Application and prospect of robotic-assisted technology in general surgery_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

HAN Caiwen ¹ , TIAN Hongwei ¹ , DU Binbin ¹ , WANG Tao ¹ , HU Dongping ¹ , GUO Tiankang ^1,2 ,  CAI Hui ^1,2 ,  YANG Xiongfei ¹

1. Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
2. Evidence-Based Transformation Institute, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CAI Hui, Email: 1392486247@qq.com; YANG Xiongfei, Email: Xiongfeiyang2020@126.com

Keywords：

robotic surgery; laparoscope; general surgery; application and development; review

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202004044

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To summarize the application status and related progress of robot-assisted technology in general surgery.Method The related researches about robot-assisted technology in general surgery in recent year were searched and reviewed.Results Robot-assisted techniques had similar safety and effectiveness to endoscopic surgery in general surgery. In addition, in rectal cancer, thyroid and pancreatic surgery, due to the narrow operation space, the advantages of robot-assisted surgery was more obvious.Conclusions The application of robot-assisted techniques in general surgery is safe and effective. With the decrease of the cost of robotic surgery, which has wide application value in general surgery.

Citation： HAN Caiwen, TIAN Hongwei, DU Binbin, WANG Tao, HU Dongping, GUO Tiankang, CAI Hui, YANG Xiongfei. Application and prospect of robotic-assisted technology in general surgery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2020, 27(12): 1598-1603. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202004044 Copy

