The application of electronic assessment tools for cognitive function_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

PAN Zewen ¹ , ZHENG Yi ¹ , SUN Ruike ¹ , WANG Yu ¹ , YUE Jirong ² ,  WANG Yanyan ¹

1. Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;
2. Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Yanyan, Email: Kittyanwang520@scu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Cognition; Mobile applications; Assessment tool

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202402107

Video：

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As the aging of the population intensifies, the incidence of dementia continues to increase year by year. However, the general public's lack of awareness about dementia, combined with the complexity of the cognitive assessment process, often results in many dementia patients being diagnosed in the moderate to late stages of the disease, missing the crucial window for therapeutic intervention. This significantly affects the mental and physical health and quality of life of the elderly. With the continuous advancements in medical and information technology, the application of electronic tools in cognitive assessment is gradually increasing. This study summarizes the current application of electronic cognitive assessment tools to provide references for the development of electronic cognitive assessment tools suitable for the elderly in China.

Citation： PAN Zewen, ZHENG Yi, SUN Ruike, WANG Yu, YUE Jirong, WANG Yanyan. The application of electronic assessment tools for cognitive function. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2024, 24(7): 859-864. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202402107 Copy

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2.	Jia L, Quan M, Fu Y, et al. Dementia in China: epidemiology, clinical management, and research advances. Lancet Neurol, 2020, 19(1): 81-92.
3.	WHO. Global health estimates. 2020.
4.	GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(5): 459-480.
5.	Langa KM, Levine DA. The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. JAMA, 2014, 312(23): 2551-2561.
6.	Jia L, Du Y, Chu L, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Public Health, 2020, 5(12): e661-e671.
7.	Mayo Clinic. Mild cognitive impairment - symptoms and causes.
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9.	Zhang YR, Kuo K, Dong Q, et al. Dementia research in 2022: advancing steadily on reflection. Lancet Neurol, 2023, 22(1): 10-12.
10.	Alzheimer Society of Canada. Mild cognitive impairment.
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12.	Li N, Yang X, Du W, et al. Exploratory research on key technology of human-computer interactive 2. 5-minute fast digital early warning for mild cognitive impairment. Comput Intell Neurosci, 2022, 2022: 2495330.
13.	Roebuck-Spencer TM, Glen T, Puente AE, et al. Cognitive screening tests versus comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries: a national academy of neuropsychology education paper. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 2017, 32(4): 491-498.
14.	Chan JYC, Yau STY, Kwok TCY, et al. Diagnostic performance of digital cognitive tests for the identification of MCI and dementia: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev, 2021, 72: 101506.
15.	Charalambous AP, Pye A, Yeung WK, et al. Tools for app- and web-based self-testing of cognitive impairment: systematic search and evaluation. J Med Internet Res, 2020, 22(1): e14551.
16.	孟秋艳, 尹惠茹, 王硕, 等. 老年轻度认知障碍患者计算机化认知筛查测试的研究进展. 中华护理杂志, 2019, 54(7): 1023-1027.
17.	Yu K, Zhang S, Wang Q, et al. Development of a computerized tool for the chinese version of the montreal cognitive assessment for screening mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr, 2014, 27(2): 213-219.
18.	Wu J, Tu J, Liu Z, et al. An effective test (eomciss) for screening older adults with mild cognitive impairment in a community setting: development and validation study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e40858.
