Advances of Lymphatic Tracer in Colorectal Cancer Surgery_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

YIN Yuan ¹ , WANG Xiaodong ² , LDonghao ¹ , LI Li ²

1.West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;;
2.Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Colorectal cancer; Lymphatic tracer; Lymphatic mapping; Surgical procedure; Lymph node targeted chemotherapy

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To investigate the value of lymphatic tracer on surgery for colorectal cancer.
Methods Literatures about lymphatic tracer and lymphatic mapping in colorectal cancer were reviewed.
Results Lymphatic mapping technique was helpful to increase the numbers of lymph node harvested, to identify sentinel lymph node, thereby increased the accuracy of pathological staging. Besides, lymphatic tracer had great potential uses in lymph nodes targeted chemotherapy during surgery, which might improve prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.
Conclusions The lymphatic tracer has been powerful in diagnosis and treatment for colorectal cancer. The more extensive and more profound application of lymphatic mapping depend on more clinical study.

Citation： YIN Yuan ,WANG Xiaodong,LDonghao,LI Li. Advances of Lymphatic Tracer in Colorectal Cancer Surgery. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2010, 17(3): 306-308. doi: Copy

1.	郑阳春, 周总光. 前哨淋巴结定位在结直肠癌外科中的应用 [Ｊ]. 中国普通外科杂志, 2003; 11(12): 852854.
2.	Weinberg J, Greaney EM. Identification of regional lymph nodes by means of a vital staining dye during surgery of gastric cancer [Ｊ]. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1950; 90(5): 561567.
3.	Morl F. Importance of the sternal lymph vessels for metastases of cancer of the breast [Ｊ]. Chirurg， 1952; 23(7): 298300.
4.	徐鲲, 刘晓安, 王水, 等. 乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检染料选择的实验研究 [Ｊ]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版）, 2005; 25(3)： 201203.
5.	Sherman AI, TerPogossian M. Lymphnode concentration of radioactive colloidal gold following interstitial injection [Ｊ]. Cancer, 1953; 6(6): 12381240.
6.	Bensimhon L, Métayé T, Guilhot J, et al. Influence of temperature on the radiochemical purity of 99mTccolloidal rhenium sulfide for use in sentinel node localization [Ｊ]. Nucl Med Commun, 2008; 29(11): 10151020.
7.	Narayanan P, Iyngkaran T, Sohaib SA, et al. Magnetic resonance lymphography: a novel technique for lymph node assessment in gynecologic malignancies [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 8188.
8.	Koh DM, Brown G, Collins DJ. Nanoparticles in rectal cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 8998.
9.	Islam T, Josephson L. Current state and future applications of active targeting in malignancies using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 99107.
10.	Islam T, Harisinghani MG. Overview of nanoparticle use in cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 6167.
11.	Tokuhara T, Tanigawa N, Matsuki M, et al, Evaluation of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO): diagnostic performance in postcontrast images using new diagnostic criteria [Ｊ]. Gastric Cancer, 2008; 11(4): 194200.
12.	Lahaye MJ, Engelen SM, Kessels AG, et al. USPIOenhanced MR imaging for nodal staging in patients with primary rectal cancer: predictive criteria [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 804811.
13.	Zervos EE, Burak WE Jr. Lymphatic mapping in solid neoplasms: state of the art [Ｊ]. Cancer Control, 2002; 9(3): 189202.
14.	Krag DN, Weaver DL. Pathological and molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumors [Ｊ]. Semin Oncol, 2002; 29(3): 274279.
15.	Keshtgar MR, Ell PJ. Clinical role of sentinellymphnode biopsy in breast cancer [Ｊ]. Lancet Oncol, 2002; 3(2): 105110.
16.	National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncologyrectalcancer,v.4.2008, http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/rectal.pdf.
17.	Haboubi NY, Clark P, Kaftan SM, et al. The importance of combining xylene clearance and immunohistochemistry in the accurate staging of colorectal carcinoma [Ｊ]. J R Soc Med, 1992; 85(7): 386388.
