Progress in treatment of triple negative breast cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

XU Renyuan ,  WANG Xiaodong

Derpartment of Breast Surgery, West China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Xiaodong, Email: wxd65112@163.com

Keywords：

triple-negative breast cancer; treatment option; treatment progress

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.201911042

Video：

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Objective To summarize research progress of comprehensive treatment based on gene therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy in recent years in order to improve understanding and treatment level of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).Method The literatures about TNBC treatment in recent 5 years were reviewed and summarized.Results TNBC was more invasive than other types of breast cancer due to its lack of targeted receptors, and its recurrence and metastasis were earlier. The treatment plan was still mainly surgical treatment, supplemented by the chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusions Although recent studies of TNBC in surgical treatment, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy and other aspects have shown a good clinical application prospect, more evidences of clinical trials with large samples are still needed. With the deepening of molecular mechanism research, endocrine therapy and targeted drug therapy, including androgen-receptor-positive, have provided some new ideas for treatment of TNBC.

Citation： XU Renyuan, WANG Xiaodong. Progress in treatment of triple negative breast cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2020, 27(8): 1033-1037. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.201911042 Copy

1.	Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(1): 7-30.
2.	Kumar P, Aggarwal R. An overview of triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2016, 293(2): 247-269.
3.	Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
4.	Zeichner SB, Terawaki H, Gogineni K. A review of systemic treatment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl), 2016, 10: 25-36.
5.	刘雁冰, 杨涛, 张朝蓬, 等. 乳腺癌新辅助化疗后原发肿瘤退缩模式预测列线图的建立. 吉林大学学报 (医学版), 2014, 40(6): 1319-1324.
6.	曹志宇, 何建苗, 杨波, 等. 局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗联合保乳手术的临床疗效观: 附 81 例报告. 解放军医学杂志, 2015, 40(6): 488-491.
7.	吕文芝, 丁波泥, 钱立元, 等. 保留乳房手术对比乳房根治术治疗三阴性乳腺癌疗效的 Meta 分析. 中华乳腺病杂志 (电子版), 2018, 12(5): 276-281.
8.	Gangi A, Chung A, Mirocha J, et al. Breast-conserving therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA Surg, 2014, 149(3): 252-258.
9.	Zumsteg ZS, Morrow M, Arnold B, et al. Breast-conserving therapy achieves locoregional outcomes comparable to mastectomy in women with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(11): 3469-3476.
10.	Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res, 2007, 13(8): 2329-2334.
11.	Wheate NJ, Collins JG. Multi-nuclear platinum complexes as anti-cancer drugs. Coordin Chem Rev, 2017, 241(1-2): 133-145.
12.	Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Balassanian R, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: breast cancer, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2017, 15(4): 433-451.
13.	Shimada H, Ueda S, Saeki T, et al. Neoadjuvant triweekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel followed by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ HER2-negative breast cancer: evaluation of efficacy and safety. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2015, 45(7): 642-649.
14.	Untch M, Jackisch C, Schneeweiss A, et al. Nab-paclitaxel versus solvent-based paclitaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (GeparSepto-GBG 69): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(3): 345-356.
15.	Isakoff SJ, Mayer EL, He L, et al. TBCRC009: A multicenter phase Ⅱ clinical trial of platinum monotherapy with biomarker assessment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(17): 1902-1909.
16.	Litton J, Rugo HS, Ettl J, et al. Abstract GS6-07: A phase 3 trial comparing talazoparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, to physicians’s choice of therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. Cancer Res, 2018, 78(4 Suppl): Abstract GS6-07.
