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证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。

Citation: Gordon H. Guyatt,Andrew D. Oxman,Shahnaz Sultan,Paul Glasziou,Elie A. Akl,Pablo AlonsoCoello,David Atkins,Regina Kunz,Jan Brozek,Victor Montori,Roman Jaeschke,David Rind,Philipp Dahm,Joerg Meerpohl,Gunn Vist,Elise Berliner,Susan Norris,Yngve FalckYtter,M. Hassan Murad,Holger J. Schnemann,代表GRADE工作组. GRADE guidelines: 9. Rating up the quality of evidence△. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011, 11(12): 1459-1463. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20110246 Copy

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