自身免疫性脑炎癫痫相关临床特征的研究进展_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

赵骎 ,  王芙蓉

华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经科(武汉 430000);

Corresponding author：

王芙蓉, Email: wangfurong.china@163.com

Keywords：

自身免疫性脑炎; 癫痫; 抗癫痫药物

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20170080

Video：

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自身免疫性脑炎(Autoimmune encephalopathies，AE)指一类由自身免疫机制介导的脑炎，其主要临床表现为情绪、性格改变，记忆力下降，精神行为异常及癫痫发作。其中癫痫发作是AE常见的症状之一，对于某些类型的AE有特征性表现，文章针对AE相关癫痫的临床表现、脑电图特征及抗癫痫治疗等方面，总结了近年来自身免疫性脑炎相关癫痫的主要研究进展。

Citation： 赵骎, 王芙蓉. 自身免疫性脑炎癫痫相关临床特征的研究进展. Journal of Epilepsy, 2017, 3(6): 502-504. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20170080 Copy

1.	Lancaster E, Dalmau J. Neuronal autoantigens—pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing. Nat Rev Neurol, 2012, 19(8): 380-390.
2.	Leypoldt F, Armangue T, Dalmau J. Autoimmune encephalopathies. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2015, 1338(1): 94-114.
3.	Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol, 2007, 61(1): 25-36.
4.	Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(2): 157-165.
5.	Titulaer MJ, Dalmau J. Seizures as first symptom of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are more common in men. Neurology, 2014, 82 (7): 550-551.
6.	Viaccoz A, Desestret V, Ducray F, et al. Clinical specificities of adult male patients with NMDA receptor antibodies encephalitis. Neurology, 2014, 82(2): 556-563.
7.	Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7(12): 1091-1098.
8.	Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, et al. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology, 2012, 79(11): 1094-1100.
9.	Veciana M, Becerra JL, Fossas P, et al. EEG extreme delta brush: an ictal pattern in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav, 2015, 49(8): 280-285.
10.	Chanson E, Bicilli É, Lauxerois M, et al.Anti-NMDA-R encephalitis: Should we consider extreme delta brush as electrical status epilepticus. Neurophysiol Clin, 2016, 46(1): 17-25.
11.	Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, et al. Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol, 2011, 69(5): 892-900.
12.	van Sonderen A, Thijs RD, Coenders EC, et al. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: clinical syndrome and long-term follow-up. Neurology, 2016, 87(10): 1449-1456.
13.	van Sonderen A, Schreurs MW, Wirtz PW, et al. From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: the evolution of a disease entity over time. Autoimmun Rev, 2016, 15(10): 970-974.
14.	Gastaldi M, Thouin A, Vincent A. Antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalopathies and immunotherapies. Neurotherapeutics, 2016, 13(1): 147-162.
15.	Aurangzeb S, Symmonds M, Knight RK, et al.LGI1-antibody encephalitis is characterised by frequent, multifocal clinical and subclinical seizures. Seizure, 2017, 50(8): 14-17.
16.	Wang M, Cao X, Liu Q. et al.Clinical features of limbic encephalitis with LGI1 antibody. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2017, 13(1): 1589-1596.
17.	Kotsenas AL, Watson RE, Pittock SJ, et al. MRI findings in autoimmune voltage gated potassium channel complex encephalitis with seizures: one potential etiology for mesial temporal sclerosis. Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35(1): 84-89.
18.	Navarro V, Kas A, Apartis E, et al. Motor cortex and hippocampus are the two main cortical targets in LGI1-antibody encephalitis. Brain, 2016, 139(6): 1079-1093.
19.	Malter MP, Frisch C, Schoene-Bake JC, et al. Outcome of limbic encephalitis with VGKC-complex antibodies: relation to antigenic specificity. J Neurol, 2014, 261(9): 1695-1705.
20.	Finke C, Prüss H, Heine J, et al. Evaluation of cognitive deficits and structural hippocampal damage in encephalitis with leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 antibodies. JAMA Neurol, 2017, 74(1): 50-59.
21.	Höftberger R, Titulaer MJ, SabaterL, et al. Encephalitis and GABAB receptor antibodies: novel findings in a new case series of 20 patients. Neurology, 2013, 81(17): 1500-1506.
22.	Jeffery OJ, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, et al. GABAB receptor autoantibody frequency in service serologic evaluation. Neurology, 2013, 81(10): 882-887.
23.	Lancaster E, Lai M, Peng X, et al. Antibodies to the GABA(_B) receptor in limbic encephalitis with seizures: case series and characterisation of the antigen. Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(1): 67-76.
24.	Lai M, Hughes EG, Peng X, et al. AMPA receptor antibodies in limbic encephalitis alter synaptic receptor location. Ann Neurol, 2009, 65(4): 424-434.
25.	Höftberger R, van Sonderen A, Leypoldt F, et al. Encephalitis and AMPA receptor antibodies: novel findings in a case series of 22 patients. Neurology, 2015, 84(3): 2403-2412.
26.	Petit-Pedrol M, Armangue T, Peng X, et al. Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and antibodies to the GABAA receptor: a case series, characterisation of the antigen, and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(3): 276-86.
27.	Irani SR, Alexander S, Waters P, et al. Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Brain, 2010, 133(9): 2734-2748.
28.	Joubert B, Saint-Martin M, Noraz N, et al. Characterization of a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, Prominent Limbic Symptoms, and Seizures. JAMA Neurol, 2016, 73(9): 1115-1124.
29.	Toledano M, Britton JW, Mc Keon A, et al. Utility of an immunotherapy trial in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune epilepsy. Neurology, 2014, 82(18): 1578-1586.
30.	刘洁, 罗向东, 陈杰, 等.自身免疫性脑炎脑电图及诱发电位特点—附8例病例报告.癫痫杂志, 2017, 3(1): 33-38.
31.	Feyissa AM, López Chiriboga AS, Britton JW. Antiepileptic drug therapy in patients with autoimmune epilepsy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2017, 4(4): e353.

