Establishment of Swine to Monkey Auxiliary Heterotopic Liver Transplantation Model_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

CHEN Yunfei ¹ , ZHANG Heng ² ,  YANG Hongji. ¹

1.Organ Transplant Center， Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &;
Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital， Chengdu 610072， Sichuan Province， China;;
2.Department of General Surgery， General Hospital of Pangang Group， Panzhihua 617000， Sichuan Province， China;

Corresponding author：

YANG Hongji., Email: hongji_yang65@126.com

Keywords：

Auxiliary liver xenotransplantation; Landrace piglet; Rhesus monkey

Video：

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Objective 　To establish the swine to monkey auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation model and to summarize surgical points.
Methods 　Five healthy landrace piglets and five rhesus monkeys were adopted to establish the xenogenic auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation model. In our trail landrace piglets were treated as donor andrhesus monkeys were treated as receptor. Putting the transplanted liver which included right posterior segment and part of right anterior segment into rhesus’ nest and left paracolic sulcus， and then blocking abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava shortly for end-to-side anastomosis in portal vein of transplanted liver and abdominal aorta of receptor， in infra-hepatic vena cava of transplanted liver and inferior vena cava of receptor. Ligation was performed at hepatic artery with no recon-struction. The postoperative situation and survival time of the receptors were observed.
Results 　Four pairs of transplan-tation models were successfully established. The duration of donor liver harvesting， donor liver preparation， occlusion of recipient inferior vena cava， occlusion of abdominal aorta， and liver transplantation were （30±5） min （24-35 min），（40±10） min （31-51 min），（30±6） min （23-36 min），（30±8） min （22-38 min）， and （220±80） min （130-310 min）， respectively. The blood loss during transplantation was （42±6） mL （35-48 mL）. There were no thrombosis of the anas-tomosis and biliary fistula in receptors after operation， but 4 receptors died at 48， 54， 88， and 96 hours after liver transp-lantation respectively.
Conclusions 　Swine to monkey auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation model has b repea-tability， operation procedure is easy， and transplanted organ of it have good perfusion， which can be available for various kinds of basic and preclinical researches.

Citation： CHEN Yunfei,ZHANG Heng,YANG Hongji.. Establishment of Swine to Monkey Auxiliary Heterotopic Liver Transplantation Model. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2013, 20(9): 1006-1012. doi: Copy

