Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and coronary atherosclerosis (CAS) in type 2 diabetes patients and other risk factors of DR. Methods A total of 118 patients of type 2 diabetes with DR (DR group), 120 patients of type 2 diabetes without DR matched in age and sex (non-DR group), and 86 normal controls (control group) were enrolled in this study. The body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), fasting blood-glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C), creatinine, estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) in all the subjects were measured. Meanwhile, the incidence of CAS in the three groups was detected by 64slice multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA). Assume concurrent DR as dependent variable, clinical indicators and laboratory parameters as independent variable, the risk factors were determined by Logistic regression analysis. In addition, CAS as dependent variable, DR as fixed factor, analysis of covariance was used to investigate the relationship between CAS and DR. Results The incidence of CAS in DR group was higher than that in nonDR group and control group, the differences were statistically significant (chi;2=26.9,35.5;P＜0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic BP, BMI, CAS, myocardial infarction and UAER were key risk factors for DR ［odds ratio (OR)=1.02, 0.89, 4.50, 3.89, 1.34;P＜0.05］. There was a negative relationship between BMI and DR. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was significant correlation between CAS and DR (OR=5.31, 95% confidence interval=2.62-10.60; P＜0.05). Conclusion CAS is independently associated with DR in type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, the other risk factors for DR include systolic BP, BMI, myocardial infarction and UAER.
Objective To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes. Methods The clinical data of 412 type 2 diabetes patients, diagnosed between 2003 and 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was confirmed by ophthalmoloscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography. Glycated hemoglobin A1c, glucose, insulin, and Cpeptide of fasting plasma, and 1, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma were measured. According to the abovementioned data, get the fluctuation of glucose, insulin and C-peptide of 1, 2 and 3 hour postprandial plasma. Results The morbidity of DR and PDR increased following the longer disease duration. Age, diabetic duration，body mass index (BMI), hypertension grade, HbA1C, fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose, 1 and 2 hours postprandial plasma insulin, 1, 2 and 3 hour postprandial plasma C-peptide, 1, 2 and 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide fluctuation are different statistically among non-DR group, non-PDR group and PDR group (P＜0.05). 3 hours postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR (P＜0.05). Conclusions Postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin were risk factors of DR. Nevertheless, postprandial insulin, fasting and postprandial C-peptide, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide fluctuation were useful for DR diagnosis.
Objective To investigate the amounts of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in peripheral blood of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods Forty patients with PDR (PDR group), thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR (DM group), and twenty age-matched normal subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were treated by repeated centrifugation and stained with monoclonal antibodies. At least 2times;105 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. EPCs were identified by CD34 and CD133 antibody. The correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipids was analyzed. Results The number of EPCs in PDR, DM and control group were (49plusmn;12)、(35plusmn;11)、(90plusmn;25) cells/ml respectively, the difference was statistically significant (F=56.260, P=0.000). There was a positive correlation between EPCs numbers and DR duration (r=0.564, P＜0.05). However there was no correlation between EPCs numbers and glycosylated hemoglobin (r=-0.170, P＞0.05) or triglyceride levels (r=0.261, Pgt;0.05). Conclusions The number of EPCs in peripheral blood of PDR patients was decreased. EPCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.
Objective To observe the amount of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) at different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Sixty patients with type 2 DM were divided into no DR (NDR) group, non-proliferative DR (NPDR)group and proliferative DR (PDR)group according to the examination of fundus and fundus fluorescein angiography, 20 patients in each group. Twenty healthy people were collected as the control group. 6 ml blood samples were taken from all the subjects, and then the EPCs contents in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Results The EPCs contents in peripheral blood of the control, NDR, NPDR and PDR group were (0.0179plusmn;0.0047)%, (0.0151plusmn;0.0086)%, (0.0123plusmn;0.1137)%, (0.0316plusmn;0.0 294)%. The EPCs contents in peripheral blood of the PDR group was significantly higher than those in others (chi;2=43.780, P＜0.05); the EPCs contents in peripheral blood of the NDR and NPDR group were slightly lower than that in the control group (chi;2=5.244, P=0.73); the EPCs contents in peripheral blood of the NPDR group was lower than that in the NDR group (chi;2=6.016, P=0.12). Conclusion The EPCs contents in peripheral blood decreases in NDR, NPDR patients, while significantly increases in PDR patients.