1. Lancaster E, Dalmau J. Neuronal autoantigens—pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing. Nat Rev Neurol, 2012, 19(8): 380-390.
2. Leypoldt F, Armangue T, Dalmau J. Autoimmune encephalopathies. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2015, 1338(1): 94-114.
3. Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY, et al. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Ann Neurol, 2007, 61(1): 25-36.
4. Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(2): 157-165.
5. Titulaer MJ, Dalmau J. Seizures as first symptom of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are more common in men. Neurology, 2014, 82 (7): 550-551.
6. Viaccoz A, Desestret V, Ducray F, et al. Clinical specificities of adult male patients with NMDA receptor antibodies encephalitis. Neurology, 2014, 82(2): 556-563.
7. Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG, et al. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol, 2008, 7(12): 1091-1098.
8. Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, et al. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology, 2012, 79(11): 1094-1100.
9. Veciana M, Becerra JL, Fossas P, et al. EEG extreme delta brush: an ictal pattern in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav, 2015, 49(8): 280-285.
10. Chanson E, Bicilli É, Lauxerois M, et al.Anti-NMDA-R encephalitis: Should we consider extreme delta brush as electrical status epilepticus. Neurophysiol Clin, 2016, 46(1): 17-25.
11. Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, et al. Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol, 2011, 69(5): 892-900.
12. van Sonderen A, Thijs RD, Coenders EC, et al. Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: clinical syndrome and long-term follow-up. Neurology, 2016, 87(10): 1449-1456.
13. van Sonderen A, Schreurs MW, Wirtz PW, et al. From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: the evolution of a disease entity over time. Autoimmun Rev, 2016, 15(10): 970-974.
14. Gastaldi M, Thouin A, Vincent A. Antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalopathies and immunotherapies. Neurotherapeutics, 2016, 13(1): 147-162.
15. Aurangzeb S, Symmonds M, Knight RK, et al.LGI1-antibody encephalitis is characterised by frequent, multifocal clinical and subclinical seizures. Seizure, 2017, 50(8): 14-17.
16. Wang M, Cao X, Liu Q. et al.Clinical features of limbic encephalitis with LGI1 antibody. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2017, 13(1): 1589-1596.
17. Kotsenas AL, Watson RE, Pittock SJ, et al. MRI findings in autoimmune voltage gated potassium channel complex encephalitis with seizures: one potential etiology for mesial temporal sclerosis. Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35(1): 84-89.
18. Navarro V, Kas A, Apartis E, et al. Motor cortex and hippocampus are the two main cortical targets in LGI1-antibody encephalitis. Brain, 2016, 139(6): 1079-1093.
19. Malter MP, Frisch C, Schoene-Bake JC, et al. Outcome of limbic encephalitis with VGKC-complex antibodies: relation to antigenic specificity. J Neurol, 2014, 261(9): 1695-1705.
20. Finke C, Prüss H, Heine J, et al. Evaluation of cognitive deficits and structural hippocampal damage in encephalitis with leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 antibodies. JAMA Neurol, 2017, 74(1): 50-59.
21. Höftberger R, Titulaer MJ, SabaterL, et al. Encephalitis and GABAB receptor antibodies: novel findings in a new case series of 20 patients. Neurology, 2013, 81(17): 1500-1506.
22. Jeffery OJ, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, et al. GABAB receptor autoantibody frequency in service serologic evaluation. Neurology, 2013, 81(10): 882-887.
23. Lancaster E, Lai M, Peng X, et al. Antibodies to the GABA(_B) receptor in limbic encephalitis with seizures: case series and characterisation of the antigen. Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(1): 67-76.
24. Lai M, Hughes EG, Peng X, et al. AMPA receptor antibodies in limbic encephalitis alter synaptic receptor location. Ann Neurol, 2009, 65(4): 424-434.
25. Höftberger R, van Sonderen A, Leypoldt F, et al. Encephalitis and AMPA receptor antibodies: novel findings in a case series of 22 patients. Neurology, 2015, 84(3): 2403-2412.
26. Petit-Pedrol M, Armangue T, Peng X, et al. Encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and antibodies to the GABAA receptor: a case series, characterisation of the antigen, and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13(3): 276-86.
27. Irani SR, Alexander S, Waters P, et al. Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Brain, 2010, 133(9): 2734-2748.
28. Joubert B, Saint-Martin M, Noraz N, et al. Characterization of a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid, Prominent Limbic Symptoms, and Seizures. JAMA Neurol, 2016, 73(9): 1115-1124.
29. Toledano M, Britton JW, Mc Keon A, et al. Utility of an immunotherapy trial in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune epilepsy. Neurology, 2014, 82(18): 1578-1586.
30. 刘洁, 罗向东, 陈杰, 等.自身免疫性脑炎脑电图及诱发电位特点—附8例病例报告.癫痫杂志, 2017, 3(1): 33-38.
31. Feyissa AM, López Chiriboga AS, Britton JW. Antiepileptic drug therapy in patients with autoimmune epilepsy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2017, 4(4): e353.

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