1.	Polychronidis A, Laftsidis P, Bounovas A, et al. Twenty years of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Philippe Mouret—March 17, 1987. JSLS, 2008, 12(1): 109-111.
2.	Roh Hf, Nam Sh, Kim Jm. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 2018, 13(1): e0191628.
3.	王跃, 王守军, 宋金智, 等. 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中医源性胆管损伤的原因及防治. 肝胆外科杂志, 2018, 26(3): 226-228.
4.	胡晟, 王滔, 邹浩, 等. 良性胆管狭窄的病因、发病机制及诊治进展. 山东医药, 2018, 58(41): 94-98.
5.	Kane WJ, Charles EJ, Mehaffey JH, et al. Robotic compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A propensity matched analysis. Surgery, 2020, 167(2): 432-435.
6.	Kudsi OY, Castellanos A, Kaza S, et al. Cosmesis, patient satisfaction, and quality of life after da Vinci Single-Site cholecystectomy and multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: short-term results from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(8): 3242-3250.
7.	Grochola LF, Soll C, Zehnder A, et al. Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic single-incision cholecystectomy: results of a randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc, 2018, 33(5): 1482-1490.
8.	Shen By, Zhan Q, Deng Xx, et al. Radical resection of gallbladder cancer: could it be robotic? Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(11): 3245-3250.
9.	李爱民, 李进华, 李建民, 等. 国产机器人妙手 S 系统远程手术实验研究. 腹部外科, 2016, 29(6): 473-477.
10.	Manzia TM, Parente A. The surgical robot Micro Hand S: A cheapest device for an innovative surgery. An invited commentary on "Chinese surgical robot Micro Hand S: A consecutive case series in general surgery". Int J Surg, 2020, 76: 25-26.
11.	Yao Y, Liu Y, Li Z, et al. Chinese surgical robot micro hand S: A consecutive case series in general surgery. Int J Surg, 2020, 75: 55-59.
12.	Giulianotti PC, Coratti A, Angelini M, et al. Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg, 2003, 138(7): 777-784.
13.	Spampinato MG, Coratti A, Bianco L, et al. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted major hepatectomies: an Italian multi-institutional comparative study. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(10): 2973-2979.
14.	Boggi U, Caniglia F, Amorese G. Laparoscopic robot-assisted major hepatectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2014, 21(1): 3-10.
15.	Lim C, Salloum C, Tudisco A, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes after robotic and laparoscopic liver resection for malignancies: a propensity score-matched study. World J Surg, 2019, 43(6): 1594-1603.
16.	Kim JK, Park JS, Han DH, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy of liver. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(11): 4756-4764.
17.	Fruscione M, Pickens R, Baker EH, et al. Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic major liver resection: analysis of outcomes from a single center. HPB (Oxford), 2019, 21(7): 906-911.
18.	Goh BK. Robot-assisted minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy is superior to the laparoscopic technique. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(3): e49.
19.	Butturini G, Damoli I, Crepaz L, et al. A prospective non-randomised single-center study comparing laparoscopic and robotic distal pancreatectomy. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(11): 3163-3170.
20.	Hong S, Song KB, Madkhali AA, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for left-sided pancreatic tumors: a single surgeon's experience of 228 consecutive cases. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(6): 2465-2473.
21.	Liu R, Liu Q, Zhao ZM, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: A propensity score-matched study. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 116(4): 461-469.
22.	Chen S, Zhan Q, Chen JZ, et al. Robotic approach improves spleen-preserving rate and shortens postoperative hospital stay of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a matched cohort study. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3507-3518.
23.	Liu R, Zhang T, Zhao ZM, et al. The surgical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy versus laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasms: a comparative study of a single center. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(6): 2380-2386.
24.	刘荣, 赵国栋, 唐文博, 等. 机器人胰腺手术 1 010 例经验与教训. 南方医科大学学报, 2018, 38(2): 130-134.
25.	刘荣, 张恭. 达芬奇机器人胰十二指肠根治术的现状与发展. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(1): 1-4.
26.	Morino M, Pellegrino L, Giaccone C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg, 2006, 93(5): 553-558.
27.	Schmitz R, Willeke F, Darwich I, et al. Robotic-assisted nissen fundoplication with the senhance® surgical system: technical aspects and early results. Surg Technol Int, 2019, 35: 113-119.
28.	Tolboom RC, Draaisma WA, Broeders IA. Evaluation of conventional laparoscopic versus robot-assisted laparoscopic redo hiatal hernia and antireflux surgery: a cohort study. J Robot Surg, 2016, 10(1): 33-39.
29.	Ruiz-Cota P, Bacardí-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A. Long-term outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity with a follow-up of at least 5 years: A systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2019, 15(1): 133-144.
30.	Zhang L, Tan WH, Chang R, et al. Perioperative risk and complications of revisional bariatric surgery compared to primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(6): 1316-1320.
31.	Mahawar KK, Graham Y, Carr WR, et al. Revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review of comparative outcomes with respective primary procedures. Obes Surg, 2015, 25(7): 1271-1280.
32.	Pędziwiatr M, Małczak P, Wierdak M, et al. Revisional gastric bypass is inferior to primary gastric bypass in terms of short- and long-term outcomes-systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(7): 2083-2091.
