Advances in The Research and Utilization of MicroRNA in Colorectal Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

PENG Wei ^1,2 , YANG Yun ¹ , LIU Yunxiao ^1,2 ,  SHU Ye ¹

1.Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery， West China Hospital， Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan Province， China;;
2.West China Medical School， Sichuan University， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan Province， China;

Corresponding author：

SHU Ye, Email: sy999222@yahoo.cn

Keywords：

MicroRNA; Colorectal cancer; Diagnosis; Gene therapy; Chemotherapy; Prognosis

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective 　To summarize the relationship between microRNA and the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer， and to investigate the application value of microRNA in the diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer.
Methods 　Domestic and international publications involving the relationship between microRNA and colorectal cancer were retrieved and reviewed.
Results 　MicroRNA acted as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to participate in cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis， metabolism， tumor genesis， and tumor progression. The abnormal expression of microRNA was closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. As specific biomarker， microRNA could be applied in early diagnosis， chemotherapy strategy-making， and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion 　MicroRNA is definitely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer， and it has great prospect in the basic research and clinical applications of colorectal cancer.

Citation： PENG Wei,YANG Yun,LIU Yunxiao,SHU Ye. Advances in The Research and Utilization of MicroRNA in Colorectal Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(6): 691-686. doi: Copy

1.	Ferlay J， Autier P， Boniol M， et al. Estimates of the cancer inci-dence and mortality in Europe in 2006[J]. Ann Oncol， 2007， 18(3)：581-592.
2.	Jemal A， Siegel R， Ward E， et al. Cancer statistics， 2009[J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2009， 59(4)：225-249.
3.	吴菲，林国桢，张晋昕. 我国恶性肿瘤发病现状及趋势[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(2)：81-85.
4.	Schepeler T， Reinert JT， Ostenfeld MS， et al. Diagnostic and prognostic microRNAs in stageⅡcolon cancer[J]. Cancer Res， 2008， 68(15)：6416-6424.
5.	Slaby O， Svoboda M， Fabian P， et al. Altered expression of miR-21，miR-31， miR-143 and miR-145 is related to clinicopathologicfeatures of colorectal cancer[J]. Oncology， 2007， 72(5-6)：397-402.
6.	Esquela-Kerscher A， Slack FJ. Oncomirs-microRNAs with a role in cancer[J]. Nat Rev Cancer， 2006， 6(4)：259-269.
7.	Lund E， Güttinger S， Calado A， et al. Nuclear export of microRNA precursors[J]. Science， 2004， 303(5654)：95-98.
8.	(8)：e43452.
9.	He L， Hannon GJ. MicroRNAs：small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation[J]. Nat Rev Genet， 2004， 5(7)：522-531.
10.	Lai EC. MicroRNAs are complementary to 3′ UTR sequencemotifs that mediate negative post-transcriptional regulation[J]. NatGenet， 2002， 30(4)：363-364.
11.	Lewis BP， Burge CB， Bartel DP. Conserved seed pairing， often flanked by adenosines， indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets[J]. Cell， 2005， 120(1)：15-20.
12.	Lim LP， Lau NC， Garrett-Engele P， et al. Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of targetmRNAs[J]. Nature， 2005， 433(7027)：769-773.
