Advances in The Research of Microsatellite Instability in Human Gastric Cancer_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

CAO Wei ,  ZHANG Changle

Department of Gastrointestinal， The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University， Hefei 230022， Anhui Province， China;

Corresponding author：

ZHANG Changle, Email: aydzcl2004@163.com

Keywords：

Gastric cancer; Microsatellite instability; Mitochondrial microsatellite instability

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Objective 　To explore the relationship between microsatellite instability （MSI） and gastric cancer.
Methods 　The related literatures at home and abroad were consulted and reviewed.
Results 　The MSI is the replication errors caused by mismatch repair system defects. Gastric cancer which exhibiting MSI has characteris clinicopathological feature and prognosis. Detection the MSI of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer tissues can evaluate the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. MSI include nuclear microsatellite stability （nMSI） and mitochondrial microsatellite instability （mtMSI）.
Conclusions 　MSI plays an important role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. MSI may become a important indicator to forecast precancerosis risks and clinical prognosis of gastric cancer.

Citation： CAO Wei,ZHANG Changle. Advances in The Research of Microsatellite Instability in Human Gastric Cancer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(7): 826-831. doi: Copy

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2.	Ali Z， Deng Y， Ma C. Progress of research in gastric cancer[J]. J Nanosci Nanotechnol， 2012， 12(11)：8241-8248.
3.	Tamura G. Alterations of tumour suppressor and tumour-related genes in the development and progression of gastric cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2006， 12(2)：192-198.
4.	Kim KM， Kwon MS， Hong SJ， et al. Genetic classification of intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancers based on chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability[J]. Virchows Arch， 2003， 443(4)：491-500.
5.	Schlötterer C. Evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite DNA[J]. Chromosoma， 2000， 109(6)：365-371.
6.	Peltomäki P， Lothe RA， Aaltonen LA， et al. Microsatellite insta-bility is associated with tumors that characterize the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome[J]. Cancer Res， 1993， 53(4)：5853-5855.
7.	Gaymes TJ， Mohamedali AM， Patterson M， et al. Microsatelliteinstability induced mutations in DNA repair genes Ctip and MRE11 confer hypersensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in myeloidmalignancies[J]. Haematologica， 2013 Jan 24.[Epub ahead of print].
8.	Boland CR， Thibodeau SN， Hamilton SR， et al. A national cancer institute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition：development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Res， 1998， 58(22)：5248-5257.
9.	Oda S， Maehara Y， Ikeda Y， et al. Two modes of microsatellite instability in humancancer：differential connection of defective DNA mismatch repair to dinucleotide repeat instability[J]. NucleicAcids Res， 2005， 33(5)：1628-1636.
10.	Strand M， Prolla TA， Liskay RM， et al. Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast by mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair[J]. Nature， 1993， 365 (6443)：274-276.
11.	Shah SN， Hile SE， Eckert KA. Defective mismatch repair， micro-satellite mutation bias， and variability in clinical cancer phenotypes[J]. Cancer Res， 2010， 70(2)：431-435.
12.	Ohmiya N， Matsumoto S， Yamamoto H， et al. Germline andsomatic mutations in hMSH6 and hMSH3 in gastrointestinal cancersof the microsatellite mutator phenotype[J]. Gene， 2001， 272(1-2)：301-313.
13.	Sakurai M， Zhao Y， Oki E， et al. High-resolution fluorescent analysis of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer[J]. Euro J Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2007， 19(8)：701-709.
14.	Falchetti M， Saieva C， Lupi R， et al. Gastric cancer with high-level microsatellite instability：target gene mutations， clinicopa-thologic features and long-term survival[J]. Hum Pathol， 2008， 39(6)：925-932.
15.	Souza RF， Appel R， Yin J， et al. Microsatellite instability in the insulin-like growth factorⅡreceptor gene in gastrointestinaltumours[J]. Nat Genet， 1996， 14(3)：255-257.
16.	Palli D， Russo A， Ottini L， et al. Red meat， family history， and increased risk of gastric cancer with microsatellite instability[J]. Cancer Res， 2001， 61(14)：5415-5419.