33.	Salman M, Bell T, Martin J, et al. Use, cost, complications, and mortality of robotic versus nonrobotic general surgery procedures based on a nationwide database. Am Surg, 2013, 79(6): 553-560.
34.	Senellart P, Saint-Jalmes G, Mfam WS, et al. Laparoscopic versus full robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: retrospective, single-center study of the feasibility and short-term results. J Robot Surg, 2020, 14(2): 291-296.
35.	Sanchez BR, Mohr CJ, Morton JM, et al. Comparison of totally robotic laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and traditional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2005, 1(6): 549-554.
36.	Angrisani L, Lorenzo M, Borrelli V. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 5-year results of a prospective randomized trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2007, 3(2): 127-132.
37.	Wang L, Yao L, Yan P, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(11): 3691-3700.
38.	Li Z, Li J, Li B, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis. Cancer Manag Res, 2018, 10: 705-714.
39.	Sun LF, Liu K, Su XS, et al. Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy among gastric cancer patients: a retrospective short-term analysis from a single institution in China. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2019, 2019: 9059176.
40.	Wang WJ, Li HT, Yu JP, et al. Severity and incidence of complications assessed by the Clavien-Dindo classification following robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective and propensity score-matched study. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(10): 3341-3354.
41.	Kim YW, Reim D, Park JY, et al. Role of robot-assisted distal gastrectomy compared to laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in suprapancreatic nodal dissection for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(4): 1547-1552.
42.	Nakauchi M, Suda K, Susumu S, et al. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of robotic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and conventional laparoscopic approach: a single institutional retrospective cohort study. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(12): 5444-5452.
43.	Son T, Lee JH, Kim YM, et al. Robotic spleen-preserving total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: comparison with conventional laparoscopic procedure. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(9): 2606-2615.
44.	Park JS, Kang H, Park SY, et al. Long-term oncologic after robotic versus laparoscopic right colectomy: a prospective randomized study. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(9): 2975-2981.
45.	Spinoglio G, Bianchi PP, Marano A, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic right colectomy with complete mesocolic excision for the treatment of colon cancer: perioperative outcomes and 5-year survival in a consecutive series of 202 patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(12): 3580-3586.
46.	Cleary RK, Kassir A, Johnson CS, et al. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis for minimally invasive right colectomy: A multi-center propensity score-matched comparison of outcomes. PloS One, 2018, 13(10): e0206277.
47.	Scotton G, Contardo T, Zerbinati A, et al. From laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal anastomosis to robot-assisted intracorporeal anastomosis to totally robotic right colectomy for cancer: the evolution of robotic multiquadrant abdominal surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(10): 1216-1222.
48.	Han C, Yan P, Jing W, et al. Clinical, pathological, and oncologic outcomes of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Asian J Surg, Asian J Surg, 2020 Jan 18, Online ahead of print.
49.	Wang G, Wang Z, Jiang Z, et al. Male urinary and sexual function after robotic pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg, 2017, 13: e1725.
50.	Yamaguchi T, Kinugasa Y, Shiomi A, et al. Oncological outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced low rectal cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(11): 4498-4505.
51.	Xu J, Liao K, Luo Y. Clinical study of three dimensional endoscopic technique in the treatment of thyroid neoplasm. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(8): 1003-1007.
52.	Jiang WJ, Yan PJ, Zhao CL, et al. Comparison of total endoscopic thyroidectomy with conventional open thyroidectomy for treatment of papillary thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(5): 1891-1903.
53.	Tae K, Ji YB, Song CM, et al. Safety and efficacy of transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy: The first 100 cases. Head Neck, 2020, 42(2): 321-329.
54.	Kim SK, Woo JW, Park I, et al. Propensity score-matched analysis of robotic versus endoscopic bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(2): 243-250.
55.	Lang BH, Wong KH, Tsang JS, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes between robotic-assisted thyroidectomy and non-robotic endoscopic thyroidectomy. J Surg Res, 2014, 191(2): 389-398.
56.	Kang SW, Park JH, Jeong JS, et al. A comparative study of the surgical outcomes of robotic and conventional open modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck node metastasis. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(11): 3251-3257.
57.	Kwon H, Yi JW, Song RY, et al. Comparison of bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy with open thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. World J Surg, 2016, 40(3): 498-504.
58.	贺青卿, 朱见, 范子义, 等. 达芬奇机器人行甲状腺癌颈侧区清扫的临床研究. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2016, 9(4): 212-216.
59.	Bokhari MB, Patel CB, Ramos-Valadez DI, et al. Learning curve for robotic-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(3): 855-860.
60.	Montlouis-Calixte J, Ripamonti B, Barabino G, et al. Senhance 3-mm robot-assisted surgery: experience on first 14 patients in France. J Robot Surg, 2019, 13(5): 643-647.

