Comparison of three-dimensional laparoscopic simulator with two-dimensional laparoscopic simulator in training of laparoscopic novices_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZHANG Kecheng , HUANG Xiaohui , WANG Chuang ,  CHEN Lin

Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Lin, Email: chenlin@301hospital.com.cn

Keywords：

three-dimensional simulator; laparoscopic training; minimally invasive surgery

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202007026

Video：

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Objective To compare the three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic simulator with two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic simulator in training of laparoscopic novices.Methods Between January 2018 and December 2019, surgical residents from Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled, which were grouped into 3D and 2D group. After receiving training program, novices in both two groups subject to performance examination, including bean-picking module, exchange module, transfer module, needle-manipulating module, and suture module. Times and errors were compared between the two groups for each module.Results A total of 16 novices in 3D group and 15 novices in 2D group were enrolled, and baseline characteristics including age, gender, major hand, glass wearing, laparoscopic experience, and shooting game experience were well balanced between the two groups (P>0.05). There were comparable times and errors between the two groups in terms of bean-picking module and exchange module (P>0.05). The time of transfer module and needle-manipulating module was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05), but novices in 3D group performed more precise than those in 2D group (P<0.05). In suture module, 3D group had shorter time (P=0.02) and higher accuracy (P=0.03).Conclusion 3D laparoscopic simulator can shorten novice performance time in complex procedures, improve accuracy, and facilitate laparoscopic training.

Citation： ZHANG Kecheng, HUANG Xiaohui, WANG Chuang, CHEN Lin. Comparison of three-dimensional laparoscopic simulator with two-dimensional laparoscopic simulator in training of laparoscopic novices. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2020, 27(10): 1207-1210. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202007026 Copy