17.	Nan HM， Song YJ， Yun HY， et al. Effects of dietary intake and genetic factors on hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter in gastric cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2005， 11(25)：3834-3841.
18.	Leite M， Corso M， Sousa S， et al. MSI phenotype and MMRalterations in familial and sporadic cancer[J]. Int J Cancer， 2011， 128(7)：1606-1613.
19.	Peek RM Jr， Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma[J]. Nat Rev Cancer， 2002， 2(1)：28-37.
20.	Kim JJ， ao H， Carloni E， et al. Helicobacter pylori impairs DNA mismatch repair in gastric epithelial cells[J]. Gastroenterology， 2002， 123(2)：542-553.
21.	Machado AM， Figueiredo C， Touati E， et al. Helicobacter pylor-iinfection induces genetic instability of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in gastric cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res， 2009， 15(9)：2995-3002.
22.	Machado AM， Figueiredo C， Seruca R， et al. Helicobacter pyloriinfection generates genetic instability in gastric cells[J]. BiochimBiophys Acta， 2010， 1806(1)：58-65.
23.	Ohara T， Kasanuki J， Ohara H， et al. Analysis of the differencesin structural chromosomal aberrations of the gastric mucosa betweenH.pylori positive and negative gastric cancer patients：involvement of H.pylori in the onset of gastric cancer and examination of the mechanism in gastric carcinogenesis following H.pylori eradication[J]. Oncol Rep， 2006， 16(6)：1333-1342.
24.	Zaky AH， Watari J， Tanabe H， et al. Clinicopathologic implications of genetic instability in intestinal-type gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia as a precancerous lesion[J]. Am J Clin Pathol， 2008， 129(4)：613-621.
25.	李异玲，田忠，傅宝玉. 胃癌及癌前病变中PTEN及微卫星不稳定的变化及二者的关系[J]. 世界华人消化杂志， 2008， 16(22)：2470-2475.
26.	Kunisaki C， Akiyama H， Nomura M， et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of mucinous gastric carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2006， 13(6)：836-842.
27.	Kashiwagi K， Watanabe M， Ezaki T， et al. Clinical usefulness of microsatellite instability for the prediction of gastric adenoma or adenocarcinoma in patients with chronic gastritis[J]. Br J Cancer， 2000， 82(11)：1814-1818.
28.	An JY， Choi MG， Noh JH， et al. StageⅣearly gastric cancer：two cases with microsatellite instability[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg， 2008， 393(1)：105-109.
29.	Kim H， An JY， Noh SH， et al. High microsatellite instability predicts good prognosis in intestinal-type gastric cancers[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2011， 26(3)：585-592.
30.	Sasao S， Hiyama T， Tanaka S， et al. Clinicopathologic and gen-etic characteristics of gastric cancer in young male and female pati-ents[J]. Oncol Rep， 2006， 16(1)：11-15.
31.	Kim SH， Ahn BK， Nam YS， et al. Microsatellite instability is associated with the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer in sporadic gastric cancer patients[J]. J Gastric Cancer， 2010， 10(4)：149-154.
32.	Schneider BG， Bravo JC， Roa JC， et al. Microsatellite instability，prognosis and metastasis in gastric cancers from a low risk population[J]. Int J Cancer， 2000， 89(5)：444-452.
33.	Oki E， Kakeji Y， Zhao Y， et al. Chemosensitivity and survival in gastric cancer patients with microsatellite instability[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2009， 16(9)：2510-2515.
34.	Damia G， D’Incalci M. Genetic instability influences drug responsein cancer cells[J]. Current Drug Targets， 2010， 11(10)：1317-1324.
35.	Conley KE， Marcinek DJ， Villarin J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and age[J]. CurrOpin Clin NutrMetab Care， 2007， 10(6)：688-692.
36.	崔海宏，黄平，赵婷，等. 结直肠癌线粒体基因组的微卫星不稳定性[J]. 世界华人消化杂志， 2012， 20(36) ：3811-3815.
37.	Woerner SM， Yuan YP， Benner A， et al. SelTarbase， a database of human mononucleotide-microsatellite mutations and their pote-ntial impact to tumorigenesis and immunology[J]. Nucleic AcidsRes， 2010， 38(Datase issue)：D682-D689.
38.	Wang Y， Liu VW， Ngan HY， et al. Frequent occurrence of mito-chondrial microsatellite instability in the D-loop region of human cancers[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci， 2005， 1042：123-129.
39.	Maximo V， Soares P， Seruca R， et al. Microsatellite instability， mitochondrial DNA large deletions， and mitochondrial DNA muta-tions in gastric carcinoma[J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer， 2001， 32(2)：136-143.
40.	Jeong CW， Lee JH， Sohn SS， et al. Mitochondrial microsatellite instability in gastric cancer and gastric epithelial dysplasia as a prec-ancerous lesion[J]. Cancer Epidemiol， 2010， 34(3)：323-327.

