癫痫外科手术技术专家共识——第六篇：中央区癫痫外科手术技术专家共识_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

中国抗癫痫协会青年委员会 , 谭启富癫痫外科发展专项基金管理委员会 , 北京神经科学学会脑功能性疾病与认知发育专业委员会 , 国家儿科及小儿外科专业医疗质量控制中心 , 《癫痫杂志》编辑部

执笔王秀（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），张凯（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），梁建民（吉林大学白求恩第一医院），王爽（浙江大学医学院附属第二医院），王丰（福建医科大学附属第一医院），胡文瀚（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），张弨（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），赵宝田（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），莫嘉杰（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院），邵晓秋（首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院）;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202409001

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1.	Delev D, Send K, Wagner J, et al. Epilepsy surgery of the rolandic and immediate perirolandic cortex: surgical outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(10): 1585-1593.
2.	Behdad A, Limbrick D, Bertrand M, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with seizures arising from the rolandic cortex. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(6): 1450-1461.
3.	Shields WD, Snead OC. Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(Suppl 8): 10-15.
4.	Pondal-Sordo M, Diosy D, Tellez-Zenteno J-F, et al. Epilepsy surgery involving the sensory-motor cortex. Brain, 2006, 129(Pt 12): 3307-3314.
5.	Wang S, Zhang H, Liu C, et al. Surgical treatment of children with drug-resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area. Epileptic Disorder, 2021, 23(2): 376-384.
6.	Vigano L, Fornia L, Rossi M, et al. Anatomo-functional characterisation of the human "hand-knob": a direct electrophysiological study. Cortex, 2019, 113: 239-254.
7.	Strick P, Dum R, Rathelot J. The cortical motor areas and the emergence of motor skills: a neuroanatomical perspective. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2021, 44425-447.
8.	Frigeri T, Paglioli E, de Oliveira E, et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the central lobe. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2015, 122(3): 483-498.
9.	Mai J, George P. The Human Nervous System (third edition). Academic Press, 2011: 1-1248.
10.	A Majos, Tybor K, Stefanczyk L, et al. Cortical mapping by functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumors. European Radiology, 2005, 15(6): 1148-1158.
11.	Pirotte B, Voordecker P, Neugroschl C, et al. Combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuronavigation and intraoperative cortical brain mapping improves targeting of motor cortex stimulation in neuropathic pain. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62(Suppl 3): 941-956.
12.	De Witt H, Robles S, Zwinderman A, et al. Impact of intraoperative stimulation brain mapping on glioma surgery outcome: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2012, 30(20): 2559-2565.
13.	Duffau H, Capelle L, Denvil D, et al. Usefulness of intraoperative electrical subcortical mapping during surgery for low-grade gliomas located within eloquent brain regions: functional results in a consecutive series of 103 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2003, 98(4): 764-778.
14.	Majos A, Bryszewski B, Kosla K, et al. Process of the functional reorganization of the cortical centers for movement in GBM patients: fMRI study. Clinical Neuroradiology, 2017, 27(1): 71-79.
15.	Jeong J, Asano E, Juhasz C, et al. Quantification of primary motor pathways using diffusion MRI tractography and its application to predict postoperative motor deficits in children with focal epilepsy. Human Brain Mapping, 2014, 35(7): 3216-3226.
16.	Vitikainen A, Salli E, Lioumis P, et al. Applicability of nTMS in locating the motor cortical representation areas in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 2013, 155(3): 507-518.
17.	Duncan J, Winston G, Koepp M, et al. Brain imaging in the assessment for epilepsy surgery. Lancet Neurology, 2016, 15(4): 420-433.
18.	De Momi E, Ferrigno G, Bosoni G, et al. A method for the assessment of time-varying brain shift during navigated epilepsy surgery. Internation Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2016, 11(3): 473-481.
19.	Roth J, Korn A, Sala F, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiology in pediatric supratentorial surgery: experience with 57 cases. Children's Nervous System, 2020, 36(2): 315-324.
20.	Lieberman J, Lyon R, Feiner J, et al. The effect of age on motor evoked potentials in children under propofol/isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2006, 103(2): 316-321.
21.	Sala F, Manganotti P, Grossauer S, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the motor system in children: a tailored approach. Children's Nervous System, 2010, 26(4): 473-490.