19.	Lenehan ME, Summers MJ, Saunders NL, et al. Does the cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB) distinguish between cognitive domains in healthy older adults. Assessment, 2016, 23(2): 163-172.
20.	Dougherty JH, Cannon RL, Nicholas CR, et al. The computerized self test (CST): an interactive, internet accessible cognitive screening test for dementia. J Alzheimers Dis, 2010, 20(1): 185-195.
21.	Woodhouse J, Heyanka DJ, Scott J, et al. Efficacy of the ANAM general neuropsychological screening battery (ANAM GNS) for detecting neurocognitive impairment in a mixed clinical sample. Clin Neuropsychol, 2013, 27(3): 376-385.
22.	Bissig D, Kaye J, Erten-Lyons D. Validation of SATURN, a free, electronic, self-administered cognitive screening test. Alzheimers Dement (N Y), 2020, 6(1): e12116.
23.	Lin CW, Mao TY, Huang CF. A novel game-based intelligent test for detecting elderly cognitive function impairment. Comput Math Methods Med, 2021, 2021: 1698406.
24.	Park JH, Jung M, Kim J, et al. Validity of a novel computerized screening test system for mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr, 2018, 30(10): 1455-1463.
25.	Inoue M, Jinbo D, Nakamura Y, et al. Development and evaluation of a computerized test battery for Alzheimer's disease screening in community-based settings. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2009, 24(2): 129-135.
26.	Onoda K, Hamano T, Nabika Y, et al. Validation of a new mass screening tool for cognitive impairment: cognitive assessment for dementia, iPad version. Clin Interv Aging, 2013, 8: 353-360.
27.	Wallace SE, Donoso Brown EV, Simpson RC, et al. A comparison of electronic and paper versions of the Montreal cognitive assessment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2019, 33(3): 272-278.
28.	Possin KL, Moskowitz T, Erlhoff SJ, et al. The brain health assessment for detecting and diagnosing neurocognitive disorders. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2018, 66(1): 150-156.
29.	Wong A, Fong CH, Mok VC, et al. Computerized cognitive screen (CoCoSc): a self-administered computerized test for screening for cognitive impairment in community social centers. J Alzheimers Dis, 2017, 59(4): 1299-1306.
30.	Ni X, Wu F, Song J, et al. Chinese expert consensus on assessment of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aging Med (Milton), 2022, 5(3): 154-166.
31.	Doniger GM, Zucker DM, Schweiger A, et al. Towards practical cognitive assessment for detection of early dementia: a 30-minute computerized battery discriminates as well as longer testing. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2005, 2(2): 117-124.
32.	闫明丽, 陈立. 基于虚拟超市的老年轻度认知障碍筛查软件的开发与效果评价. 吉林: 吉林大学, 2022.
33.	Sakai H, Nagano A, Seki K, et al. Development of a cognitive function test using virtual reality technology: examination in healthy participants. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn, 2018, 25(4): 561-575.
34.	Zygouris S, Iliadou P, Lazarou E, et al. Detection of mild cognitive impairment in an at-risk group of older adults: can a novel self-administered serious game-based screening test improve diagnostic accuracy. J Alzheimers Dis, 2020, 78(1): 405-412.
35.	Tsoy E, Zygouris S, Possin KL. Current state of self-administered brief computerized cognitive assessments for detection of cognitive disorders in older adults: a systematic review. J Prev Alzheimers Dis, 2021, 8(3): 267-276.
36.	中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南写作组, 中国医师协会神经内科医师分会认知障碍疾病专业委员会. 2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南(五): 轻度认知障碍的诊断与治疗. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(17): 1294-1301.
37.	Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med, 2004, 256(3): 183-194.
38.	Scharre DW, Chang SI, Nagaraja HN, et al. Digitally translated self-administered gerocognitive examination (eSAGE): relationship with its validated paper version, neuropsychological evaluations, and clinical assessments. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2017, 9(1): 44.
39.	Zygouris S, Tsolaki M. Computerized cognitive testing for older adults: a review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2015, 30(1): 13-28.