1. Jemal A， Bray F， Center MM， et al. Global cancer statistics[J]. CA Cancer J Clin， 2011， 61(2)：69-90.
2. Ali Z， Deng Y， Ma C. Progress of research in gastric cancer[J]. J Nanosci Nanotechnol， 2012， 12(11)：8241-8248.
3. Tamura G. Alterations of tumour suppressor and tumour-related genes in the development and progression of gastric cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2006， 12(2)：192-198.
4. Kim KM， Kwon MS， Hong SJ， et al. Genetic classification of intestinal-type and diffuse-type gastric cancers based on chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability[J]. Virchows Arch， 2003， 443(4)：491-500.
5. Schlötterer C. Evolutionary dynamics of microsatellite DNA[J]. Chromosoma， 2000， 109(6)：365-371.
6. Peltomäki P， Lothe RA， Aaltonen LA， et al. Microsatellite insta-bility is associated with tumors that characterize the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome[J]. Cancer Res， 1993， 53(4)：5853-5855.
7. Gaymes TJ， Mohamedali AM， Patterson M， et al. Microsatelliteinstability induced mutations in DNA repair genes Ctip and MRE11 confer hypersensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in myeloidmalignancies[J]. Haematologica， 2013 Jan 24.[Epub ahead of print].
8. Boland CR， Thibodeau SN， Hamilton SR， et al. A national cancer institute workshop on microsatellite instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition：development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Res， 1998， 58(22)：5248-5257.
9. Oda S， Maehara Y， Ikeda Y， et al. Two modes of microsatellite instability in humancancer：differential connection of defective DNA mismatch repair to dinucleotide repeat instability[J]. NucleicAcids Res， 2005， 33(5)：1628-1636.
10. Strand M， Prolla TA， Liskay RM， et al. Destabilization of tracts of simple repetitive DNA in yeast by mutations affecting DNA mismatch repair[J]. Nature， 1993， 365 (6443)：274-276.
11. Shah SN， Hile SE， Eckert KA. Defective mismatch repair， micro-satellite mutation bias， and variability in clinical cancer phenotypes[J]. Cancer Res， 2010， 70(2)：431-435.
12. Ohmiya N， Matsumoto S， Yamamoto H， et al. Germline andsomatic mutations in hMSH6 and hMSH3 in gastrointestinal cancersof the microsatellite mutator phenotype[J]. Gene， 2001， 272(1-2)：301-313.
13. Sakurai M， Zhao Y， Oki E， et al. High-resolution fluorescent analysis of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer[J]. Euro J Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2007， 19(8)：701-709.
14. Falchetti M， Saieva C， Lupi R， et al. Gastric cancer with high-level microsatellite instability：target gene mutations， clinicopa-thologic features and long-term survival[J]. Hum Pathol， 2008， 39(6)：925-932.
15. Souza RF， Appel R， Yin J， et al. Microsatellite instability in the insulin-like growth factorⅡreceptor gene in gastrointestinaltumours[J]. Nat Genet， 1996， 14(3)：255-257.
16. Palli D， Russo A， Ottini L， et al. Red meat， family history， and increased risk of gastric cancer with microsatellite instability[J]. Cancer Res， 2001， 61(14)：5415-5419.
17. Nan HM， Song YJ， Yun HY， et al. Effects of dietary intake and genetic factors on hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter in gastric cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol， 2005， 11(25)：3834-3841.
18. Leite M， Corso M， Sousa S， et al. MSI phenotype and MMRalterations in familial and sporadic cancer[J]. Int J Cancer， 2011， 128(7)：1606-1613.
19. Peek RM Jr， Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma[J]. Nat Rev Cancer， 2002， 2(1)：28-37.
20. Kim JJ， ao H， Carloni E， et al. Helicobacter pylori impairs DNA mismatch repair in gastric epithelial cells[J]. Gastroenterology， 2002， 123(2)：542-553.
21. Machado AM， Figueiredo C， Touati E， et al. Helicobacter pylor-iinfection induces genetic instability of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in gastric cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res， 2009， 15(9)：2995-3002.
