SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 4:? Using research rvidence to clarify a problem*_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

John N Lavis ¹ , Michael G Wilson ² , Andrew D Oxman ³ , Simon Lewin ⁴ , Atle Fretheim ⁵

1. Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University;? 2. Health Research Methodology PhD Program and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics;?3. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services;?4. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Medical Research Council of South Africa;?5. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, University of Oslo;

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DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20100396

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政策制定者及其决策支持者常发现他们会面临一些促使他们想找到定义一个问题的最佳方法的情况，包括如在议会上被问及一个棘手或有挑战性的问题或成为头条新闻的问题。政策制定者想找准问题的动机多种多样. 从想确定是否该对他人认为重要的问题给予重视, 到如何说服他人认同某一问题的重要性。围绕如何定义一个问题的争论和努力是政策制定过程中至关重要的部分。这些争论和努力的结果将影响决策者决定是否采取行动来解决问题及对其决定如何采取措施也有部分影响。这些并行事件与政策和项目方案（如发表一份展示特定方案效果的报告），或政治事件（如对某一问题感兴趣的人被任命为卫生部长）有关。我们在本文中提出以下问题来指导那些需要定义问题并描述问题特点的人：① 问题是什么？② 问题是如何引起关注的？该过程是否会影响解决这一问题的前景？③ 应使用或收集什么指标来确定问题的重要程度和评估问题解决的进展程度？④ 应采用何种对照来确定问题的重要程度并评估问题解决的进展程度？⑤ 应如何拟订（或描述）问题来动员不同群体？

Citation： John N Lavis,Michael G Wilson,Andrew D Oxman,Simon Lewin,Atle Fretheim. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 4:? Using research rvidence to clarify a problem*. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2010, 10(3): 262-268. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20100396 Copy

1.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2.	Lavis JN, Wilson MG, Oxman AD, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 5. Using research evidence to frame options to address a problem. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S5.
3.	Fretheim A, Munabi-Babigumira S, Oxman AD, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 6. Using research evidence to address how an option will be implemented. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S6.
4.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 3. Setting priorities for supporting evidence-informed policymaking. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S3.
5.	Rochefort DA, Cobb RW. Problem definition, agenda access, and policy choice. Policy Studies Journal, 1993, 21: 56-71.
6.	Stone D. Policy paradox: The art of political decision making. W. W. Norton and Company; 1997.
7.	Kingdon JW. Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 2nd edition. Longman; 2003.
8.	Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Grimshaw J, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence- informed health Policymaking (STP). 7. Finding systematic reviews. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S7.
9.	Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 11. Finding and using research evidence about local conditions. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S11.
10.	Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 10. Taking equity into consideration when assessing the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S10-11.
11.	World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines for the treatment of Malaria. World Health Organization; 2006.
12.	Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB, Lavis JN, et al. Optimal search strategies for detecting health services research studies in MEDLINE. CMAJ, 2004, 171: 1179-1185.

1. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). Introduction. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): I1.
2. Lavis JN, Wilson MG, Oxman AD, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 5. Using research evidence to frame options to address a problem. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S5.
3. Fretheim A, Munabi-Babigumira S, Oxman AD, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP). 6. Using research evidence to address how an option will be implemented. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S6.
4. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 3. Setting priorities for supporting evidence-informed policymaking. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S3.
5. Rochefort DA, Cobb RW. Problem definition, agenda access, and policy choice. Policy Studies Journal, 1993, 21: 56-71.
6. Stone D. Policy paradox: The art of political decision making. W. W. Norton and Company; 1997.
7. Kingdon JW. Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 2nd edition. Longman; 2003.
8. Lavis JN, Oxman AD, Grimshaw J, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidence- informed health Policymaking (STP). 7. Finding systematic reviews. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S7.
9. Lewin S, Oxman AD, Lavis JN, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 11. Finding and using research evidence about local conditions. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S11.
10. Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Lewin S, et al. SUPPORT Tools for evidenceinformed health Policymaking (STP). 10. Taking equity into consideration when assessing the findings of a systematic review. Health Res Policy Syst, 2009, 7(Suppl 1): S10-11.
11. World Health Organization (WHO): Guidelines for the treatment of Malaria. World Health Organization; 2006.
12. Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB, Lavis JN, et al. Optimal search strategies for detecting health services research studies in MEDLINE. CMAJ, 2004, 171: 1179-1185.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 4:? Using research rvidence to clarify a problem*

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