17.	Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: combined analysis of two cohorts. Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(3): 649-657.
18.	Couch FJ, Hart SN, Sharma P, et al. Inherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(4): 304-311.
19.	Tutt A, Robson M, Garber JE, et al. Oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and advanced breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9737): 235-244.
20.	Loibl S, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, et al. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTNess): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(4): 497-509.
21.	Chen L, Zhang J, Chen J, et al. Post-operative radiotherapy is beneficial for T1/T2 triple negative breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(26): 42917-42925.
22.	罗佳宁, 郝春成, 张建鑫, 等. 术后辅助放疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者预后的影响. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2017, 31(5): 411-416.
23.	Kindts I, Buelens P, Laenen A, et al. Omitting radiation therapy in women with triple-negative breast cancer leads to worse breast cancer-specific survival. Breast, 2017, 32: 18-25.
24.	Steward LT, Gao F, Taylor MA, et al. Impact of radiation therapy on survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett, 2014, 7(2): 548-552.
25.	Dirix LY, Takacs I, Jerusalem G, et al. Avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 1b JAVELIN solid tumor study. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2018, 167(3): 671-686.
26.	Nanda R, Chow LQ, Dees EC, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: Phase Ⅰb KEYNOTE-012 study. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(21): 2460-2467.
27.	Adams S, Diamond JR, Hamilton E, et al. Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with 2-year survival follow-up: a phase 1b clinical trial. JAMA Oncol, 2019, 5(3): 334-342.
28.	Ali HR, Glont SE, Blows FM, et al. PD-L1 protein expression in breast cancer is rare, enriched in basal-like tumours and associated with infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(7): 1488-1493.
29.	Mittendorf EA, Philips AV, Meric-Bernstam F, et al. PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res, 2014, 2(4): 361-370.
30.	Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, et al. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 2018, 379(22): 2108-2121.
31.	Schmid P, Chui SY, Emens LA. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Reply. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(10): 987-988.
32.	Cortés J, André F, Gonçalves A, et al. IMpassion132 phase Ⅲ trial: atezolizumab and chemotherapy in early relapsing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol, 2019, 15(17): 1951-1961.
33.	Yang Q, Xu ZH, Zheng LP, et al. Multimodal detection of PD-L1: reasonable biomarkers for immune checkpoint in hibitor. Am J Cancer Res, 2018, 8(9): 1689-1696.
34.	Stringer-Reasor EM, Yang ESH, May JE, et al. An open label, pilot study of veliparib (ABT-888) and lapatinlb in patients with metastatic triple-negative (ER, PR, and HER-2 negative) breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 1095.
35.	Dent R, Im SA, Espie M, et al. Overall survival (OS) update of the double-blind placebo (PBO)-controlled randomized phase 2 LOTUS trial of first-line ipatasertib (IPAT)+paclitaxel (PAC) for locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (m TNBC). J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 1008.
36.	Kim SB, Dent R, Im SA, et al. Ipatasertib plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (LOTUS): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2017, 18(10): 1360-1372.
37.	Traina TA, Miller K, Yardley DA, et al. Enzalutamide for the treatment of androgen receptor-expressing triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(9): 884-890.
38.	Lyons T, Gucalp A, Arumov A, et al. Safety and tolerability of adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early stage androgen receptor positive (AR+) triple negative breast cancer. J Clin Ocol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 531.