13.	Huang Q， Gumireddy K， Schrier M， et al. The microRNAs miR-373 and miR-520c promote tumour invasion and metastasis[J]. Nat Cell Biol， 2008， 10(2)：202-210.
14.	Hashimoto Y， Akiyama Y， Yuasa Y. Multiple-to-multiple relati-onships between microRNAs and target genes in gastric cancer[J]. PLoS One， 2013， 8(5)：e62589.
15.	Iwaya T， Yokobori T， Nishida N， et al. Downregulation of miR-144 is associated with colorectal cancer progression via activation of mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Carcinogenesis， 2012， 33(12)：2391-2397.
16.	Zhang GJ， Xiao HX， Tian HP， et al. Upregulation of microRNA-.
17.	Chiang Y， Song Y， Wang Z， et al. microRNA-192， -194 and -215are frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer[J]. Exp Ther Med， 2012， 3(3)：560-566.
18.	Nakajima G， Hayashi K， Xi Y， et al. Non-coding microRNAs hsa-let-7g and hsa-miR-181b are associated with chemoresponse to S-1 in colon cancer[J]. Cancer Genomics Proteomics， 2006， 3(5)：317-324.
19.	Díaz R， Silva J， García JM， et al. Deregulated expression of miR-106a predicts survival in human colon cancer patients[J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer， 2008， 47(9)：794-802.
20.	Shibuya H， Iinuma H， Shimada R， et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 in colorectalcancer[J]. Oncology， 2010， 79(3-4)：313-320.
21.	Schetter AJ， Leung SY， Sohn JJ， et al. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colonadenocarcinoma[J]. JAMA， 2008， 299(4)：425-436.
22.	Huang Z， Huang D， Ni S， et al. Plasma microRNAs are promisingnovel biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Cancer， 2010， 127(1)：118-126.
23.	Wang CJ， Zhou ZG， Wang L， et al. Clinicopathological significance of microRNA-31， -143 and -145 expression in colorectal cancer[J]. Dis Markers， 2009， 26(1)：27-34.
24.	Pichler M， Winter E， Stotz M， et al. Down-regulation of KRAS-interacting miRNA-143 predicts poor prognosis but not response to EGFR-targeted agents in colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer， 2012， 106(11)：1826-1832.
25.	Xi Y， Formentini A， Chien M， et al. Prognostic values of microRNAs in colorectal cancer[J]. Biomark Insights， 2006， 2：113-121.
26.	Ferlay J， Shin HR， Bray F， et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008：GLOBOCAN 2008[J]. Int J Cancer， 2010， 127(12)：2893-2917.
27.	Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2009， 361(12)：1179-1187.
28.	Nishiumi S， Kobayashi T， Ikeda A， et al. A novel serum metabo-lomics-based diagnostic approach for colorectal cancer[J]. PLoSOne， 2012， 7(7)：e40459.
29.	Chen C， Ridzon DA， Broomer AJ， et al. Real-time quantificationof microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR[J]. Nucleic Acids Res， 2005， 33(20)：e179.
30.	Link A， Balaguer F， Shen Y， et al. Fecal microRNAs as novel biomarkers for colon cancer screening[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev， 2010， 19(7)：1766-1774.
31.	Kanaan Z， Rai SN， Eichenberger MR， et al. Plasma miR-21：a potential diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg， 2012， 256(3)：544-551.
32.	Cheng H， Zhang L， Cogdell DE， et al. Circulating plasma miR-141 is a novel biomarker for metastatic colon cancer and predicts poor prognosis[J]. PLoS One， 2011， 6(3)：e17745.
33.	increases sensitivity to 5-FU at an early stage， and affects cell migration and invasion in HCT-116 colon cancer cells[J]. BMC Cancer， 2010， 10：616.