1.	Myburgh JA， Mieny CJ， Vetten B， et al. The technique of ortho-topic hepatic allotransplantation in the baboon[J]. S Afr J Surg， 1971， 9(2)：81-86.
2.	Platt JL， Vercellotti GM， Dalmasso AP， et al. Transplantation of discordant xenografts：a review of progress[J]. Immunol Today， 1990， 11(12)：450-456.
3.	Belghiti J， Sommacale D， Dondéro F， et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure[J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 2004， 6(2)：83-87.
4.	Starzl TE， Watanabe K， Porter KA， et al. Effects of insulin， glucagon， and insuling/glucagon infusions on liver morphology and cell division after complete portacaval shunt in dogs[J]. Lancet， 1976， 1(7964)：821-825.
5.	Chauhan A， Lorenzen S， Herzel H， et al. Regulation of mamm-alian cell cycle progression in the regenerating liver[J]. J Theor Biol， 2011， 283(1)：103-112.
6.	Gui Y， Yeganeh M， Ramanathan S， et al. SOCS1 controls liver regeneration by regulating HGF signaling in hepatocytes[J]. J Hepatol， 2011， 55(6)：1300-1308.
7.	Tsai SM， Wang WP. Expression and function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 during liver regeneration[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem， 2011， 27(6)：641-652.
8.	Fan YD， Praet M， Vanzieleghem B， et al. Effects of re-arterialization on early graft function and regeneration in the rat model of heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation[J]. Eur Surg Res， 2000， 32(1)：11-17.
9.	Ma Y， Wang GD， Guo ZY， et al. Surgical techniques of arteria-lized orthotopic liver transplantation in rats[J]. Chin Med J (Engl)， 2007， 120(21)：1914-1917.
10.	詹江华，万远廉，杨尹默，等. 肝移植术后肝动脉栓塞和狭窄的诊治[J]. 中国现代医学杂志， 2001， 11(11)：19-20， 23.
11.	Lange R， Rauen U， Janssen H， et al. Temporary heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation with arterialization of the portal vein as treatment of acute liver failure[J]. Transpl Int， 2007， 20(5)：473-474.
12.	Shimizu Y， Miyazaki M， Shimizu H， et al. Beneficial effects of arterialization of the portal vein on extended hepatectomy[J]. Br J Surg， 2000， 87(6)：784-789.
13.	Schleimer K， Stippel DL， Kasper HU， et al. Auxiliary liver tran-splantation with flow-regulated portal vein arterialization offersa successful therapeutic option in acute hepatic failure—investig-ations in heterotopic auxiliary rat liver transplantation[J]. TransplInt， 2006， 19(7)：581-588.
14.	Schleimer K， Stippel DL， Kasper HU， et al. Portal hyperperfusion causes disturbance of microcirculation and increased rate of hepatocellular apoptosis：investigations in heterotopic rat liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization[J]. Transplant Proc， 2006， 38(3)：725-729.
15.	Fernández-Rodríguez OM， Palenciano CG， Ríos A， et al. Hemodynamic assessment during auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization in a Swine model：preliminary report of 10 transplants[J]. Transplant Proc， 2006， 38(8)：2603-2605.
16.	Terpstra OT， Schalm SW， Weimar W， et al. Auxiliary partial liver transplantation for end-stage chronic liver disease[J]. N Engl J Med， 1988， 319(23)：1507-1511.
17.	Wang YN， Ng IO， To J， et al. A modified method of auxiliary partial liver transplantation in the rat[J]. Hepatogastroenterology，.
18.	Jiang M， Han D. Auxiliary liver-heart transplantation in the rat：a new microsurgical model inducing tolerance[J]. Transplant Proc， 2004， 36(5)：1607-1609.
19.	Bach FH， Robson SC， Winkler H， et al. Barriers to xenotransplantation[J]. Nat Med， 1995， 1(9)：869-873.
20.	Auchincloss H Jr， Sachs DH. Xenogeneic transplantation[J]. Annu Rev Immunol， 1998， 16：433-470.
21.	Samstein B， Platt JL. Physiologic and immunologic hurdles to xenotransplantation[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol， 2001， 12(1)：182-193.
22.	Ramirez P， Chavez R， Majado M， et al. Study of xenograft reje-ction in a model of liver xetransplantation from unmodiﬁed pig to primate[J]. Transplant Proc， 1999， 31(7)：2814-2817.
23.	Calne RY， Davids DR， Pena JR， et al. Hepatic allografts and xenografts in primates[J]. Lancet， 1970， 1(7638)：103-106.
24.	Luo Y， Kosanke S， Mieles L， et al. Comparative histopathology of hepatic allografts and xenografts in the nonhuman primate[J]. Xenotransplantation， 1998， 5(3)：197-206.
25.	Shimizu A， Hisashi Y， Kuwaki K， et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with humoral rejection of cardiac xenografts from alpha1， 3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs in baboons[J]. Am J Pathol， 2008， 172(6)：1471-1481.
26.	， 46(25)：428-431.