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(1): 7-30.
2. Kumar P, Aggarwal R. An overview of triple-negative breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2016, 293(2): 247-269.
3. Fan L, Strasser-Weippl K, Li JJ, et al. Breast cancer in China. Lancet Oncol, 2014, 15(7): e279-e289.
4. Zeichner SB, Terawaki H, Gogineni K. A review of systemic treatment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl), 2016, 10: 25-36.
5. 刘雁冰, 杨涛, 张朝蓬, 等. 乳腺癌新辅助化疗后原发肿瘤退缩模式预测列线图的建立. 吉林大学学报 (医学版), 2014, 40(6): 1319-1324.
6. 曹志宇, 何建苗, 杨波, 等. 局部晚期乳腺癌新辅助化疗联合保乳手术的临床疗效观: 附 81 例报告. 解放军医学杂志, 2015, 40(6): 488-491.
7. 吕文芝, 丁波泥, 钱立元, 等. 保留乳房手术对比乳房根治术治疗三阴性乳腺癌疗效的 Meta 分析. 中华乳腺病杂志 (电子版), 2018, 12(5): 276-281.
8. Gangi A, Chung A, Mirocha J, et al. Breast-conserving therapy for triple-negative breast cancer. JAMA Surg, 2014, 149(3): 252-258.
9. Zumsteg ZS, Morrow M, Arnold B, et al. Breast-conserving therapy achieves locoregional outcomes comparable to mastectomy in women with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol, 2013, 20(11): 3469-3476.
10. Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al. The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res, 2007, 13(8): 2329-2334.
11. Wheate NJ, Collins JG. Multi-nuclear platinum complexes as anti-cancer drugs. Coordin Chem Rev, 2017, 241(1-2): 133-145.
12. Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Balassanian R, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: breast cancer, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 2017, 15(4): 433-451.
13. Shimada H, Ueda S, Saeki T, et al. Neoadjuvant triweekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel followed by epirubicin and cyclophosphamide for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ HER2-negative breast cancer: evaluation of efficacy and safety. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2015, 45(7): 642-649.
14. Untch M, Jackisch C, Schneeweiss A, et al. Nab-paclitaxel versus solvent-based paclitaxel in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer (GeparSepto-GBG 69): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2016, 17(3): 345-356.
15. Isakoff SJ, Mayer EL, He L, et al. TBCRC009: A multicenter phase Ⅱ clinical trial of platinum monotherapy with biomarker assessment in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(17): 1902-1909.
16. Litton J, Rugo HS, Ettl J, et al. Abstract GS6-07: A phase 3 trial comparing talazoparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, to physicians’s choice of therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. Cancer Res, 2018, 78(4 Suppl): Abstract GS6-07.
17. Sharma P, López-Tarruella S, García-Saenz JA, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant carboplatin plus docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer: combined analysis of two cohorts. Clin Cancer Res, 2017, 23(3): 649-657.
18. Couch FJ, Hart SN, Sharma P, et al. Inherited mutations in 17 breast cancer susceptibility genes among a large triple-negative breast cancer cohort unselected for family history of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2015, 33(4): 304-311.
19. Tutt A, Robson M, Garber JE, et al. Oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and advanced breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial. Lancet, 2010, 376(9737): 235-244.
20. Loibl S, O’Shaughnessy J, Untch M, et al. Addition of the PARP inhibitor veliparib plus carboplatin or carboplatin alone to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BrighTNess): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2018, 19(4): 497-509.
21. Chen L, Zhang J, Chen J, et al. Post-operative radiotherapy is beneficial for T1/T2 triple negative breast cancer patients with four or more positive lymph nodes. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(26): 42917-42925.
22. 罗佳宁, 郝春成, 张建鑫, 等. 术后辅助放疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者预后的影响. 实用肿瘤学杂志, 2017, 31(5): 411-416.
23. Kindts I, Buelens P, Laenen A, et al. Omitting radiation therapy in women with triple-negative breast cancer leads to worse breast cancer-specific survival. Breast, 2017, 32: 18-25.
24. Steward LT, Gao F, Taylor MA, et al. Impact of radiation therapy on survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett, 2014, 7(2): 548-552.
25. Dirix LY, Takacs I, Jerusalem G, et al. Avelumab, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a phase 1b JAVELIN solid tumor study. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2018, 167(3): 671-686.
26. Nanda R, Chow LQ, Dees EC, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: Phase Ⅰb KEYNOTE-012 study. J Clin Oncol, 2016, 34(21): 2460-2467.
27. Adams S, Diamond JR, Hamilton E, et al. Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with 2-year survival follow-up: a phase 1b clinical trial. JAMA Oncol, 2019, 5(3): 334-342.
28. Ali HR, Glont SE, Blows FM, et al. PD-L1 protein expression in breast cancer is rare, enriched in basal-like tumours and associated with infiltrating lymphocytes. Ann Oncol, 2015, 26(7): 1488-1493.
29. Mittendorf EA, Philips AV, Meric-Bernstam F, et al. PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res, 2014, 2(4): 361-370.
30. Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, et al. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med, 2018, 379(22): 2108-2121.
31. Schmid P, Chui SY, Emens LA. Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Reply. N Engl J Med, 2019, 380(10): 987-988.
32. Cortés J, André F, Gonçalves A, et al. IMpassion132 phase Ⅲ trial: atezolizumab and chemotherapy in early relapsing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol, 2019, 15(17): 1951-1961.
33. Yang Q, Xu ZH, Zheng LP, et al. Multimodal detection of PD-L1: reasonable biomarkers for immune checkpoint in hibitor. Am J Cancer Res, 2018, 8(9): 1689-1696.
34. Stringer-Reasor EM, Yang ESH, May JE, et al. An open label, pilot study of veliparib (ABT-888) and lapatinlb in patients with metastatic triple-negative (ER, PR, and HER-2 negative) breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 1095.
35. Dent R, Im SA, Espie M, et al. Overall survival (OS) update of the double-blind placebo (PBO)-controlled randomized phase 2 LOTUS trial of first-line ipatasertib (IPAT)+paclitaxel (PAC) for locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (m TNBC). J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 1008.
36. Kim SB, Dent R, Im SA, et al. Ipatasertib plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (LOTUS): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol, 2017, 18(10): 1360-1372.
37. Traina TA, Miller K, Yardley DA, et al. Enzalutamide for the treatment of androgen receptor-expressing triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2018, 36(9): 884-890.
38. Lyons T, Gucalp A, Arumov A, et al. Safety and tolerability of adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early stage androgen receptor positive (AR+) triple negative breast cancer. J Clin Ocol, 2018, 36(suppl 15): 531.

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Progress in treatment of triple negative breast cancer

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