34.	Pu XX， Huang GL， Guo HQ， et al. Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression[J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2010， 25(10)：1674-1680.
35.	Wang LG， Gu J. Serum microRNA-29a is a promising novel marker for early detection of colorectal liver metastasis[J]. CancerEpidemiol， 2012， 36(1)：e61-e67.
36.	Koga Y， Yasunaga M， Takahashi A， et al. MicroRNA expression profiling of exfoliated colonocytes isolated from feces for colorectal cancer screening[J]. Cancer Prev Res (Phila)， 2010， 3(11)：1435-1442.
37.	Wu CW， Ng SS， Dong YJ， et al. Detection of miR-92a and miR-21 in stool samples as potential screening biomarkers for colorectal cancer and polyps[J]. Gut， 2012， 61(5)：739-745.
38.	Li JM， Zhao RH， Li ST， et al. Down-regulation of fecal miR-143and miR-145 as potential markers for colorectal cancer[J]. SaudiMed J， 2012， 33(1)：24-29.
39.	Ng EK， Chong WW， Jin H， et al. Differential expression of micro-RNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer：a potential marker for colorectal cancer screening[J]. Gut， 2009， 58(10)：1375-1381.
40.	汪晓东，曹霖，曾天芳，等. 多学科协作诊治模式下新辅助/辅助化疗联合结直肠癌手术的临床效果[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008， 15(8)：615-619.
41.	Aslam MI， Patel M， Singh B， et al. MicroRNA manipulation in colorectal cancer cells：from laboratory to clinical application[J]. J Transl Med， 2012， 10(1)：128.
42.	Weiler J， Hunziker J， Hall J. Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs)：ammunition to target miRNAs implicated in human disease?[J]. Gene Ther， 2006， 13(6)：496-502.
43.	Kauppinen S， Vester B， Wengel J. Locked nucleic acid：high-affinity targeting of complementary RNA for RNomics[J]. Handb Exp Pharmacol， 2006， (173)：405-422.
44.	Asangani IA， Rasheed SA， Nikolova DA， et al. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion， intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer[J]. Oncogene， 2008， 27(15)：2128-2136.
45.	Valeri N， Gasparini P， Braconi C， et al. MicroRNA-21 induces resistance to 5-fluorouracil by down-regulating human DNA MutS homolog 2 (hMSH2)[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A， 2010， 107(49)：21098-21103.
46.	Wang CJ， Stratmann J， Zhou ZG， et al. Suppression of microRNA-.
47.	Ng EK， Tsang WP， Ng SS， et al. MicroRNA-143 targets DNA methyltransferases 3A in colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer， 2009， 101(4)：699-706.
48.	Zhang J， Guo H， Zhang H， et al. Putative tumor suppressor miR-145 inhibits colon cancer cell growth by targeting oncogene Friend leukemia virus integration 1 gene[J]. Cancer， 2011， 117(1)：86-95.
49.	Rossi L， Bonmassar E， Faraoni I. Modification of miR gene expr-ession pattern in human colon cancer cells following exposure to 5-fluorouracil in vitro[J]. Pharmacol Res， 2007， 56(3)：248-253.
50.	Liu K， Li G， Fan C， et al. Increased expression of microRNA-21and its association with chemotherapeutic response in human colo-rectal cancer[J]. J Int Med Res， 2011， 39(6)：2288-2295.
51.	Borralho PM， Kren BT， Castro RE， et al. MicroRNA-143 reduces viability and increases sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells[J]. FEBS J， 2009， 276(22)：6689-6700.
52.	Feng B， Dong TT， Wang LL， et al. Colorectal cancer migrationand invasion initiated by microRNA-106a[J]. PLoS One， 2012，.
53.	promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through the regulation of claudin-1 expression[J]. Int J Mol Med，.
54.	， 31(6)：1375-1380.