1.	张恒, 桑江勇, 刘凤林. 对精准医疗背景下胃癌微创治疗专业化的认识. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2017, 20(8): 847-851.
2.	张珂诚, 陈凛. 重视胃癌微创手术的规范化. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(4): 262-264.
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4.	Wang FH, Shen L, Li J, <italic>et al</italic>. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 10.
5.	张珂诚, 王鑫鑫, 卫勃, 等. 3D 与 2D 腹腔镜胃癌根治术近期疗效对比研究. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(4): 437-439.
6.	Velayutham V, Fuks D, Nomi T, <italic>et al</italic>. 3D visualization reduces operating time when compared to high-definition 2D in laparoscopic liver resection: a case-matched study. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(1): 147-153.
7.	Qiu D, Zhuang H, Han F. Effect and influence factor analysis of intrahepatic Glisson’s sheath vascular disconnection approach for anatomical hepatectomy by three-dimensional laparoscope. J BUON, 2017, 22(1): 157-161.
8.	陈海金, 俞金龙, 黄宗海, 等. 3D 高清腹腔镜在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2014, 34(4): 588-590.
9.	侯予龙, 郭伟, 杨志健, 等. 3D 与 2D 胸腹腔镜治疗食管癌的比较研究. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2015, 18(9): 889-892.
10.	Romero-Loera S, Cárdenas-Lailson LE, de la Concha-Bermejillo F, <italic>et al</italic>. Skills comparison using a 2D <italic>vs.</italic> 3D laparoscopic simulator. Cir Cir, 2016, 84(1): 37-44.
11.	王志度, 吴泽宇, 李勇, 等. 中晚期结直肠癌 191 例腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效比较. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2009, 12(4): 368-370.
12.	Lu Y, Jiang B, Liu T. Laparoscopic <italic>versus</italic> open total gastrectomy for advanced proximal gastric carcinoma: a matched pair analysis. J BUON, 2016, 21(4): 903-908.
13.	Huang C, Shen JC, Zhang J, <italic>et al</italic>. Clinical comparison of laparoscopy <italic>vs</italic> open surgery in a radical operation for rectal cancer: a retrospective case-control study. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(48): 13532-13541.
14.	Stefanou AJ, Reickert CA, Velanovich V, <italic>et al</italic>. Laparoscopic colectomy significantly decreases length of stay compared with open operation. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(1): 144-148.
15.	Lu J, Zheng CH, Zheng HL, <italic>et al</italic>. Randomized, controlled trial comparing clinical outcomes of 3D and 2D laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer: an interim report. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(7): 2939-2945.
16.	Jung DH, Son SY, Park YS, <italic>et al</italic>. The learning curve associated with laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Gastric Cancer, 2016, 19(1): 264-272.
17.	Buia A, Stockhausen F, Filmann N, <italic>et al</italic>. 2D <italic>vs</italic>. 3D imaging in laparoscopic surgery-results of a prospective randomized trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(8): 1241-1253.
18.	Agrusa A, Di Buono G, Buscemi S, <italic>et al</italic>. 3D laparoscopic surgery: a prospective clinical trial. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(25): 17325-17333.
19.	唐涛, 李敬东, 杨刚, 等. 3D 和 2D 腔镜在胸前入路甲状腺癌手术中的效果比较. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2019, 33(5): 451-454.
20.	Zeng Q, Lei F, Gao Z, <italic>et al</italic>. Case-matched study of short-term effects of 3D <italic>vs</italic> 2D laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2017, 15(1): 178.
21.	Sinha R, Chawla L, Raje S, <italic>et al</italic>. A retrospective comparative analysis of 2D <italic>versus</italic> 3D laparoscopy in total laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uteri (≥ 500 g). Surg Technol Int, 2018, 33: 38-43.
22.	Kanaji S, Suzuki S, Harada H, <italic>et al</italic>. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional display for performance of laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(3): 493-500.
23.	Votanopoulos K, Brunicardi FC, Thornby J, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of three-dimensional vision in laparoscopic training. World J Surg, 2008, 32(1): 110-118.
24.	Sørensen SMD, Konge L, Bjerrum F. 3D vision accelerates laparoscopic proficiency and skills are transferable to 2D conditions: a randomized trial. Am J Surg, 2017, 214(1): 63-68.
25.	Guanà R, Ferrero L, Garofalo S, <italic>et al</italic>. Skills comparison in pediatric residents using a 2-dimensional <italic>versus</italic> a 3-dimensional high-definition camera in a pediatric laparoscopic simulator. J Surg Educ, 2017, 74(4): 644-649.
26.	Vilaça J, Pinto JP, Fernandes S, <italic>et al</italic>. Comparative study of 2D and 3D optical imaging systems: laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in an <italic>ex vivo</italic> model. Surg Innov, 2017, 24(6): 598-604.
27.	李著, 阳平贵, 邓清江, 等. 自制模拟器用于腹腔镜外科手术技能的训练. 中国微创外科杂志, 2003, 3(2): 176, 186.
28.	纪智礼, 邱枫, 孙海涛, 等. 腹腔镜模拟器在住院医师腹腔镜技能培训中的应用. 医学教育管理, 2015, 1(4): 303-306.