22. Machado AM， Figueiredo C， Seruca R， et al. Helicobacter pyloriinfection generates genetic instability in gastric cells[J]. BiochimBiophys Acta， 2010， 1806(1)：58-65.
23. Ohara T， Kasanuki J， Ohara H， et al. Analysis of the differencesin structural chromosomal aberrations of the gastric mucosa betweenH.pylori positive and negative gastric cancer patients：involvement of H.pylori in the onset of gastric cancer and examination of the mechanism in gastric carcinogenesis following H.pylori eradication[J]. Oncol Rep， 2006， 16(6)：1333-1342.
24. Zaky AH， Watari J， Tanabe H， et al. Clinicopathologic implications of genetic instability in intestinal-type gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia as a precancerous lesion[J]. Am J Clin Pathol， 2008， 129(4)：613-621.
25. 李异玲，田忠，傅宝玉. 胃癌及癌前病变中PTEN及微卫星不稳定的变化及二者的关系[J]. 世界华人消化杂志， 2008， 16(22)：2470-2475.
26. Kunisaki C， Akiyama H， Nomura M， et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes of mucinous gastric carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2006， 13(6)：836-842.
27. Kashiwagi K， Watanabe M， Ezaki T， et al. Clinical usefulness of microsatellite instability for the prediction of gastric adenoma or adenocarcinoma in patients with chronic gastritis[J]. Br J Cancer， 2000， 82(11)：1814-1818.
28. An JY， Choi MG， Noh JH， et al. StageⅣearly gastric cancer：two cases with microsatellite instability[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg， 2008， 393(1)：105-109.
29. Kim H， An JY， Noh SH， et al. High microsatellite instability predicts good prognosis in intestinal-type gastric cancers[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2011， 26(3)：585-592.
30. Sasao S， Hiyama T， Tanaka S， et al. Clinicopathologic and gen-etic characteristics of gastric cancer in young male and female pati-ents[J]. Oncol Rep， 2006， 16(1)：11-15.
31. Kim SH， Ahn BK， Nam YS， et al. Microsatellite instability is associated with the clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer in sporadic gastric cancer patients[J]. J Gastric Cancer， 2010， 10(4)：149-154.
32. Schneider BG， Bravo JC， Roa JC， et al. Microsatellite instability，prognosis and metastasis in gastric cancers from a low risk population[J]. Int J Cancer， 2000， 89(5)：444-452.
33. Oki E， Kakeji Y， Zhao Y， et al. Chemosensitivity and survival in gastric cancer patients with microsatellite instability[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2009， 16(9)：2510-2515.
34. Damia G， D’Incalci M. Genetic instability influences drug responsein cancer cells[J]. Current Drug Targets， 2010， 11(10)：1317-1324.
35. Conley KE， Marcinek DJ， Villarin J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and age[J]. CurrOpin Clin NutrMetab Care， 2007， 10(6)：688-692.
36. 崔海宏，黄平，赵婷，等. 结直肠癌线粒体基因组的微卫星不稳定性[J]. 世界华人消化杂志， 2012， 20(36) ：3811-3815.
37. Woerner SM， Yuan YP， Benner A， et al. SelTarbase， a database of human mononucleotide-microsatellite mutations and their pote-ntial impact to tumorigenesis and immunology[J]. Nucleic AcidsRes， 2010， 38(Datase issue)：D682-D689.
38. Wang Y， Liu VW， Ngan HY， et al. Frequent occurrence of mito-chondrial microsatellite instability in the D-loop region of human cancers[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci， 2005， 1042：123-129.
39. Maximo V， Soares P， Seruca R， et al. Microsatellite instability， mitochondrial DNA large deletions， and mitochondrial DNA muta-tions in gastric carcinoma[J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer， 2001， 32(2)：136-143.
40. Jeong CW， Lee JH， Sohn SS， et al. Mitochondrial microsatellite instability in gastric cancer and gastric epithelial dysplasia as a prec-ancerous lesion[J]. Cancer Epidemiol， 2010， 34(3)：323-327.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Advances in The Research of Microsatellite Instability in Human Gastric Cancer

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