1. Ferlay J， Autier P， Boniol M， et al. Estimates of the cancer inci-dence and mortality in Europe in 2006[J]. Ann Oncol， 2007， 18(3)：581-592.
2. Jemal A， Siegel R， Ward E， et al. Cancer statistics， 2009[J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2009， 59(4)：225-249.
3. 吴菲，林国桢，张晋昕. 我国恶性肿瘤发病现状及趋势[J]. 中国肿瘤， 2012， 21(2)：81-85.
4. Schepeler T， Reinert JT， Ostenfeld MS， et al. Diagnostic and prognostic microRNAs in stageⅡcolon cancer[J]. Cancer Res， 2008， 68(15)：6416-6424.
5. Slaby O， Svoboda M， Fabian P， et al. Altered expression of miR-21，miR-31， miR-143 and miR-145 is related to clinicopathologicfeatures of colorectal cancer[J]. Oncology， 2007， 72(5-6)：397-402.
6. Esquela-Kerscher A， Slack FJ. Oncomirs-microRNAs with a role in cancer[J]. Nat Rev Cancer， 2006， 6(4)：259-269.
7. Lund E， Güttinger S， Calado A， et al. Nuclear export of microRNA precursors[J]. Science， 2004， 303(5654)：95-98.
8. (8)：e43452.
9. He L， Hannon GJ. MicroRNAs：small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation[J]. Nat Rev Genet， 2004， 5(7)：522-531.
10. Lai EC. MicroRNAs are complementary to 3′ UTR sequencemotifs that mediate negative post-transcriptional regulation[J]. NatGenet， 2002， 30(4)：363-364.
11. Lewis BP， Burge CB， Bartel DP. Conserved seed pairing， often flanked by adenosines， indicates that thousands of human genes are microRNA targets[J]. Cell， 2005， 120(1)：15-20.
12. Lim LP， Lau NC， Garrett-Engele P， et al. Microarray analysis shows that some microRNAs downregulate large numbers of targetmRNAs[J]. Nature， 2005， 433(7027)：769-773.
13. Huang Q， Gumireddy K， Schrier M， et al. The microRNAs miR-373 and miR-520c promote tumour invasion and metastasis[J]. Nat Cell Biol， 2008， 10(2)：202-210.
14. Hashimoto Y， Akiyama Y， Yuasa Y. Multiple-to-multiple relati-onships between microRNAs and target genes in gastric cancer[J]. PLoS One， 2013， 8(5)：e62589.
15. Iwaya T， Yokobori T， Nishida N， et al. Downregulation of miR-144 is associated with colorectal cancer progression via activation of mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Carcinogenesis， 2012， 33(12)：2391-2397.
16. Zhang GJ， Xiao HX， Tian HP， et al. Upregulation of microRNA-.
17. Chiang Y， Song Y， Wang Z， et al. microRNA-192， -194 and -215are frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer[J]. Exp Ther Med， 2012， 3(3)：560-566.
18. Nakajima G， Hayashi K， Xi Y， et al. Non-coding microRNAs hsa-let-7g and hsa-miR-181b are associated with chemoresponse to S-1 in colon cancer[J]. Cancer Genomics Proteomics， 2006， 3(5)：317-324.
19. Díaz R， Silva J， García JM， et al. Deregulated expression of miR-106a predicts survival in human colon cancer patients[J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer， 2008， 47(9)：794-802.
20. Shibuya H， Iinuma H， Shimada R， et al. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of microRNA-21 and microRNA-155 in colorectalcancer[J]. Oncology， 2010， 79(3-4)：313-320.
21. Schetter AJ， Leung SY， Sohn JJ， et al. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colonadenocarcinoma[J]. JAMA， 2008， 299(4)：425-436.
22. Huang Z， Huang D， Ni S， et al. Plasma microRNAs are promisingnovel biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer[J]. Int J Cancer， 2010， 127(1)：118-126.
23. Wang CJ， Zhou ZG， Wang L， et al. Clinicopathological significance of microRNA-31， -143 and -145 expression in colorectal cancer[J]. Dis Markers， 2009， 26(1)：27-34.
24. Pichler M， Winter E， Stotz M， et al. Down-regulation of KRAS-interacting miRNA-143 predicts poor prognosis but not response to EGFR-targeted agents in colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer， 2012， 106(11)：1826-1832.
25. Xi Y， Formentini A， Chien M， et al. Prognostic values of microRNAs in colorectal cancer[J]. Biomark Insights， 2006， 2：113-121.
26. Ferlay J， Shin HR， Bray F， et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008：GLOBOCAN 2008[J]. Int J Cancer， 2010， 127(12)：2893-2917.
27. Lieberman DA. Clinical practice. Screening for colorectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med， 2009， 361(12)：1179-1187.
28. Nishiumi S， Kobayashi T， Ikeda A， et al. A novel serum metabo-lomics-based diagnostic approach for colorectal cancer[J]. PLoSOne， 2012， 7(7)：e40459.
29. Chen C， Ridzon DA， Broomer AJ， et al. Real-time quantificationof microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR[J]. Nucleic Acids Res， 2005， 33(20)：e179.