22.	Sacino M, Ho C, Murnick J, et al. The role of intraoperative MRI in resective epilepsy surgery for peri-eloquent cortex cortical dysplasias and heterotopias in pediatric patients. Neurosurgical Focus, 2016, 40(3): E16.
23.	Sommer B, Grummich P, Coras R, et al. Integration of functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI in surgery for drug-resistant extratemporal epilepsy close to eloquent brain areas. Neurosurgical Focus, 2013, 34(4): E4.
24.	Danckert J, Mirsattari S, Danckert S, et al. Spared somatomotor and cognitive functions in a patient with a large porencephalic cyst revealed by fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 2004, 42(3): 405-418.
25.	Jaillard A, Martin C, Garambois K, et al. Vicarious function within the human primary motor cortex? A longitudinal fMRI stroke study. Brain, 2005, 128(Pt 5): 1122-1138.
26.	Hemb M, Paglioli E, Dubeau F, et al. "Mirror EPC": epilepsia partialis continua shifting sides after rolandic resection in dysplasia. Neurology, 2014, 83(16): 1439-1443.
27.	Chen H, Chen C, Hung S, et al. Cognitive and epilepsy outcomes after epilepsy surgery caused by focal cortical dysplasia in children: early intervention maybe better. Children's Nervous System, 2014, 30(11): 1885-1895.
28.	Chassoux F, Mellerio C, Laurent A, et al. Benefits and risks of epilepsy surgery in patients with focal cortical dysplasia type 2 in the central region. Neurology, 2022, 99(1): e11-e22.
29.	Marusic P, Najm I, Ying Z, et al. Focal cortical dysplasias in eloquent cortex: functional characteristics and correlation with MRI and histopathologic changes. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(1): 27-32.
30.	Girvin J 著, 谭启富, 张建国, 栾国明译. 癫痫外科手术技术. 人民军医出版社, 2015: 1-186.
31.	胡文瀚, 王秀, 张弨, 等. 脑表面三维重建技术在局灶性皮质发育不良切除术中的应用. 立体定向和功能性神经外科杂志, 2018, 31(02): 65-69.
32.	Isnard J, Taussig D, Bartolomei F, et al. French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Clinical Neurophysiology, 2018, 48(1): 5-13.
33.	Maillard L, Tassi L, Bartolomei F, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography and surgical outcome in polymicrogyria-related epilepsy: a multicentric study. Annals of Neurology, 2017, 82(5): 781-794.
34.	Chassoux F, Devaux B, Landre E, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography in focal cortical dysplasia: a 3D approach to delineating the dysplastic cortex. Brain, 2000, 123 ( Pt 8)1733-1751.
35.	Bourdillon P, Isnard J, Catenoix H, et al. Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG-guided RF-TC) in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: results from a 10-year experience. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(1): 85-93.
36.	Cossu M, Cardinale F, Casaceli G, et al. Stereo-EEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulations. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(Suppl 1): 166-172.
37.	Youngerman B, Save A, McKhann G. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for epilepsy: systematic review of technique, indications, and outcomes. Neurosurgery, 2020, 86(4): E366-E382.
38.	Rolston J, Deng H, Wang D, et al. Multiple subpial transections for medically refractory epilepsy: a disaggregated review of patient-level data. Neurosurgery, 2018, 82(5): 613-620.
39.	中国抗癫痫协会. 临床技术操作规范-癫痫外科分册. 人民卫生出版社, 2022.
40.	Englot D, Chang E, Auguste K. Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2011, 115(6): 1248-1255.
41.	Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Neurology, 2015, 84(10): 1017-1025.
42.	Yan H, Wang X, Zhang X, et al. Deep brain stimulation for patients with refractory epilepsy: nuclei selection and surgical outcome. Frontiers in Neurology, 2023, 14: 1169105.
43.	Nair D, Laxer K, Weber P, et al. Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy. Neurology, 2020, 95(9): e1244-e1256.
44.	Sakai K, Ikeda Y. Clinical assessment of motor imagery and physical function in mild stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2019, 31(12): 992-996.
45.	王引言, 方晟宇, 李连旺, 等. 重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑胶质瘤术后运动功能障碍的临床分析(附五例报告). 中华神经外科杂志, 2020, 36(5): 458-462.