1. Polychronidis A, Laftsidis P, Bounovas A, et al. Twenty years of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Philippe Mouret—March 17, 1987. JSLS, 2008, 12(1): 109-111.
2. Roh Hf, Nam Sh, Kim Jm. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery in randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 2018, 13(1): e0191628.
3. 王跃, 王守军, 宋金智, 等. 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中医源性胆管损伤的原因及防治. 肝胆外科杂志, 2018, 26(3): 226-228.
4. 胡晟, 王滔, 邹浩, 等. 良性胆管狭窄的病因、发病机制及诊治进展. 山东医药, 2018, 58(41): 94-98.
5. Kane WJ, Charles EJ, Mehaffey JH, et al. Robotic compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A propensity matched analysis. Surgery, 2020, 167(2): 432-435.
6. Kudsi OY, Castellanos A, Kaza S, et al. Cosmesis, patient satisfaction, and quality of life after da Vinci Single-Site cholecystectomy and multiport laparoscopic cholecystectomy: short-term results from a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(8): 3242-3250.
7. Grochola LF, Soll C, Zehnder A, et al. Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic single-incision cholecystectomy: results of a randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc, 2018, 33(5): 1482-1490.
8. Shen By, Zhan Q, Deng Xx, et al. Radical resection of gallbladder cancer: could it be robotic? Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(11): 3245-3250.
9. 李爱民, 李进华, 李建民, 等. 国产机器人妙手 S 系统远程手术实验研究. 腹部外科, 2016, 29(6): 473-477.
10. Manzia TM, Parente A. The surgical robot Micro Hand S: A cheapest device for an innovative surgery. An invited commentary on "Chinese surgical robot Micro Hand S: A consecutive case series in general surgery". Int J Surg, 2020, 76: 25-26.
11. Yao Y, Liu Y, Li Z, et al. Chinese surgical robot micro hand S: A consecutive case series in general surgery. Int J Surg, 2020, 75: 55-59.
12. Giulianotti PC, Coratti A, Angelini M, et al. Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. Arch Surg, 2003, 138(7): 777-784.
13. Spampinato MG, Coratti A, Bianco L, et al. Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted major hepatectomies: an Italian multi-institutional comparative study. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(10): 2973-2979.
14. Boggi U, Caniglia F, Amorese G. Laparoscopic robot-assisted major hepatectomy. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci, 2014, 21(1): 3-10.
15. Lim C, Salloum C, Tudisco A, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes after robotic and laparoscopic liver resection for malignancies: a propensity score-matched study. World J Surg, 2019, 43(6): 1594-1603.
16. Kim JK, Park JS, Han DH, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy of liver. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(11): 4756-4764.
17. Fruscione M, Pickens R, Baker EH, et al. Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic major liver resection: analysis of outcomes from a single center. HPB (Oxford), 2019, 21(7): 906-911.
18. Goh BK. Robot-assisted minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy is superior to the laparoscopic technique. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(3): e49.
19. Butturini G, Damoli I, Crepaz L, et al. A prospective non-randomised single-center study comparing laparoscopic and robotic distal pancreatectomy. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(11): 3163-3170.
20. Hong S, Song KB, Madkhali AA, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for left-sided pancreatic tumors: a single surgeon's experience of 228 consecutive cases. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(6): 2465-2473.
21. Liu R, Liu Q, Zhao ZM, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: A propensity score-matched study. J Surg Oncol, 2017, 116(4): 461-469.
22. Chen S, Zhan Q, Chen JZ, et al. Robotic approach improves spleen-preserving rate and shortens postoperative hospital stay of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a matched cohort study. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(12): 3507-3518.
23. Liu R, Zhang T, Zhao ZM, et al. The surgical outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy versus laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasms: a comparative study of a single center. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(6): 2380-2386.
24. 刘荣, 赵国栋, 唐文博, 等. 机器人胰腺手术 1 010 例经验与教训. 南方医科大学学报, 2018, 38(2): 130-134.
25. 刘荣, 张恭. 达芬奇机器人胰十二指肠根治术的现状与发展. 中华普外科手术学杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(1): 1-4.
26. Morino M, Pellegrino L, Giaccone C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of robot-assisted versus laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg, 2006, 93(5): 553-558.
27. Schmitz R, Willeke F, Darwich I, et al. Robotic-assisted nissen fundoplication with the senhance® surgical system: technical aspects and early results. Surg Technol Int, 2019, 35: 113-119.
28. Tolboom RC, Draaisma WA, Broeders IA. Evaluation of conventional laparoscopic versus robot-assisted laparoscopic redo hiatal hernia and antireflux surgery: a cohort study. J Robot Surg, 2016, 10(1): 33-39.
29. Ruiz-Cota P, Bacardí-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A. Long-term outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity with a follow-up of at least 5 years: A systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2019, 15(1): 133-144.
30. Zhang L, Tan WH, Chang R, et al. Perioperative risk and complications of revisional bariatric surgery compared to primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(6): 1316-1320.
31. Mahawar KK, Graham Y, Carr WR, et al. Revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review of comparative outcomes with respective primary procedures. Obes Surg, 2015, 25(7): 1271-1280.
32. Pędziwiatr M, Małczak P, Wierdak M, et al. Revisional gastric bypass is inferior to primary gastric bypass in terms of short- and long-term outcomes-systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(7): 2083-2091.
