目的:探讨上颈椎损伤的早期诊断方法和治疗措施。方法：回顾分析2000年1月至2008年7月间收治住院的上颈椎损伤患者35例临床资料，其中寰椎骨折6例，枢椎骨折24例，无骨折的寰枢关节脱位5例。除3例陈旧性齿状突骨折和2例陈旧性寰枢关节脱位外，其余为新鲜损伤。评价其早期诊治方法及其预后。结果：早期漏诊6例，35例患者X线检查后均需结合CT或MRI检查完善诊断及分型。手术治疗18例，其中5例为齿状突骨折早期保守治疗后改手术治疗，2例为漏诊的陈旧性寰枢关节脱位。非手术治愈16例，其中3例齿状突骨折Ⅲ型畸形愈合。1例复合性损伤患者住院3月后诊断出寰枢关节脱位出院。33例得到4～38个月随访。随访的33例患者中，骨折患者均愈合，4例寰枢关节脱位患者脱位整复，上颈椎稳定性均维持良好，神经功能改善。结论：重视上颈椎损伤患者影像检查方法早期合理的分步选择与充分利用，避免漏诊。治疗上，积极地整复骨折与脱位，尽早恢复上颈椎的稳定性。
目的 探讨应用双吻合器低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的早期诊断和防治措施。方法 回顾性分析 2005～2011年期间笔者所在医院收治的160例应用双吻合器行低位直肠癌前切除患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者术后发生吻合口漏13例（8.1%），发生吻合口漏的时间为术后 3～12d，平均7d；8例经保守治疗后治愈，4 例经二次手术行结肠或回盲部造瘘后好转，1 例于术后12d死亡。结论 直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的早期正确诊断和合理治疗是降低患者死亡率的关键；早期的造瘘手术和通畅引流是治愈吻合口漏的必要措施。
目的探讨肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌的临床诊断和治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗28例肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌的病例资料。结果本组28例占同期肝内胆管结石病例的6.7%。术前各类影像学检查发现癌灶17例，5例获细胞学检查确诊。术中7例经快速组织活检证实。另4例系术后确诊。肿瘤多为腺癌，位于肝门胆管18例，肝内胆管9例，肝内、肝门部广泛浸润1例。根治性肿瘤切除8例，获随访6例，平均生存23个月； 姑息性肿瘤切除8例，获随访6例，平均生存11个月； 仅行外引流者7例，其中3例于术后2周内死亡，3例术后9个月内死亡，1例生存4个月后失访。结论长期肝内胆管结石刺激及继发感染是肝胆管癌发生的重要因素。联合应用影像学检查结合病理活检获得早期诊断和选择合理的根治性肝切除术是提高疗效的有效措施。
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate both incidence and mechanism attributing to steroid-associated osteonecrosisof femoral head(ONFH) using an experimental protocol with a single low-dose l i popolysaccharide (LPS) injection andsubsequently three injections of high-dose methylprednisolone (MPS). Methods Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits with body weight of (3.0 ± 0.3) kg were divided randomly into 2 groups. In treatment group, 19 rabbits received one intravenous injection of LPS (10 μg/kg); 24 hours later, three injections of 20 mg/kg of MPS were given intramuscularly at an interval of 24 hours. Additional 6 rabbits which received normal sal ine injection at the same time point were used as controls(control group). The blood samples were collected for hematological examinations before and after LPS injection, MRI was performed on bilateral hip six weeks after last MPS injection, meanwhile, bone marrow was aspirated from femoral head region to evaluate stem cell’s activity. Bilateral femoral heads were harvested to make histopathology examination. Results All animals survived throughout the experiment period except one death on the second day after LPS injection. In the histopathological examinationfor the femoral head, ONFH+ was observed in 16 rabbits (88.9%), and the lesions were mainly in the metaphysis. In ONFH+ rabbits, micro vessels fibrous thrombosis and extravascular marrow fat cell size increasing were found around necrotic bone; The femoral heads of control group had no changes. MRI accurate ratio was 93.8% (15/16). Compared to basel ine, a significant decrease in ratio of tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and activated partial thromboplatin time, and a significant increase in ratio of low-density l ipoprotein/high-density l ipoprotein were only found in ONFH+ rabbits (P lt; 0.05). Meanwhile there was a significant decrease in the number of CFU-F (8.50 ± 9.63) compared with the control (70.17 ± 7.78, P lt; 0.05). Conclusion A single low-dose LPS injection and subsequent three injections of high-dose MPS is effective on building steroid-associated ONFH model, coagulation and l ipometabol ism abnormal ity, activity degeneration of stem cell may be the key factors of ONFH.
Objective To investigate early clinical manifestations of osteogenic sarcoma to help establishment of an early diagnosis of the disease.Methods A total of 92 patients with osteogenic sarcoma in the extremities were admitted to our hospital from April 1984 to October 2002. Of the 92 patients, 71 (42 males and 29 females; averaged age 17.4 years, range 666 years; illness course 1-28 weeks) had a complete record of their medical history and examination. From their first medical visits, we obtained their clinical symptoms, physical sings, diagnoses, and duration of the delayed diagnoses. The patients were pathologically confirmed as having osteogenic sarcoma in the extremities, with the lesions located in the distal femur in 38 patients, proximal tibia in 22, proximal femur in 3, proximal fibula in 3, proximal humerus in 2, distal tibia in 2, and distalradius in 1. Results Of the 71 patients, 70 had a local pain and/or a palpable mass, 37 had a persistent pain with no difference between day and night, 23 had an intermittent pain, and 11 had a nocturnal pain. Of the 71 patients, 42 had an initial pain related to trauma, and 3 of the 42 patients had a pathologic fracture. The patients with the local mass had a delayed diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma with a delayed duration of 1-14 weeks, averaged 4 weeks; however, the patients without the local mass had a delayed diagnosis of this disease, with a delayed duration of 3-30 weeks averaged 14 weeks. In the patients undergoing an X-ray examination at the first medical visit, the duration of the delayed diagnoses was 1-20 weeks, averaged 8 weeks, but in the patients without an X-ray examination at first, the duration was 4-30 weeks, averaged 16 weeks. Conclusion Intermittent and persistent pains and local masses are the most characteristic clinical manifestations in the early stage of osteogenic sarcoma. A history of trauma often helps to make a diagnosis of the disease. Carefulclinical examination and observation should be given to adolescent patients whohave a recurrent pain around the joint.
Objective To evaluate the early diagnostic value of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). Methods The study group consisted of 177 patients with suspected NSTEACS whose blood was collected within six hours after the onset of chest pain to determine cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and IMA was determined through the albumin cobalt binding (ACB) test. After standardized diagnosis and treatment and GRACE risk score, the patients then were divided into three groups according to the final diagnosis: the NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) group (n=34), the UA (unstable angina pectoris) group (n=56) and the NICP (non-ischemia chest pain) group (n=87). Meanwhile, 58 people taking the routine examination in the same hospital at that time were randomly selected as the control group. With the results of IMA, ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff of this assay for identifying patients with NSTEACS from those with NICP. Results of IMA, ECG and cTnI were correlated with final diagnosis, and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were evaluated for NSTEACS. Results The IMA concentration in the serum showed no significant difference between the NSTEMI group and the UA group, whereas there were significant differences between the former two groups and the NICP group. The sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff point 67.49 U/mL were 91.1% and 86.2%, respectively when the ROC curve area was 0.950. The correlation between the IMA concentration and GRACE risk score was negative. Conclusion IMA is an early sensitive indicator for NSTEACS and a useful predictor of prognosis.