1. Myburgh JA， Mieny CJ， Vetten B， et al. The technique of ortho-topic hepatic allotransplantation in the baboon[J]. S Afr J Surg， 1971， 9(2)：81-86.
2. Platt JL， Vercellotti GM， Dalmasso AP， et al. Transplantation of discordant xenografts：a review of progress[J]. Immunol Today， 1990， 11(12)：450-456.
3. Belghiti J， Sommacale D， Dondéro F， et al. Auxiliary liver transplantation for acute liver failure[J]. Liver Transpl Surg， 2004， 6(2)：83-87.
4. Starzl TE， Watanabe K， Porter KA， et al. Effects of insulin， glucagon， and insuling/glucagon infusions on liver morphology and cell division after complete portacaval shunt in dogs[J]. Lancet， 1976， 1(7964)：821-825.
5. Chauhan A， Lorenzen S， Herzel H， et al. Regulation of mamm-alian cell cycle progression in the regenerating liver[J]. J Theor Biol， 2011， 283(1)：103-112.
6. Gui Y， Yeganeh M， Ramanathan S， et al. SOCS1 controls liver regeneration by regulating HGF signaling in hepatocytes[J]. J Hepatol， 2011， 55(6)：1300-1308.
7. Tsai SM， Wang WP. Expression and function of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 during liver regeneration[J]. Cell Physiol Biochem， 2011， 27(6)：641-652.
8. Fan YD， Praet M， Vanzieleghem B， et al. Effects of re-arterialization on early graft function and regeneration in the rat model of heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation[J]. Eur Surg Res， 2000， 32(1)：11-17.
9. Ma Y， Wang GD， Guo ZY， et al. Surgical techniques of arteria-lized orthotopic liver transplantation in rats[J]. Chin Med J (Engl)， 2007， 120(21)：1914-1917.
10. 詹江华，万远廉，杨尹默，等. 肝移植术后肝动脉栓塞和狭窄的诊治[J]. 中国现代医学杂志， 2001， 11(11)：19-20， 23.
11. Lange R， Rauen U， Janssen H， et al. Temporary heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation with arterialization of the portal vein as treatment of acute liver failure[J]. Transpl Int， 2007， 20(5)：473-474.
12. Shimizu Y， Miyazaki M， Shimizu H， et al. Beneficial effects of arterialization of the portal vein on extended hepatectomy[J]. Br J Surg， 2000， 87(6)：784-789.
13. Schleimer K， Stippel DL， Kasper HU， et al. Auxiliary liver tran-splantation with flow-regulated portal vein arterialization offersa successful therapeutic option in acute hepatic failure—investig-ations in heterotopic auxiliary rat liver transplantation[J]. TransplInt， 2006， 19(7)：581-588.
14. Schleimer K， Stippel DL， Kasper HU， et al. Portal hyperperfusion causes disturbance of microcirculation and increased rate of hepatocellular apoptosis：investigations in heterotopic rat liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization[J]. Transplant Proc， 2006， 38(3)：725-729.
15. Fernández-Rodríguez OM， Palenciano CG， Ríos A， et al. Hemodynamic assessment during auxiliary heterotopic liver transplantation with portal vein arterialization in a Swine model：preliminary report of 10 transplants[J]. Transplant Proc， 2006， 38(8)：2603-2605.
16. Terpstra OT， Schalm SW， Weimar W， et al. Auxiliary partial liver transplantation for end-stage chronic liver disease[J]. N Engl J Med， 1988， 319(23)：1507-1511.
17. Wang YN， Ng IO， To J， et al. A modified method of auxiliary partial liver transplantation in the rat[J]. Hepatogastroenterology，.
18. Jiang M， Han D. Auxiliary liver-heart transplantation in the rat：a new microsurgical model inducing tolerance[J]. Transplant Proc， 2004， 36(5)：1607-1609.
19. Bach FH， Robson SC， Winkler H， et al. Barriers to xenotransplantation[J]. Nat Med， 1995， 1(9)：869-873.
20. Auchincloss H Jr， Sachs DH. Xenogeneic transplantation[J]. Annu Rev Immunol， 1998， 16：433-470.
21. Samstein B， Platt JL. Physiologic and immunologic hurdles to xenotransplantation[J]. J Am Soc Nephrol， 2001， 12(1)：182-193.
22. Ramirez P， Chavez R， Majado M， et al. Study of xenograft reje-ction in a model of liver xetransplantation from unmodiﬁed pig to primate[J]. Transplant Proc， 1999， 31(7)：2814-2817.
23. Calne RY， Davids DR， Pena JR， et al. Hepatic allografts and xenografts in primates[J]. Lancet， 1970， 1(7638)：103-106.
24. Luo Y， Kosanke S， Mieles L， et al. Comparative histopathology of hepatic allografts and xenografts in the nonhuman primate[J]. Xenotransplantation， 1998， 5(3)：197-206.
25. Shimizu A， Hisashi Y， Kuwaki K， et al. Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with humoral rejection of cardiac xenografts from alpha1， 3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs in baboons[J]. Am J Pathol， 2008， 172(6)：1471-1481.
26. ， 46(25)：428-431.

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Establishment of Swine to Monkey Auxiliary Heterotopic Liver Transplantation Model

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