33. Salman M, Bell T, Martin J, et al. Use, cost, complications, and mortality of robotic versus nonrobotic general surgery procedures based on a nationwide database. Am Surg, 2013, 79(6): 553-560.
34. Senellart P, Saint-Jalmes G, Mfam WS, et al. Laparoscopic versus full robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: retrospective, single-center study of the feasibility and short-term results. J Robot Surg, 2020, 14(2): 291-296.
35. Sanchez BR, Mohr CJ, Morton JM, et al. Comparison of totally robotic laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and traditional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2005, 1(6): 549-554.
36. Angrisani L, Lorenzo M, Borrelli V. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 5-year results of a prospective randomized trial. Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2007, 3(2): 127-132.
37. Wang L, Yao L, Yan P, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg, 2018, 28(11): 3691-3700.
38. Li Z, Li J, Li B, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis. Cancer Manag Res, 2018, 10: 705-714.
39. Sun LF, Liu K, Su XS, et al. Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy among gastric cancer patients: a retrospective short-term analysis from a single institution in China. Gastroenterol Res Pract, 2019, 2019: 9059176.
40. Wang WJ, Li HT, Yu JP, et al. Severity and incidence of complications assessed by the Clavien-Dindo classification following robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective and propensity score-matched study. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(10): 3341-3354.
41. Kim YW, Reim D, Park JY, et al. Role of robot-assisted distal gastrectomy compared to laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in suprapancreatic nodal dissection for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(4): 1547-1552.
42. Nakauchi M, Suda K, Susumu S, et al. Comparison of the long-term outcomes of robotic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and conventional laparoscopic approach: a single institutional retrospective cohort study. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(12): 5444-5452.
43. Son T, Lee JH, Kim YM, et al. Robotic spleen-preserving total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: comparison with conventional laparoscopic procedure. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(9): 2606-2615.
44. Park JS, Kang H, Park SY, et al. Long-term oncologic after robotic versus laparoscopic right colectomy: a prospective randomized study. Surg Endosc, 2019, 33(9): 2975-2981.
45. Spinoglio G, Bianchi PP, Marano A, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic right colectomy with complete mesocolic excision for the treatment of colon cancer: perioperative outcomes and 5-year survival in a consecutive series of 202 patients. Ann Surg Oncol, 2018, 25(12): 3580-3586.
46. Cleary RK, Kassir A, Johnson CS, et al. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis for minimally invasive right colectomy: A multi-center propensity score-matched comparison of outcomes. PloS One, 2018, 13(10): e0206277.
47. Scotton G, Contardo T, Zerbinati A, et al. From laparoscopic right colectomy with extracorporeal anastomosis to robot-assisted intracorporeal anastomosis to totally robotic right colectomy for cancer: the evolution of robotic multiquadrant abdominal surgery. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(10): 1216-1222.
48. Han C, Yan P, Jing W, et al. Clinical, pathological, and oncologic outcomes of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic proctectomy for rectal cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Asian J Surg, Asian J Surg, 2020 Jan 18, Online ahead of print.
49. Wang G, Wang Z, Jiang Z, et al. Male urinary and sexual function after robotic pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg, 2017, 13: e1725.
50. Yamaguchi T, Kinugasa Y, Shiomi A, et al. Oncological outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced low rectal cancer. Surg Endosc, 2018, 32(11): 4498-4505.
51. Xu J, Liao K, Luo Y. Clinical study of three dimensional endoscopic technique in the treatment of thyroid neoplasm. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018, 28(8): 1003-1007.
52. Jiang WJ, Yan PJ, Zhao CL, et al. Comparison of total endoscopic thyroidectomy with conventional open thyroidectomy for treatment of papillary thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc, 2020, 34(5): 1891-1903.
53. Tae K, Ji YB, Song CM, et al. Safety and efficacy of transoral robotic and endoscopic thyroidectomy: The first 100 cases. Head Neck, 2020, 42(2): 321-329.
54. Kim SK, Woo JW, Park I, et al. Propensity score-matched analysis of robotic versus endoscopic bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) thyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(2): 243-250.
55. Lang BH, Wong KH, Tsang JS, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing outcomes between robotic-assisted thyroidectomy and non-robotic endoscopic thyroidectomy. J Surg Res, 2014, 191(2): 389-398.
56. Kang SW, Park JH, Jeong JS, et al. A comparative study of the surgical outcomes of robotic and conventional open modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck node metastasis. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(11): 3251-3257.
57. Kwon H, Yi JW, Song RY, et al. Comparison of bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy with open thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. World J Surg, 2016, 40(3): 498-504.
58. 贺青卿, 朱见, 范子义, 等. 达芬奇机器人行甲状腺癌颈侧区清扫的临床研究. 中华腔镜外科杂志(电子版), 2016, 9(4): 212-216.
59. Bokhari MB, Patel CB, Ramos-Valadez DI, et al. Learning curve for robotic-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc, 2011, 25(3): 855-860.
60. Montlouis-Calixte J, Ripamonti B, Barabino G, et al. Senhance 3-mm robot-assisted surgery: experience on first 14 patients in France. J Robot Surg, 2019, 13(5): 643-647.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Application and prospect of robotic-assisted technology in general surgery

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