目的 研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）和磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-Akt）在人膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达特征及临床意义。 方法 2005年6月－2010年7月，采用免疫组织化学法检测40例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织及10例正常膀胱组织PI3K与p-Akt的表达，并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果 PI3K和p-Akt在正常膀胱黏膜组织阳性表达率均低于膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。同一标本中PI3K和p-Akt的表达不具有相关性（r=0.051，P=0.747）。 结论 PI3K、p-Akt在膀胱尿路上皮癌中高表达，两者在膀胱尿路上皮癌中共同促其发展，但其在膀胱尿路上皮癌的预后和进展中的作用尚不明确。
ObjectiveTo detect the expression level of phosphate and tension homolog deleted on chromsome ten(PTEN) and its downstream signal molecules phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in liver cells of rats during intermittent hypoxia,to investigate the effect of PTEN and p-AKT of liver cells on insulin resistance which intermittent hypoxia is relevant. MethodsA total of 24 healthy male SD rats were selected and divided into 3 groups randomly,ie.CIA (chronic intermittent air) group,CIH4 (chronic intermittent hypoxia for 4 weeks) group,and CIH8 (chronic intermittent hypoxia for 8 weeks) group. The fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,PTEN and p-AKT expressions in the liver cells were detected. The insulin resistance was evaluated systematically by the insulin sensitive index (ISI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Average gray value was used to represent the protein expressions of PTEN and p-AKT. ResultsCompared with CIA group,the decline of ISI in CIH4 group and CIH8 group was significant (P<0.05). Furthermore,the decline in CIH8 group was more significant than that in CIH4 group (P<0.05). Compared with CIA group,the rise of HOMA-IR in CIH4 and CIH8 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition,the rise in CIH8 group was more significant than that in CIH4 group (P<0.05). Compared with CIA group,there was a significant rise in the protein expressions of PTEN in CIH4 and CIH8 groups (P<0.05). Compared with CIH4 group,the rise of the protein expressions of PTEN in CIH8 group was still statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with CIA group,there was a significant decline in the protein expressions of p-AKT in CIH4 and CIH8 groups (P<0.05). Compared with CIH4 group,the decline of protein expression of p-AKT in CIH8 group was still of statistical significance (P<0.05). There was a significantly increasing trend for the expression of PTEN in the liver cells of rats with intermittent hypoxia along with the decline of ISI and rise of HOMA-IR. The expression increased significantly with the longer duration of intermittent hypoxia. The expression of p-AKT in liver cells of rats with intermittent hypoxia decreased along with the decline of ISI and rise of HOMA-IR. Furthermore,the decline tendency was more significant with the long duration of intermittent hypoxia. ConclusionThe fasting blood glucose of rats and insulin level increase due to the chronic intermittent hypoxia,resulting in the insulin resistance. The degree of insulin resistance increases with the longer duration of intermittent hypoxia. The expression of PTEN protein increases with intermittent hypoxia,and that of p-AKT protein decreases,which is obviously correlated with ISI and HOMA-IR. It is indicated that the PTEN protein possibly play an important role in the mechanism of insulin resistance for rats with intermittent hypoxia.