18.	RodriguezBigas MA, Maamoun S, Weber TK, et al. Clinical significance of colorectal cancer: metastases in lymph nodes <5 mm in size [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 1996; 3(2): 124130.
19.	Okamoto K, Sawai K, Minato H, et al. Number and anatomical extent of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: analysis using intralymph node injection of activated carbon particles (CH40) [Ｊ]. Jap J Clin Oncol, 1999; 29(2): 7477.
20.	于永扬, 王存, 郑阳春, 等. 比较研究纳米炭示踪剂在低位直肠癌淋巴结清扫及病理检查中的价值 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(5): 358361.
21.	Beslic＇ N. The role of sentinel lymph node detection in management of patients with breast cancer [Ｊ]. Med Arh, 2008; 62(4): 240241.
22.	Nakahara T. Tracers used for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes [Ｊ]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 2009; 110(2): 8689.
23.	Funahashi K. Current status of sentinel lymph nodebased nodal ultrastaging in colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 2009； 110(2): 7377.
24.	Saha S, Bilchik A, Wiese D, et al. Ultrastaging of colorectal cancer by sentinel lymph node mapping technique-a multicenter trial [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2001; 8(9 Suppl): 94S98S.
25.	Wood TF, Nora DT, Morton DL, et al. One hundred consecutive cases of sentinel lymph node mapping in early colorectal carcinoma: detection of missed micrometastases [Ｊ]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2002; 6(3): 322329.
26.	Yasui W, Ito H, Du Bois RN, et al. Recent progress in pathogenesis and management of colorectal cancer. Eighteenth International Symposium of the Hiroshima Cancer Seminar, November 2008 [Ｊ]. Cancer Sci, 2009; 100(5): 978981.
27.	Mattheolabakis G, Taoufik E, Haralambous S, et al. In vivo investigation of tolerance and antitumor activity of cisplatinloaded PLGAmPEG nanoparticles [Ｊ]. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2009; 71(2): 190195.
28.	Jain A, Jain SK, Ganesh N, et al. Design and development of ligandappended polysaccharidic nanoparticles for the delivery of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Nanomedicine, 2009 May 15. DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.03.002.
29.	Injac R, Perse M, Cerne M, et al. Protective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 against doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats with colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Biomaterials, 2009; 30(6): 11841196.
30.	Huang H, Pierstorff E, Osawa E, et al. Active nanodiamond hydrogels for chemotherapeutic delivery [Ｊ]. Nano Lett, 2007; 7(11): 33053314.
31.	Nakase Y, Hagiwara A, Kin S, et al. Intratumoral administration of methotrexate bound to activated carbon particles: antitumor effectiveness against human colon carcinoma xenografts and acute toxicity in mice [Ｊ]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2004; 311(1): 282387.
32.	Ito T, Hagiwara A, Takagi T, et al. Local administration of methotrexate bound to activated carbon particles (MTXCH) for treating cancers in mice [Ｊ]. Anticancer Res, 2003; 23(2B): 14011404.
33.	Hagiwara A, Hirata Y, Takahashi T, et al. A pilot study of fiberscopyguided local injection of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles for control of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Anticancer Drugs, 1998; 9(4): 363367.
34.	Kin S, Nakase Y, Fukuda K, et al. Endoscopic local injection of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles for treatment of advanced rectal cancer, when surgical treatment was contraindicated [Ｊ]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2002; 29(12): 24132415.
35.	Takahashi T, Hagiwara A, Shimotsuma M, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles [Ｊ]. World J Surg, 1995; 19（4）: 565569.
36.	Rosen HR, Jatzko G, Repse S, et al. Adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carbonadsorbed mitomycin in patients with gastric cancer: results of a randomized multicenter trial of the Austrian Working Group for Surgical Oncology [Ｊ]. J Clin Oncol, 1998; 16(8): 27332738.

