): 261-268.
12.	Bushberg JT. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
13.	Dromain C, Balleyguier C, Adler G, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2009, 69(1): 34-42.
14.	Skarpathiotakis M, Yaffe MJ, Bloomquist AK, et al. Development of contrast digital mammography. Med Phys, 2002, 29(10): 2419-2426.
15.	Lalji U, Lobbes M. Contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography: a promising new imaging tool in breast cancer detection. Womens Health (Lond), 2014, 10(3): 289-298.
16.	Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, Sung JS, et al. Bilateral contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography: feasibility and comparison with conventional digital mammography and MR imaging in women with known breast carcinoma. Radiology, 2013, 266(3): 743-751.
17.	Hill ML, Gorelikov I, Niroui F, et al. Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2013, 58(15): 5215.
18.	Bhimani C, Matta D, Roth RG, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: technique, indications, and clinical applications. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 84-88.
19.	Dromain C, Thibault F, Diekmann F, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results of a multireader, multicase study. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(3): R94.
20.	沈茜刚, 周良平, 郑晓静, 等. 对比增强能谱乳腺 X 线摄影的辐射剂量分析. 中国癌症杂志, 2017, 27(12): 940-945.
21.	Jeukens CR, Lalji UC, Meijer E, et al. Radiation exposure of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography compared with full-field digital mammography. Invest Radiol, 2014, 49(10): 659-665.
22.	James JR, Pavlicek W, Hanson JA, et al. Breast radiation dose with CESM compared with 2D FFDM and 3D tomosynthesis mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(2): 362-372.
23.	Bhimani C, Li L, Liao L, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: modality-specific artifacts and other factors which may interfere with image quality. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 89-94.
24.	Francescone MA, Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, et al. Low energy mammogram obtained in contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) is comparable to routine full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Eur J Radiol, 2014, 83(8): 1350-1355.
25.	Lalji UC, Houben IPL, Prevos R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in recalls from the Dutch breast cancer screening program: validation of results in a large multireader, multicase study. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(12): 4371-4379.
26.	Houben IPL, Van de Voorde P, Jeukens CRLPN, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as work-up tool in patients recalled from breast cancer screening has low risks and might hold clinical benefits. Eur J Radiol, 2017, 94: 31-37.
27.	Patel BK, Naylor ME, Kosiorek HE, et al. Clinical utility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as an adjunct for tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 44-52.
28.	Cheung YC, Tsai HP, Lo YF, 等. 双能量对比增强光谱乳腺 X 线成像在诊断不伴肿块的乳腺微钙化的临床应用: 初步分析. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2016, 39(3): 334-335.
29.	Patel BK, Garza SA, Eversman S, et al. Assessing tumor extent on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography versus full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 78-84.
30.	Lobbes MB, Lalji UC, Nelemans PJ, et al. The quality of tumor size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and the benefit of additional breast MRI. J Cancer, 2015, 6(2): 144-150.
31.	Fallenberg EM, Dromain C, Diekmann F, 等. 增强光谱钼靶与 MRI 用于乳腺癌检出与肿块大小评估的初步研究. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2014, 37(2): 192.
32.	Helal MH, Mansour SM, Zaglol M, et al. Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know? Br J Radiol, 2017, 90(1071): 20160717.
33.	Helal MH, Mansour SM, Salaleldin LA, et al. The impact of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) and three-dimensional breast ultrasound (3DUS) on the characterization of the disease extend in cancer patients. Br J Radiol, 2018, 91(1087): 20170977.
34.	Ambicka A, Luczynska E, Adamczyk A, et al. The tumour border on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its relation to histological characteristics of invasive breast cancer. Pol J Pathol, 2016, 67(3): 295-299.
35.	Tennant SL, James JJ, Cornford EJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography improves diagnostic accuracy in the symptomatic setting. Clin Radiol, 2016, 71(11): 1148-1155.
36.	Patel BK, Hilal T, Covington M, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is comparable to MRI in the assessment of residual breast cancer following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(5): 1350-1356.
37.	Iotti V, Ravaioli S, Vacondio R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring: a comparison with breast magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 106.
38.	Cheung YC, Lin YC, Wan YL, et al. Diagnostic performance of dual-energy contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography in dense breasts compared to mammography alone: interobserver blind-reading analysis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(10): 2394-2403.

