Characteristics of Alu Repeats and Their Relationships with Malignant Tumors_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

WANG Junfeng ¹ , ZHOU Zongguang ¹ , CHEN Yao. ²

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Keywords：

Alu repeats Malignant tumor Homologous recombination Short interspersed element

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【Abstract】ObjectiveTo discuss the molecular structures and functions of Alu repeats,and its relationships with malignant tumors.
MethodsAdvances in molecular biology and oncology of Alu repeats in recent years had been reviewed.
ResultsHomologous recombination between Alu repeats may result in various genetic exchanges,including duplications, deletions and translocations,cause a series of malignancy alteration by activating some oncogenes.
ConclusionAlu repeats as a sort of multifunction regulatory sequences may play an important role during the carcinogenesis and progression of some tumors.

Citation： WANG Junfeng,ZHOU Zongguang,CHEN Yao.. Characteristics of Alu Repeats and Their Relationships with Malignant Tumors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2005, 12(4): 419-421. doi: Copy

1.	Houck CM, Rinehart FP, Schmid CW. A ubiquitous family of repeated DNA sequences in the human genome [J]. J Mol Biol， 1979; 132(3)∶289.
2.	Deininger PL, Batzer MA. Alu repeats and human disease [J]. Mol Genet Metab, 1999; 67(3)∶183.
3.	Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome [J]. Nature, 2001; 409(6822)∶860.
4.	Batzer MA, Kilroy GE, Richard PE, et al. Structure and variability of recently inserted Alu family members [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990; 18(23)∶6793.
5.	Mighell AJ, Markham AF, Robinson PA. Alu sequences [J]. FEBS Lett, 1997; 417(1)∶1.
6.	Boeke JD. LINEs and Alus——the polyA connection [J]. Nat Genet, 1997; 16(1)∶6.
7.	Fanning TG, Singer MF. LINE1: a mammalian transposable element [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1987; 910(3)∶203.
8.	Skowronski J, Singer MF. The abundant LINE1 family of repeated DNA sequences in mammals: genes and pseudogenes [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1986; 51 Pt 1∶457.
9.	Batzer MA, Deininger PL. Alu repeats and human genomic diversity [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2002; 3(5)∶370.
10.	Shih C, Weinberg RA. Isolation of a transforming sequence from a human bladder carcinoma cell line [J]. Cell, 1982; 29(1)∶161).
11.	Rudiger NS, Gregersen N, KiellandBrandt MC. One short well conserved region of Alusequences is involved in human gene rearrangements and has homology with prokaryotic chi [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1995; 23(2)∶256).
12.	Jeffs AR, Benjes SM, Smith TL, et al. The BCR gene recombines preferentially with Alu elements in complex BCRABL translocations of chronic myeloid leukaemia [J]. Hum Mol Genet, 1998; 7(5)∶767.
13.	Aoki K, Suzuki K, Sugano T, et al. A novel gene, Translin, encodes a recombination hotspot binding protein associated with chromosomal translocations [J]. Nat Genet, 1995; 10(2)∶167.
14.	Kato S, Anderson RA, CameriniOtero RD. Foreign DNA introduced by calcium phosphate is integrated into repetitive DNA elements of the mouse L cell genome [J]. Mol Cell Biol, 1986; 6(5)∶1787.
15.	Jurka J, Milosavljevic A. Reconstruction and analysis of human Alu genes [J]. J Mol Evol, 1991; 32(2)∶105.
16.	Rohlfs EM, Puget N, Graham ML, et al. An Alumediated 7.1 kb deletion of BRCA1 exons 8 and 9 in breast and ovarian cancer families that results in alternative splicing of exon 10 [J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2000; 28(3)∶300.
17.	Tournier I, Paillerets BB, Sobol H, et al. Significant contribution of germline BRCA2 rearrangements in male breast cancer families [J]. Cancer Res, 2004; 64(22)∶8143.
18.	Ichimura K, Hanafusa H, Takimoto H, et al. Structure of the human retinoblastomarelated p107 gene and its intragenic deletion in a Bcell lymphoma cell line [J]. Gene, 2000; 251(1)∶37.
19.	Wang Y, Friedl W, Lamberti C, et al. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: frequent occurrence of large genomic deletions in MSH2 and MLH1 genes [J]. Int J Cancer, 2003; 103(5)∶636.
20.	Hsieh SY, Liaw SF, Lee SN, et al. Aberrant caspaseactivated DNase (CAD) transcripts in human hepatoma cells [J]. Br J Cancer, 2003; 88(2)∶210.
21.	Strout MP, Marcucci G, Bloomfield CD, et al. The partial tandem duplication of ALL1 (MLL) is consistently generated by Alumediated homologous recombination in acute myeloid leukemia [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998; 95(5)∶2390.