1. 郑阳春, 周总光. 前哨淋巴结定位在结直肠癌外科中的应用 [Ｊ]. 中国普通外科杂志, 2003; 11(12): 852854.
2. Weinberg J, Greaney EM. Identification of regional lymph nodes by means of a vital staining dye during surgery of gastric cancer [Ｊ]. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1950; 90(5): 561567.
3. Morl F. Importance of the sternal lymph vessels for metastases of cancer of the breast [Ｊ]. Chirurg， 1952; 23(7): 298300.
4. 徐鲲, 刘晓安, 王水, 等. 乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检染料选择的实验研究 [Ｊ]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版）, 2005; 25(3)： 201203.
5. Sherman AI, TerPogossian M. Lymphnode concentration of radioactive colloidal gold following interstitial injection [Ｊ]. Cancer, 1953; 6(6): 12381240.
6. Bensimhon L, Métayé T, Guilhot J, et al. Influence of temperature on the radiochemical purity of 99mTccolloidal rhenium sulfide for use in sentinel node localization [Ｊ]. Nucl Med Commun, 2008; 29(11): 10151020.
7. Narayanan P, Iyngkaran T, Sohaib SA, et al. Magnetic resonance lymphography: a novel technique for lymph node assessment in gynecologic malignancies [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 8188.
8. Koh DM, Brown G, Collins DJ. Nanoparticles in rectal cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 8998.
9. Islam T, Josephson L. Current state and future applications of active targeting in malignancies using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 99107.
10. Islam T, Harisinghani MG. Overview of nanoparticle use in cancer imaging [Ｊ]. Cancer Biomark, 2009; 5(2): 6167.
11. Tokuhara T, Tanigawa N, Matsuki M, et al, Evaluation of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer using magnetic resonance imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO): diagnostic performance in postcontrast images using new diagnostic criteria [Ｊ]. Gastric Cancer, 2008; 11(4): 194200.
12. Lahaye MJ, Engelen SM, Kessels AG, et al. USPIOenhanced MR imaging for nodal staging in patients with primary rectal cancer: predictive criteria [Ｊ]. Radiology, 2008; 246(3): 804811.
13. Zervos EE, Burak WE Jr. Lymphatic mapping in solid neoplasms: state of the art [Ｊ]. Cancer Control, 2002; 9(3): 189202.
14. Krag DN, Weaver DL. Pathological and molecular assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in solid tumors [Ｊ]. Semin Oncol, 2002; 29(3): 274279.
15. Keshtgar MR, Ell PJ. Clinical role of sentinellymphnode biopsy in breast cancer [Ｊ]. Lancet Oncol, 2002; 3(2): 105110.
16. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncologyrectalcancer,v.4.2008, http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/rectal.pdf.
17. Haboubi NY, Clark P, Kaftan SM, et al. The importance of combining xylene clearance and immunohistochemistry in the accurate staging of colorectal carcinoma [Ｊ]. J R Soc Med, 1992; 85(7): 386388.
18. RodriguezBigas MA, Maamoun S, Weber TK, et al. Clinical significance of colorectal cancer: metastases in lymph nodes <5 mm in size [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 1996; 3(2): 124130.
19. Okamoto K, Sawai K, Minato H, et al. Number and anatomical extent of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: analysis using intralymph node injection of activated carbon particles (CH40) [Ｊ]. Jap J Clin Oncol, 1999; 29(2): 7477.
20. 于永扬, 王存, 郑阳春, 等. 比较研究纳米炭示踪剂在低位直肠癌淋巴结清扫及病理检查中的价值 [Ｊ]. 中国普外基础与临床杂志, 2008; 15(5): 358361.
21. Beslic＇ N. The role of sentinel lymph node detection in management of patients with breast cancer [Ｊ]. Med Arh, 2008; 62(4): 240241.
22. Nakahara T. Tracers used for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes [Ｊ]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 2009; 110(2): 8689.
23. Funahashi K. Current status of sentinel lymph nodebased nodal ultrastaging in colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi, 2009； 110(2): 7377.
24. Saha S, Bilchik A, Wiese D, et al. Ultrastaging of colorectal cancer by sentinel lymph node mapping technique-a multicenter trial [Ｊ]. Ann Surg Oncol, 2001; 8(9 Suppl): 94S98S.
25. Wood TF, Nora DT, Morton DL, et al. One hundred consecutive cases of sentinel lymph node mapping in early colorectal carcinoma: detection of missed micrometastases [Ｊ]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2002; 6(3): 322329.
26. Yasui W, Ito H, Du Bois RN, et al. Recent progress in pathogenesis and management of colorectal cancer. Eighteenth International Symposium of the Hiroshima Cancer Seminar, November 2008 [Ｊ]. Cancer Sci, 2009; 100(5): 978981.
27. Mattheolabakis G, Taoufik E, Haralambous S, et al. In vivo investigation of tolerance and antitumor activity of cisplatinloaded PLGAmPEG nanoparticles [Ｊ]. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2009; 71(2): 190195.
28. Jain A, Jain SK, Ganesh N, et al. Design and development of ligandappended polysaccharidic nanoparticles for the delivery of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Nanomedicine, 2009 May 15. DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.03.002.
29. Injac R, Perse M, Cerne M, et al. Protective effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 against doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats with colorectal cancer [Ｊ]. Biomaterials, 2009; 30(6): 11841196.
30. Huang H, Pierstorff E, Osawa E, et al. Active nanodiamond hydrogels for chemotherapeutic delivery [Ｊ]. Nano Lett, 2007; 7(11): 33053314.
31. Nakase Y, Hagiwara A, Kin S, et al. Intratumoral administration of methotrexate bound to activated carbon particles: antitumor effectiveness against human colon carcinoma xenografts and acute toxicity in mice [Ｊ]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2004; 311(1): 282387.
32. Ito T, Hagiwara A, Takagi T, et al. Local administration of methotrexate bound to activated carbon particles (MTXCH) for treating cancers in mice [Ｊ]. Anticancer Res, 2003; 23(2B): 14011404.
33. Hagiwara A, Hirata Y, Takahashi T, et al. A pilot study of fiberscopyguided local injection of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles for control of rectal cancer [Ｊ]. Anticancer Drugs, 1998; 9(4): 363367.
34. Kin S, Nakase Y, Fukuda K, et al. Endoscopic local injection of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles for treatment of advanced rectal cancer, when surgical treatment was contraindicated [Ｊ]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 2002; 29(12): 24132415.
35. Takahashi T, Hagiwara A, Shimotsuma M, et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C bound to activated carbon particles [Ｊ]. World J Surg, 1995; 19（4）: 565569.
36. Rosen HR, Jatzko G, Repse S, et al. Adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carbonadsorbed mitomycin in patients with gastric cancer: results of a randomized multicenter trial of the Austrian Working Group for Surgical Oncology [Ｊ]. J Clin Oncol, 1998; 16(8): 27332738.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Advances of Lymphatic Tracer in Colorectal Cancer Surgery

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

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