1. Otto SJ, Fracheboud J, Looman CW, et al. Initiation of population-based mammography screening in Dutch municipalities and effect on breast-cancer mortality: a systematic review. Lancet, 2003, 361(9367): 1411-1417.
2. Carney PA, Miglioretti DL, Yankaskas BC, et al. Individual and combined effects of age, breast density, and hormone replacement therapy use on the accuracy of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 138(3): 168-175.
3. Bird RE, Wallace TW, Yankaskas BC. Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. Radiology, 1992, 184(3): 613-617.
4. Lobbes MB, Smidt ML, Houwers J, et al. Contrast enhanced mammography: techniques, current results, and potential indications. Clin Radiol, 2013, 68(9): 935-944.
5. Patel BK, Lobbes MBI, Lewin J. Contrast enhanced spectral mammography: a review. Semin Ultrasound CT MR, 2018, 39(1): 70-79.
6. 何之彦, 姚戈虹. 数字化乳腺X线摄影进展: 对比增强双能成像. 肿瘤影像学, 2013, 22(2): 129-131.
7. Dromain C, Thibault F, Muller S, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results. Eur Radiol, 2011, 21(3): 565-574.
8. Diekmann F, Freyer M, Diekmann S, et al. Evaluation of contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2011, 78(1): 112-121.
9. Jong RA, Yaffe MJ, Skarpathiotakis M, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical experience. Radiology, 2003, 228(3): 842-850.
10. Allec N, Abbaszadeh S, Scott CC, et al. Including the effect of motion artifacts in noise and performance analysis of dual-energy contrast-enhanced mammography. Phys Med Biol, 2012, 57(24): 8405-8425.
11. Lewin JM, Isaacs PK, Vance V, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital subtraction mammography: feasibility. Radiology, 2003, 229(1): 261-268.
12. Bushberg JT. The essential physics of medical imaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.
13. Dromain C, Balleyguier C, Adler G, et al. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography. Eur J Radiol, 2009, 69(1): 34-42.
14. Skarpathiotakis M, Yaffe MJ, Bloomquist AK, et al. Development of contrast digital mammography. Med Phys, 2002, 29(10): 2419-2426.
15. Lalji U, Lobbes M. Contrast-enhanced dual-energy mammography: a promising new imaging tool in breast cancer detection. Womens Health (Lond), 2014, 10(3): 289-298.
16. Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, Sung JS, et al. Bilateral contrast-enhanced dual-energy digital mammography: feasibility and comparison with conventional digital mammography and MR imaging in women with known breast carcinoma. Radiology, 2013, 266(3): 743-751.
17. Hill ML, Gorelikov I, Niroui F, et al. Towards a nanoscale mammographic contrast agent: development of a modular pre-clinical dual optical/x-ray agent. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2013, 58(15): 5215.
18. Bhimani C, Matta D, Roth RG, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: technique, indications, and clinical applications. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 84-88.
19. Dromain C, Thibault F, Diekmann F, et al. Dual-energy contrast-enhanced digital mammography: initial clinical results of a multireader, multicase study. Breast Cancer Res, 2012, 14(3): R94.
20. 沈茜刚, 周良平, 郑晓静, 等. 对比增强能谱乳腺 X 线摄影的辐射剂量分析. 中国癌症杂志, 2017, 27(12): 940-945.
21. Jeukens CR, Lalji UC, Meijer E, et al. Radiation exposure of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography compared with full-field digital mammography. Invest Radiol, 2014, 49(10): 659-665.
22. James JR, Pavlicek W, Hanson JA, et al. Breast radiation dose with CESM compared with 2D FFDM and 3D tomosynthesis mammography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2017, 208(2): 362-372.
23. Bhimani C, Li L, Liao L, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography: modality-specific artifacts and other factors which may interfere with image quality. Acad Radiol, 2017, 24(1): 89-94.
24. Francescone MA, Jochelson MS, Dershaw DD, et al. Low energy mammogram obtained in contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) is comparable to routine full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Eur J Radiol, 2014, 83(8): 1350-1355.
25. Lalji UC, Houben IPL, Prevos R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in recalls from the Dutch breast cancer screening program: validation of results in a large multireader, multicase study. Eur Radiol, 2016, 26(12): 4371-4379.
26. Houben IPL, Van de Voorde P, Jeukens CRLPN, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as work-up tool in patients recalled from breast cancer screening has low risks and might hold clinical benefits. Eur J Radiol, 2017, 94: 31-37.
27. Patel BK, Naylor ME, Kosiorek HE, et al. Clinical utility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography as an adjunct for tomosynthesis-detected architectural distortion. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 44-52.
28. Cheung YC, Tsai HP, Lo YF, 等. 双能量对比增强光谱乳腺 X 线成像在诊断不伴肿块的乳腺微钙化的临床应用: 初步分析. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2016, 39(3): 334-335.
29. Patel BK, Garza SA, Eversman S, et al. Assessing tumor extent on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography versus full-field digital mammography and ultrasound. Clin Imaging, 2017, 46: 78-84.
30. Lobbes MB, Lalji UC, Nelemans PJ, et al. The quality of tumor size assessment by contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and the benefit of additional breast MRI. J Cancer, 2015, 6(2): 144-150.
31. Fallenberg EM, Dromain C, Diekmann F, 等. 增强光谱钼靶与 MRI 用于乳腺癌检出与肿块大小评估的初步研究. 国际医学放射学杂志, 2014, 37(2): 192.
32. Helal MH, Mansour SM, Zaglol M, et al. Staging of breast cancer and the advanced applications of digital mammogram: what the physician needs to know? Br J Radiol, 2017, 90(1071): 20160717.
33. Helal MH, Mansour SM, Salaleldin LA, et al. The impact of contrast-enhanced spectral mammogram (CESM) and three-dimensional breast ultrasound (3DUS) on the characterization of the disease extend in cancer patients. Br J Radiol, 2018, 91(1087): 20170977.
34. Ambicka A, Luczynska E, Adamczyk A, et al. The tumour border on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography and its relation to histological characteristics of invasive breast cancer. Pol J Pathol, 2016, 67(3): 295-299.
35. Tennant SL, James JJ, Cornford EJ, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography improves diagnostic accuracy in the symptomatic setting. Clin Radiol, 2016, 71(11): 1148-1155.
36. Patel BK, Hilal T, Covington M, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is comparable to MRI in the assessment of residual breast cancer following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(5): 1350-1356.
37. Iotti V, Ravaioli S, Vacondio R, et al. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring: a comparison with breast magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res, 2017, 19(1): 106.
38. Cheung YC, Lin YC, Wan YL, et al. Diagnostic performance of dual-energy contrast-enhanced subtracted mammography in dense breasts compared to mammography alone: interobserver blind-reading analysis. Eur Radiol, 2014, 24(10): 2394-2403.

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

A review of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for breast

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