1. Burns A, Iliffe S. Alzheimer's disease. BMJ, 2009, 338: b158.
2. Jia L, Quan M, Fu Y, et al. Dementia in China: epidemiology, clinical management, and research advances. Lancet Neurol, 2020, 19(1): 81-92.
3. WHO. Global health estimates. 2020.
4. GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(5): 459-480.
5. Langa KM, Levine DA. The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. JAMA, 2014, 312(23): 2551-2561.
6. Jia L, Du Y, Chu L, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Public Health, 2020, 5(12): e661-e671.
7. Mayo Clinic. Mild cognitive impairment - symptoms and causes.
8. WHO. Global status report on the public health response to dementia. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
9. Zhang YR, Kuo K, Dong Q, et al. Dementia research in 2022: advancing steadily on reflection. Lancet Neurol, 2023, 22(1): 10-12.
10. Alzheimer Society of Canada. Mild cognitive impairment.
11. 中国老年学和老年医学学会脑认知与健康分会, 中国老年医学学会认知障碍分会. 适用于记忆门诊和痴呆风险筛查的电子化测评工具与应用方案专家共识(2019). 中华老年医学杂志, 2019, 38(12): 1317-1321.
12. Li N, Yang X, Du W, et al. Exploratory research on key technology of human-computer interactive 2. 5-minute fast digital early warning for mild cognitive impairment. Comput Intell Neurosci, 2022, 2022: 2495330.
13. Roebuck-Spencer TM, Glen T, Puente AE, et al. Cognitive screening tests versus comprehensive neuropsychological test batteries: a national academy of neuropsychology education paper. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 2017, 32(4): 491-498.
14. Chan JYC, Yau STY, Kwok TCY, et al. Diagnostic performance of digital cognitive tests for the identification of MCI and dementia: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev, 2021, 72: 101506.
15. Charalambous AP, Pye A, Yeung WK, et al. Tools for app- and web-based self-testing of cognitive impairment: systematic search and evaluation. J Med Internet Res, 2020, 22(1): e14551.
16. 孟秋艳, 尹惠茹, 王硕, 等. 老年轻度认知障碍患者计算机化认知筛查测试的研究进展. 中华护理杂志, 2019, 54(7): 1023-1027.
17. Yu K, Zhang S, Wang Q, et al. Development of a computerized tool for the chinese version of the montreal cognitive assessment for screening mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr, 2014, 27(2): 213-219.
18. Wu J, Tu J, Liu Z, et al. An effective test (eomciss) for screening older adults with mild cognitive impairment in a community setting: development and validation study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e40858.
19. Lenehan ME, Summers MJ, Saunders NL, et al. Does the cambridge automated neuropsychological test battery (CANTAB) distinguish between cognitive domains in healthy older adults. Assessment, 2016, 23(2): 163-172.
20. Dougherty JH, Cannon RL, Nicholas CR, et al. The computerized self test (CST): an interactive, internet accessible cognitive screening test for dementia. J Alzheimers Dis, 2010, 20(1): 185-195.
21. Woodhouse J, Heyanka DJ, Scott J, et al. Efficacy of the ANAM general neuropsychological screening battery (ANAM GNS) for detecting neurocognitive impairment in a mixed clinical sample. Clin Neuropsychol, 2013, 27(3): 376-385.
22. Bissig D, Kaye J, Erten-Lyons D. Validation of SATURN, a free, electronic, self-administered cognitive screening test. Alzheimers Dement (N Y), 2020, 6(1): e12116.
23. Lin CW, Mao TY, Huang CF. A novel game-based intelligent test for detecting elderly cognitive function impairment. Comput Math Methods Med, 2021, 2021: 1698406.
24. Park JH, Jung M, Kim J, et al. Validity of a novel computerized screening test system for mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatr, 2018, 30(10): 1455-1463.
25. Inoue M, Jinbo D, Nakamura Y, et al. Development and evaluation of a computerized test battery for Alzheimer's disease screening in community-based settings. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2009, 24(2): 129-135.
26. Onoda K, Hamano T, Nabika Y, et al. Validation of a new mass screening tool for cognitive impairment: cognitive assessment for dementia, iPad version. Clin Interv Aging, 2013, 8: 353-360.
27. Wallace SE, Donoso Brown EV, Simpson RC, et al. A comparison of electronic and paper versions of the Montreal cognitive assessment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2019, 33(3): 272-278.
28. Possin KL, Moskowitz T, Erlhoff SJ, et al. The brain health assessment for detecting and diagnosing neurocognitive disorders. J Am Geriatr Soc, 2018, 66(1): 150-156.
29. Wong A, Fong CH, Mok VC, et al. Computerized cognitive screen (CoCoSc): a self-administered computerized test for screening for cognitive impairment in community social centers. J Alzheimers Dis, 2017, 59(4): 1299-1306.
30. Ni X, Wu F, Song J, et al. Chinese expert consensus on assessment of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Aging Med (Milton), 2022, 5(3): 154-166.
31. Doniger GM, Zucker DM, Schweiger A, et al. Towards practical cognitive assessment for detection of early dementia: a 30-minute computerized battery discriminates as well as longer testing. Curr Alzheimer Res, 2005, 2(2): 117-124.
32. 闫明丽, 陈立. 基于虚拟超市的老年轻度认知障碍筛查软件的开发与效果评价. 吉林: 吉林大学, 2022.
33. Sakai H, Nagano A, Seki K, et al. Development of a cognitive function test using virtual reality technology: examination in healthy participants. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn, 2018, 25(4): 561-575.
34. Zygouris S, Iliadou P, Lazarou E, et al. Detection of mild cognitive impairment in an at-risk group of older adults: can a novel self-administered serious game-based screening test improve diagnostic accuracy. J Alzheimers Dis, 2020, 78(1): 405-412.
35. Tsoy E, Zygouris S, Possin KL. Current state of self-administered brief computerized cognitive assessments for detection of cognitive disorders in older adults: a systematic review. J Prev Alzheimers Dis, 2021, 8(3): 267-276.
36. 中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南写作组, 中国医师协会神经内科医师分会认知障碍疾病专业委员会. 2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南(五): 轻度认知障碍的诊断与治疗. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(17): 1294-1301.
37. Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med, 2004, 256(3): 183-194.
38. Scharre DW, Chang SI, Nagaraja HN, et al. Digitally translated self-administered gerocognitive examination (eSAGE): relationship with its validated paper version, neuropsychological evaluations, and clinical assessments. Alzheimers Res Ther, 2017, 9(1): 44.
39. Zygouris S, Tsolaki M. Computerized cognitive testing for older adults: a review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2015, 30(1): 13-28.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

The application of electronic assessment tools for cognitive function

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