46.	中国医师协会脑胶质瘤专业委员会. 中国神经外科术后加速康复外科(ERAS)专家共识. 中华神经外科杂志, 2020, 36(10): 973-983.

1. Delev D, Send K, Wagner J, et al. Epilepsy surgery of the rolandic and immediate perirolandic cortex: surgical outcome and prognostic factors. Epilepsia, 2014, 55(10): 1585-1593.
2. Behdad A, Limbrick D, Bertrand M, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with seizures arising from the rolandic cortex. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(6): 1450-1461.
3. Shields WD, Snead OC. Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsia, 2009, 50(Suppl 8): 10-15.
4. Pondal-Sordo M, Diosy D, Tellez-Zenteno J-F, et al. Epilepsy surgery involving the sensory-motor cortex. Brain, 2006, 129(Pt 12): 3307-3314.
5. Wang S, Zhang H, Liu C, et al. Surgical treatment of children with drug-resistant epilepsy involving the Rolandic area. Epileptic Disorder, 2021, 23(2): 376-384.
6. Vigano L, Fornia L, Rossi M, et al. Anatomo-functional characterisation of the human "hand-knob": a direct electrophysiological study. Cortex, 2019, 113: 239-254.
7. Strick P, Dum R, Rathelot J. The cortical motor areas and the emergence of motor skills: a neuroanatomical perspective. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2021, 44425-447.
8. Frigeri T, Paglioli E, de Oliveira E, et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the central lobe. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2015, 122(3): 483-498.
9. Mai J, George P. The Human Nervous System (third edition). Academic Press, 2011: 1-1248.
10. A Majos, Tybor K, Stefanczyk L, et al. Cortical mapping by functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with brain tumors. European Radiology, 2005, 15(6): 1148-1158.
11. Pirotte B, Voordecker P, Neugroschl C, et al. Combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuronavigation and intraoperative cortical brain mapping improves targeting of motor cortex stimulation in neuropathic pain. Neurosurgery, 2008, 62(Suppl 3): 941-956.
12. De Witt H, Robles S, Zwinderman A, et al. Impact of intraoperative stimulation brain mapping on glioma surgery outcome: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2012, 30(20): 2559-2565.
13. Duffau H, Capelle L, Denvil D, et al. Usefulness of intraoperative electrical subcortical mapping during surgery for low-grade gliomas located within eloquent brain regions: functional results in a consecutive series of 103 patients. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2003, 98(4): 764-778.
14. Majos A, Bryszewski B, Kosla K, et al. Process of the functional reorganization of the cortical centers for movement in GBM patients: fMRI study. Clinical Neuroradiology, 2017, 27(1): 71-79.
15. Jeong J, Asano E, Juhasz C, et al. Quantification of primary motor pathways using diffusion MRI tractography and its application to predict postoperative motor deficits in children with focal epilepsy. Human Brain Mapping, 2014, 35(7): 3216-3226.
16. Vitikainen A, Salli E, Lioumis P, et al. Applicability of nTMS in locating the motor cortical representation areas in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien), 2013, 155(3): 507-518.
17. Duncan J, Winston G, Koepp M, et al. Brain imaging in the assessment for epilepsy surgery. Lancet Neurology, 2016, 15(4): 420-433.
18. De Momi E, Ferrigno G, Bosoni G, et al. A method for the assessment of time-varying brain shift during navigated epilepsy surgery. Internation Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 2016, 11(3): 473-481.
19. Roth J, Korn A, Sala F, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiology in pediatric supratentorial surgery: experience with 57 cases. Children's Nervous System, 2020, 36(2): 315-324.
20. Lieberman J, Lyon R, Feiner J, et al. The effect of age on motor evoked potentials in children under propofol/isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2006, 103(2): 316-321.
21. Sala F, Manganotti P, Grossauer S, et al. Intraoperative neurophysiology of the motor system in children: a tailored approach. Children's Nervous System, 2010, 26(4): 473-490.
22. Sacino M, Ho C, Murnick J, et al. The role of intraoperative MRI in resective epilepsy surgery for peri-eloquent cortex cortical dysplasias and heterotopias in pediatric patients. Neurosurgical Focus, 2016, 40(3): E16.