30. Link A， Balaguer F， Shen Y， et al. Fecal microRNAs as novel biomarkers for colon cancer screening[J]. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev， 2010， 19(7)：1766-1774.
31. Kanaan Z， Rai SN， Eichenberger MR， et al. Plasma miR-21：a potential diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg， 2012， 256(3)：544-551.
32. Cheng H， Zhang L， Cogdell DE， et al. Circulating plasma miR-141 is a novel biomarker for metastatic colon cancer and predicts poor prognosis[J]. PLoS One， 2011， 6(3)：e17745.
33. increases sensitivity to 5-FU at an early stage， and affects cell migration and invasion in HCT-116 colon cancer cells[J]. BMC Cancer， 2010， 10：616.
34. Pu XX， Huang GL， Guo HQ， et al. Circulating miR-221 directly amplified from plasma is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of colorectal cancer and is correlated with p53 expression[J]. Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2010， 25(10)：1674-1680.
35. Wang LG， Gu J. Serum microRNA-29a is a promising novel marker for early detection of colorectal liver metastasis[J]. CancerEpidemiol， 2012， 36(1)：e61-e67.
36. Koga Y， Yasunaga M， Takahashi A， et al. MicroRNA expression profiling of exfoliated colonocytes isolated from feces for colorectal cancer screening[J]. Cancer Prev Res (Phila)， 2010， 3(11)：1435-1442.
37. Wu CW， Ng SS， Dong YJ， et al. Detection of miR-92a and miR-21 in stool samples as potential screening biomarkers for colorectal cancer and polyps[J]. Gut， 2012， 61(5)：739-745.
38. Li JM， Zhao RH， Li ST， et al. Down-regulation of fecal miR-143and miR-145 as potential markers for colorectal cancer[J]. SaudiMed J， 2012， 33(1)：24-29.
39. Ng EK， Chong WW， Jin H， et al. Differential expression of micro-RNAs in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer：a potential marker for colorectal cancer screening[J]. Gut， 2009， 58(10)：1375-1381.
40. 汪晓东，曹霖，曾天芳，等. 多学科协作诊治模式下新辅助/辅助化疗联合结直肠癌手术的临床效果[J]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志， 2008， 15(8)：615-619.
41. Aslam MI， Patel M， Singh B， et al. MicroRNA manipulation in colorectal cancer cells：from laboratory to clinical application[J]. J Transl Med， 2012， 10(1)：128.
42. Weiler J， Hunziker J， Hall J. Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs)：ammunition to target miRNAs implicated in human disease?[J]. Gene Ther， 2006， 13(6)：496-502.
43. Kauppinen S， Vester B， Wengel J. Locked nucleic acid：high-affinity targeting of complementary RNA for RNomics[J]. Handb Exp Pharmacol， 2006， (173)：405-422.
44. Asangani IA， Rasheed SA， Nikolova DA， et al. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion， intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer[J]. Oncogene， 2008， 27(15)：2128-2136.
45. Valeri N， Gasparini P， Braconi C， et al. MicroRNA-21 induces resistance to 5-fluorouracil by down-regulating human DNA MutS homolog 2 (hMSH2)[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A， 2010， 107(49)：21098-21103.
46. Wang CJ， Stratmann J， Zhou ZG， et al. Suppression of microRNA-.
47. Ng EK， Tsang WP， Ng SS， et al. MicroRNA-143 targets DNA methyltransferases 3A in colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Cancer， 2009， 101(4)：699-706.
48. Zhang J， Guo H， Zhang H， et al. Putative tumor suppressor miR-145 inhibits colon cancer cell growth by targeting oncogene Friend leukemia virus integration 1 gene[J]. Cancer， 2011， 117(1)：86-95.
49. Rossi L， Bonmassar E， Faraoni I. Modification of miR gene expr-ession pattern in human colon cancer cells following exposure to 5-fluorouracil in vitro[J]. Pharmacol Res， 2007， 56(3)：248-253.
50. Liu K， Li G， Fan C， et al. Increased expression of microRNA-21and its association with chemotherapeutic response in human colo-rectal cancer[J]. J Int Med Res， 2011， 39(6)：2288-2295.
51. Borralho PM， Kren BT， Castro RE， et al. MicroRNA-143 reduces viability and increases sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells[J]. FEBS J， 2009， 276(22)：6689-6700.
52. Feng B， Dong TT， Wang LL， et al. Colorectal cancer migrationand invasion initiated by microRNA-106a[J]. PLoS One， 2012，.
53. promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through the regulation of claudin-1 expression[J]. Int J Mol Med，.
54. ， 31(6)：1375-1380.

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Advances in The Research and Utilization of MicroRNA in Colorectal Cancer

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