1. Houck CM, Rinehart FP, Schmid CW. A ubiquitous family of repeated DNA sequences in the human genome [J]. J Mol Biol， 1979; 132(3)∶289.
2. Deininger PL, Batzer MA. Alu repeats and human disease [J]. Mol Genet Metab, 1999; 67(3)∶183.
3. Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome [J]. Nature, 2001; 409(6822)∶860.
4. Batzer MA, Kilroy GE, Richard PE, et al. Structure and variability of recently inserted Alu family members [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990; 18(23)∶6793.
5. Mighell AJ, Markham AF, Robinson PA. Alu sequences [J]. FEBS Lett, 1997; 417(1)∶1.
6. Boeke JD. LINEs and Alus——the polyA connection [J]. Nat Genet, 1997; 16(1)∶6.
7. Fanning TG, Singer MF. LINE1: a mammalian transposable element [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1987; 910(3)∶203.
8. Skowronski J, Singer MF. The abundant LINE1 family of repeated DNA sequences in mammals: genes and pseudogenes [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1986; 51 Pt 1∶457.
9. Batzer MA, Deininger PL. Alu repeats and human genomic diversity [J]. Nat Rev Genet, 2002; 3(5)∶370.
10. Shih C, Weinberg RA. Isolation of a transforming sequence from a human bladder carcinoma cell line [J]. Cell, 1982; 29(1)∶161).
11. Rudiger NS, Gregersen N, KiellandBrandt MC. One short well conserved region of Alusequences is involved in human gene rearrangements and has homology with prokaryotic chi [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1995; 23(2)∶256).
12. Jeffs AR, Benjes SM, Smith TL, et al. The BCR gene recombines preferentially with Alu elements in complex BCRABL translocations of chronic myeloid leukaemia [J]. Hum Mol Genet, 1998; 7(5)∶767.
13. Aoki K, Suzuki K, Sugano T, et al. A novel gene, Translin, encodes a recombination hotspot binding protein associated with chromosomal translocations [J]. Nat Genet, 1995; 10(2)∶167.
14. Kato S, Anderson RA, CameriniOtero RD. Foreign DNA introduced by calcium phosphate is integrated into repetitive DNA elements of the mouse L cell genome [J]. Mol Cell Biol, 1986; 6(5)∶1787.
15. Jurka J, Milosavljevic A. Reconstruction and analysis of human Alu genes [J]. J Mol Evol, 1991; 32(2)∶105.
16. Rohlfs EM, Puget N, Graham ML, et al. An Alumediated 7.1 kb deletion of BRCA1 exons 8 and 9 in breast and ovarian cancer families that results in alternative splicing of exon 10 [J]. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2000; 28(3)∶300.
17. Tournier I, Paillerets BB, Sobol H, et al. Significant contribution of germline BRCA2 rearrangements in male breast cancer families [J]. Cancer Res, 2004; 64(22)∶8143.
18. Ichimura K, Hanafusa H, Takimoto H, et al. Structure of the human retinoblastomarelated p107 gene and its intragenic deletion in a Bcell lymphoma cell line [J]. Gene, 2000; 251(1)∶37.
19. Wang Y, Friedl W, Lamberti C, et al. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: frequent occurrence of large genomic deletions in MSH2 and MLH1 genes [J]. Int J Cancer, 2003; 103(5)∶636.
20. Hsieh SY, Liaw SF, Lee SN, et al. Aberrant caspaseactivated DNase (CAD) transcripts in human hepatoma cells [J]. Br J Cancer, 2003; 88(2)∶210.
21. Strout MP, Marcucci G, Bloomfield CD, et al. The partial tandem duplication of ALL1 (MLL) is consistently generated by Alumediated homologous recombination in acute myeloid leukemia [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998; 95(5)∶2390.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Characteristics of Alu Repeats and Their Relationships with Malignant Tumors

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