23. Sommer B, Grummich P, Coras R, et al. Integration of functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI in surgery for drug-resistant extratemporal epilepsy close to eloquent brain areas. Neurosurgical Focus, 2013, 34(4): E4.
24. Danckert J, Mirsattari S, Danckert S, et al. Spared somatomotor and cognitive functions in a patient with a large porencephalic cyst revealed by fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 2004, 42(3): 405-418.
25. Jaillard A, Martin C, Garambois K, et al. Vicarious function within the human primary motor cortex? A longitudinal fMRI stroke study. Brain, 2005, 128(Pt 5): 1122-1138.
26. Hemb M, Paglioli E, Dubeau F, et al. "Mirror EPC": epilepsia partialis continua shifting sides after rolandic resection in dysplasia. Neurology, 2014, 83(16): 1439-1443.
27. Chen H, Chen C, Hung S, et al. Cognitive and epilepsy outcomes after epilepsy surgery caused by focal cortical dysplasia in children: early intervention maybe better. Children's Nervous System, 2014, 30(11): 1885-1895.
28. Chassoux F, Mellerio C, Laurent A, et al. Benefits and risks of epilepsy surgery in patients with focal cortical dysplasia type 2 in the central region. Neurology, 2022, 99(1): e11-e22.
29. Marusic P, Najm I, Ying Z, et al. Focal cortical dysplasias in eloquent cortex: functional characteristics and correlation with MRI and histopathologic changes. Epilepsia, 2002, 43(1): 27-32.
30. Girvin J 著, 谭启富, 张建国, 栾国明译. 癫痫外科手术技术. 人民军医出版社, 2015: 1-186.
31. 胡文瀚, 王秀, 张弨, 等. 脑表面三维重建技术在局灶性皮质发育不良切除术中的应用. 立体定向和功能性神经外科杂志, 2018, 31(02): 65-69.
32. Isnard J, Taussig D, Bartolomei F, et al. French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Clinical Neurophysiology, 2018, 48(1): 5-13.
33. Maillard L, Tassi L, Bartolomei F, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography and surgical outcome in polymicrogyria-related epilepsy: a multicentric study. Annals of Neurology, 2017, 82(5): 781-794.
34. Chassoux F, Devaux B, Landre E, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography in focal cortical dysplasia: a 3D approach to delineating the dysplastic cortex. Brain, 2000, 123 ( Pt 8)1733-1751.
35. Bourdillon P, Isnard J, Catenoix H, et al. Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG-guided RF-TC) in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: results from a 10-year experience. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(1): 85-93.
36. Cossu M, Cardinale F, Casaceli G, et al. Stereo-EEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulations. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(Suppl 1): 166-172.
37. Youngerman B, Save A, McKhann G. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for epilepsy: systematic review of technique, indications, and outcomes. Neurosurgery, 2020, 86(4): E366-E382.
38. Rolston J, Deng H, Wang D, et al. Multiple subpial transections for medically refractory epilepsy: a disaggregated review of patient-level data. Neurosurgery, 2018, 82(5): 613-620.
39. 中国抗癫痫协会. 临床技术操作规范-癫痫外科分册. 人民卫生出版社, 2022.
40. Englot D, Chang E, Auguste K. Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: a meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2011, 115(6): 1248-1255.
41. Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of thalamic stimulation for drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Neurology, 2015, 84(10): 1017-1025.
42. Yan H, Wang X, Zhang X, et al. Deep brain stimulation for patients with refractory epilepsy: nuclei selection and surgical outcome. Frontiers in Neurology, 2023, 14: 1169105.
43. Nair D, Laxer K, Weber P, et al. Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy. Neurology, 2020, 95(9): e1244-e1256.
44. Sakai K, Ikeda Y. Clinical assessment of motor imagery and physical function in mild stroke patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2019, 31(12): 992-996.
45. 王引言, 方晟宇, 李连旺, 等. 重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑胶质瘤术后运动功能障碍的临床分析(附五例报告). 中华神经外科杂志, 2020, 36(5): 458-462.
46. 中国医师协会脑胶质瘤专业委员会. 中国神经外科术后加速康复外科(ERAS)专家共识. 中华神经外科杂志, 2020, 36(10): 973-983.

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