1. 张恒, 桑江勇, 刘凤林. 对精准医疗背景下胃癌微创治疗专业化的认识. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2017, 20(8): 847-851.
2. 张珂诚, 陈凛. 重视胃癌微创手术的规范化. 中华外科杂志, 2018, 56(4): 262-264.
3. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2018 (5th edition). Gastric Cancer, 2020, [Online ahead of print].
4. Wang FH, Shen L, Li J, <italic>et al</italic>. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond), 2019, 39(1): 10.
5. 张珂诚, 王鑫鑫, 卫勃, 等. 3D 与 2D 腹腔镜胃癌根治术近期疗效对比研究. 中国实用外科杂志, 2017, 37(4): 437-439.
6. Velayutham V, Fuks D, Nomi T, <italic>et al</italic>. 3D visualization reduces operating time when compared to high-definition 2D in laparoscopic liver resection: a case-matched study. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(1): 147-153.
7. Qiu D, Zhuang H, Han F. Effect and influence factor analysis of intrahepatic Glisson’s sheath vascular disconnection approach for anatomical hepatectomy by three-dimensional laparoscope. J BUON, 2017, 22(1): 157-161.
8. 陈海金, 俞金龙, 黄宗海, 等. 3D 高清腹腔镜在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用. 南方医科大学学报, 2014, 34(4): 588-590.
9. 侯予龙, 郭伟, 杨志健, 等. 3D 与 2D 胸腹腔镜治疗食管癌的比较研究. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2015, 18(9): 889-892.
10. Romero-Loera S, Cárdenas-Lailson LE, de la Concha-Bermejillo F, <italic>et al</italic>. Skills comparison using a 2D <italic>vs.</italic> 3D laparoscopic simulator. Cir Cir, 2016, 84(1): 37-44.
11. 王志度, 吴泽宇, 李勇, 等. 中晚期结直肠癌 191 例腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效比较. 中华胃肠外科杂志, 2009, 12(4): 368-370.
12. Lu Y, Jiang B, Liu T. Laparoscopic <italic>versus</italic> open total gastrectomy for advanced proximal gastric carcinoma: a matched pair analysis. J BUON, 2016, 21(4): 903-908.
13. Huang C, Shen JC, Zhang J, <italic>et al</italic>. Clinical comparison of laparoscopy <italic>vs</italic> open surgery in a radical operation for rectal cancer: a retrospective case-control study. World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(48): 13532-13541.
14. Stefanou AJ, Reickert CA, Velanovich V, <italic>et al</italic>. Laparoscopic colectomy significantly decreases length of stay compared with open operation. Surg Endosc, 2012, 26(1): 144-148.
15. Lu J, Zheng CH, Zheng HL, <italic>et al</italic>. Randomized, controlled trial comparing clinical outcomes of 3D and 2D laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer: an interim report. Surg Endosc, 2017, 31(7): 2939-2945.
16. Jung DH, Son SY, Park YS, <italic>et al</italic>. The learning curve associated with laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Gastric Cancer, 2016, 19(1): 264-272.
17. Buia A, Stockhausen F, Filmann N, <italic>et al</italic>. 2D <italic>vs</italic>. 3D imaging in laparoscopic surgery-results of a prospective randomized trial. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(8): 1241-1253.
18. Agrusa A, Di Buono G, Buscemi S, <italic>et al</italic>. 3D laparoscopic surgery: a prospective clinical trial. Oncotarget, 2018, 9(25): 17325-17333.
19. 唐涛, 李敬东, 杨刚, 等. 3D 和 2D 腔镜在胸前入路甲状腺癌手术中的效果比较. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2019, 33(5): 451-454.
20. Zeng Q, Lei F, Gao Z, <italic>et al</italic>. Case-matched study of short-term effects of 3D <italic>vs</italic> 2D laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol, 2017, 15(1): 178.
21. Sinha R, Chawla L, Raje S, <italic>et al</italic>. A retrospective comparative analysis of 2D <italic>versus</italic> 3D laparoscopy in total laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uteri (≥ 500 g). Surg Technol Int, 2018, 33: 38-43.
22. Kanaji S, Suzuki S, Harada H, <italic>et al</italic>. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional display for performance of laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017, 402(3): 493-500.
23. Votanopoulos K, Brunicardi FC, Thornby J, <italic>et al</italic>. Impact of three-dimensional vision in laparoscopic training. World J Surg, 2008, 32(1): 110-118.
24. Sørensen SMD, Konge L, Bjerrum F. 3D vision accelerates laparoscopic proficiency and skills are transferable to 2D conditions: a randomized trial. Am J Surg, 2017, 214(1): 63-68.
25. Guanà R, Ferrero L, Garofalo S, <italic>et al</italic>. Skills comparison in pediatric residents using a 2-dimensional <italic>versus</italic> a 3-dimensional high-definition camera in a pediatric laparoscopic simulator. J Surg Educ, 2017, 74(4): 644-649.
26. Vilaça J, Pinto JP, Fernandes S, <italic>et al</italic>. Comparative study of 2D and 3D optical imaging systems: laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in an <italic>ex vivo</italic> model. Surg Innov, 2017, 24(6): 598-604.
27. 李著, 阳平贵, 邓清江, 等. 自制模拟器用于腹腔镜外科手术技能的训练. 中国微创外科杂志, 2003, 3(2): 176, 186.
28. 纪智礼, 邱枫, 孙海涛, 等. 腹腔镜模拟器在住院医师腹腔镜技能培训中的应用. 医学教育管理, 2015, 1(4): 303-306.

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Comparison of three-dimensional laparoscopic simulator with two-dimensional laparoscopic simulator in training of laparoscopic novices

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