脑电图检查对自身免疫性脑炎的诊断进展_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

张祎凡 ^1,2 , 邵晓秋 ^1,2 ,  王群 ^1,2

1. ;
2. ;

Corresponding author：

王群, Email: qwang64@163.com

Keywords：

自身免疫性脑炎; 脑电图; 诊断

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.20190049

Video：

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对近年自身免疫性脑炎病例研究中脑电图（EEG）的特点进行综述。EEG 对于自身免疫性脑炎的诊断有着高于其他检查的敏感性，常见的异常表现为弥漫性或局灶慢波改变，且近年发现极度 δ 刷为抗 N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体脑炎相对特异性 EEG 改变，有助于对自身免疫性脑炎的诊断。但其他自身免疫性脑炎的 EEG 总结资料相对较少，应进一步进行总结研究。

Citation： 张祎凡, 邵晓秋, 王群. 脑电图检查对自身免疫性脑炎的诊断进展. Journal of Epilepsy, 2019, 5(4): 289-291. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.20190049 Copy

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2.	Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2010, 10(12): 835-844.
3.	王得新, 刘磊. 自身免疫性脑炎现代概念与分类. 中国实用内科杂志, 2012, 32(11): 824-825.
4.	Lancaster E. The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis. Clin Neurol, 2016, 12(1): 1-13.
5.	Wingfield T, McHugh C, Vas A, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: acaseseriesandcomprehensivereviewof theliterature. QJM, 2011, 104(11): 921-931.
6.	Baysal-Kirac L, Tuzun E, Altindag E, et al. Are There any specific EEG findings in autoimmune epilepsies? Clin EEG Neurosci, 2016, 47(3): 224-234.
7.	Hacohen Y, Wright S, Waters P, et al. Paediatric autoimmune encephalopathies: clinical features, laboratory investigations and outcomes in patients with or without antibodies to known central nervous system autoantigens. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2013, 84(7): 748-755.
8.	Guan HZ, Ren HT, Cui LY. Autoimmune encephalitis: anexpandingfrontierofneuroimmunology. Chin Med J (Engl), 2016, 129(9): 1122-1127.
9.	Cyril AC, Nair SS, Mathai A, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical diagnosis versus antibody confirmation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 2015, 18(4): 408-411.
10.	Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, et al. The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the california encephalitis project. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(7): 899-904.
11.	Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, et al. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology, 2012, 79(11): 1094-1100.
12.	Mei LP, Li LP, Ye J, et al. A special electroencephalography pattern might help in the diagnosis of antibody-positive encephalitis. Chin Med J (Engl), 2015, 128(18): 2474-2477.
13.	Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilonda I, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long term outcome in patients with anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis: a cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(2): 157-165.
14.	Da SF, Castro LH, Andrade JQ, et al. Serial and prolonged EEG monitoring in anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor encephalitis. Clin Neurophysiol, 2014, 125(8): 1541-1544.
15.	Tokunaga S, Ide M, Ishihara T, et al. Transient extreme spindles in a young child with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report. Brain Dev, 2019, 41(2): 210-213.
16.	John S, Timothy A, eds. Current practice of clinical electroencephalography, 3rd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003: 160-234.
17.	李静, 杨渝, 陆正齐. 自身免疫性脑炎的脑电图表现. 中华医学会第十八次全国神经病学学术会议论文汇编. 2015: 654.
18.	Lai M, Huijbers MGM, Lancaster E, et al. Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(8): 776-785.
19.	Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, et al. Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol, 2011, 69(5): 892-900.
20.	Flanagan EP, Kotsenas AL, Britton JW, et al. Basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity in LGI1-autoantibody faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2015, 2(6): e161.
21.	Guan HZ, Ren HT, Yang XZ, et al. Limbicencephalitisassociated with anti-γ-aminobutyricacidB receptor antibodies: a case series from China. Chin Med J (Engl), 2015, 128(22): 3023-3028.
22.	林卫红, 崔俐, 王赞, 等. 自身免疫性脑炎癫痫发作类型及脑电图特点分析——附 15 例病例报告. 中华医学会神经病分会第十次全国脑电图与癫痫诊治进展高级讲授班及学术研讨会论文汇编, 2015: 22.
23.	Henchey R, Cibula J, Helveston W, et al. Electroencephalographic findings in hashimoto's encephalopathy. Neurology, 1995, 45(5): 977-981.
24.	Schäuble B, Castillo PR, Boeve BF, et al. EEG findings in steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. Clin Neurophysiol, 2003, 114(1): 32-37.
25.	Chong JY, Rowland LP, Utiger RD. Hashimoto encephalopathy: syndrome or myth? Arch Neurol, 2003, 60(2): 164-171.

1. Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 47(3): 303-327.
2. Granerod J, Ambrose HE, Davies NW, et al. Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study. Lancet Infect Dis, 2010, 10(12): 835-844.
3. 王得新, 刘磊. 自身免疫性脑炎现代概念与分类. 中国实用内科杂志, 2012, 32(11): 824-825.
4. Lancaster E. The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis. Clin Neurol, 2016, 12(1): 1-13.
5. Wingfield T, McHugh C, Vas A, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: acaseseriesandcomprehensivereviewof theliterature. QJM, 2011, 104(11): 921-931.
6. Baysal-Kirac L, Tuzun E, Altindag E, et al. Are There any specific EEG findings in autoimmune epilepsies? Clin EEG Neurosci, 2016, 47(3): 224-234.
7. Hacohen Y, Wright S, Waters P, et al. Paediatric autoimmune encephalopathies: clinical features, laboratory investigations and outcomes in patients with or without antibodies to known central nervous system autoantigens. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2013, 84(7): 748-755.
8. Guan HZ, Ren HT, Cui LY. Autoimmune encephalitis: anexpandingfrontierofneuroimmunology. Chin Med J (Engl), 2016, 129(9): 1122-1127.
9. Cyril AC, Nair SS, Mathai A, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical diagnosis versus antibody confirmation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 2015, 18(4): 408-411.
10. Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, et al. The frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the california encephalitis project. Clin Infect Dis, 2012, 54(7): 899-904.
11. Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, et al. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology, 2012, 79(11): 1094-1100.
12. Mei LP, Li LP, Ye J, et al. A special electroencephalography pattern might help in the diagnosis of antibody-positive encephalitis. Chin Med J (Engl), 2015, 128(18): 2474-2477.
13. Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilonda I, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long term outcome in patients with anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis: a cohort study. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(2): 157-165.
14. Da SF, Castro LH, Andrade JQ, et al. Serial and prolonged EEG monitoring in anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor encephalitis. Clin Neurophysiol, 2014, 125(8): 1541-1544.
15. Tokunaga S, Ide M, Ishihara T, et al. Transient extreme spindles in a young child with anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report. Brain Dev, 2019, 41(2): 210-213.
16. John S, Timothy A, eds. Current practice of clinical electroencephalography, 3rd ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003: 160-234.
17. 李静, 杨渝, 陆正齐. 自身免疫性脑炎的脑电图表现. 中华医学会第十八次全国神经病学学术会议论文汇编. 2015: 654.
18. Lai M, Huijbers MGM, Lancaster E, et al. Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol, 2010, 9(8): 776-785.
19. Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B, et al. Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol, 2011, 69(5): 892-900.
20. Flanagan EP, Kotsenas AL, Britton JW, et al. Basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity in LGI1-autoantibody faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2015, 2(6): e161.
21. Guan HZ, Ren HT, Yang XZ, et al. Limbicencephalitisassociated with anti-γ-aminobutyricacidB receptor antibodies: a case series from China. Chin Med J (Engl), 2015, 128(22): 3023-3028.
22. 林卫红, 崔俐, 王赞, 等. 自身免疫性脑炎癫痫发作类型及脑电图特点分析——附 15 例病例报告. 中华医学会神经病分会第十次全国脑电图与癫痫诊治进展高级讲授班及学术研讨会论文汇编, 2015: 22.
23. Henchey R, Cibula J, Helveston W, et al. Electroencephalographic findings in hashimoto's encephalopathy. Neurology, 1995, 45(5): 977-981.
24. Schäuble B, Castillo PR, Boeve BF, et al. EEG findings in steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. Clin Neurophysiol, 2003, 114(1): 32-37.
25. Chong JY, Rowland LP, Utiger RD. Hashimoto encephalopathy: syndrome or myth? Arch Neurol, 2003, 60(2): 164-171.

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