ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between perioperative blood transfusion and hepatic postoperative infection. MethodsOne hundred and thirty patients undergoing hepatic operation were analyzed retrospectively on the relation of perioperative blood transfusion with postoperative infective morbidity and mortality in the period 1989-1999. The patients were divided into blood transfused group and nontransfused group. The major or minor hepatectomy was performed in 53 patients with hepatic malignancy and benign diseases. ResultsIn the blood transfused group, the infective morbidity and perioperative mortality rate was 38.5% and 16.7% respectively, significantly higher than those in nontransfused group (11.5% and 3.8% respectively), P＜0.05. The total lymphocyte count was lower in transfused group than that in nontransfused group. The postoperative antibiotics used time and length of hospital stay were (9.7±4.2) days and (18.7±13.1) days respectively in transfused group than those in nontransfused group (5.3±2.3) days and (12.7±5.2) days respectively. ConclusionThe results suggest that hepatic postoperative infective morbidity and mortality are related with perioperative blood transfusion. Any strategy to reduce blood loss in liver surgery and decrease blood transfusion would be helpful to lower postoperative infective morbidity.
Objective To evaluate different clinical effects of three inflow occlusion methods in hepatectomy including pringle maneuver （Pringle group），selective portal venous exclusion （SPVE group）， and Glissonean pedicle exclusion （SGSE group）. Methods The clinical data of patients underwent the liver resection with the above liver inflow occlusion methods were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time， inflow occlusion time， amount of intraop-erative blood loss， transfusion rate， and postoperative hepatic function and complication rate were compared for each group. Results There were not significant difference of preoperative conditions，operation time， inflow occlusion time，tumor character， postoperative liver function， hospital time，and ICU time （P＞0.05）. The amount of intraoperative blood loss and rate of blood transfusion of SGSE group were significantly less （lower） than those Pringle group and SPVEgroup （P＜0.05）. In addition to the first day after operation， the AST and ALT at other time point of SPVE group and SGSE group were improved than that Pringle group （P＜0.05）， while TBIL at the third and fifth day after operation ofPringle group were improved （P＜0.05）. The complication rates of SPVE group and SGSE group were significantly lowerthan that of Pringle group （P＜0.05）. Conclusions In the similar operatin time and inflow occlusion time，Glissonean pedicle exclusion method can control the intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion better，and can promote the patientrecovery. Besides， the inflow occlusion methods should be selected based on the practical condition of patients.
ObjectiveTo summarize the experiences of precise liver resection for giant complex hepatic neoplasm. MethodsFifty-two cases of giant complex hepatic neoplasms were resected using precise liver resection techniques from April 2008 to August 2009. Hepatic functional reserve and liver imaging were evaluated before operation. Appropriate surgical approach, halfhepatic blood flow occlusion, new technique of liver resection, and intraoperative ultrasonography were applied during operation. ResultsThe mean operative time, halfhepatic blood occlusion time, blood loss, recovery of alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were 350 min (210－440 min), 43 min (8－57 min), 370 ml (250－1 150 ml), 10 d (7－14 d), and 4.5 d (3－10 d), respectively. Only 6 patients had mild bile leakage. No liver failure and other major complications emerged, and no death happened. ConclusionPrecise liver resection is a safe and effective approach for giant complex hepatic neoplasm.
Objective To refine the technique of portal inflow occlusion and parenchymal transection for laparoscopic hepatectomy in the porcine model. Methods Ten pigs were used. The portal inflow complete or selective occlusion was carried out with portal triad clamping or dissection and division of the left portal pedicle. The sequential laparoscopic local hepatectomy, left lateral lobectomy, and left medial lobectomy were performed without portal inflow occlusion. Parenchymal transection was performed with harmonic scalpel, LigaSure, microwave dissector, bipolar electrocautery, surgical clips, and endoscopic stapler. The efficacy and safety of different techniques in laparoscopic parenchymal transection of the liver were compared. Results The ischemic liver was darken with complete or selective portal triad clamping. The ischemic demarcation line between left and right lobe was obvious with the dissection and division of the left portal pedicle. There was an applicable scope of each hepatic parenchymal transection apparatus. The optimal combination of different techniques could increase efficacy and reduce hemorrhage in laparoscopic parenchymal transection of the liver. Conclusion Technical refinements of portal inflow occlusion and parenchymal transection in porcine models could provide evidences to clinical appliance of laparoscopic anatomic major hepatectomy.
【Abstract】 ObjectiveTo review the advances in techniques of hepatic blood occlusion in hepatectomy. Methods The related literatures were reviewed and analysed. ResultsThere were many techniques of hepatic blood occlusion. The most frequently used and studied techniques were hemihepatic vascular occlusion and intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion. Hepatic vascular exclusion was employed when hepatic veins and/or vena cava would be damaged. Total vascular exclusion and other techniques were rarely used. Conclusion To reduce blood loss in hepatectomy and make patient safe, based on the situation of the patient, the technique should be ingeniously selected.
目的探讨保留肝动脉血供的肝血流阻断对肝切除术失血量和肝功能的影响。 方法回顾性分析了2007年9月至2012年12月期间上海交通大学医学院附属第三人民医院118例行肝切除术患者的临床资料，其中68例行保留肝动脉血供的肝血流阻断（保留组），50例采用Pringl法行肝门阻断（阻断组），比较2组的手术失血量、接受输血病例的比例、手术并发症以及术后肝功能恢复情况。 结果全组无围手术期死亡病例。保留组患者的平均手术时间、术中失血量、接受输血患者的比例、术后肠道功能恢复时间以及术后并发症发生率与阻断组相比差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；术后第1天及第5天，谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶水平保留组明显低于阻断组（P＜0.05）。 结论保留肝动脉血供的肝血流阻断法能有效控制肝断面出血，明显保护了肝脏功能，且并未延长手术时间。
目的探讨腹腔镜下不同的入肝血流阻断方法下行规则性或不规则性局部肝切除的手术方法及其临床应用。 方法回顾性分析2007年5月至2012年7月期间在江苏省苏北人民医院完成的25例腹腔镜肝切除术患者的临床资料，其中行规则性肝切除术14例，不规则性局部肝切除术11例。术后病理学检查证实原发性肝癌9例，肝血管瘤10例，结直肠癌肝转移1例，左肝内胆管结石5例。 结果本组25例均成功完成了腹腔镜肝切除术（其中合并胆囊切除术3例，合并胆囊切除及胆总管探查术1例），无中转开腹手术者。其中行区域性入肝血流阻断联合规则性肝切除术14例，应用自制的第一肝门阻断器行全肝入肝血流阻断联合不规则的局部肝切除术11例。手术时间（149.6±19.8）min（120～195 min），术中出血量（320±73.6）mL（180～460 mL），腹腔引流管放置时间3～11 d。有1例术后第3天出现胆汁漏，予以放置自制双套管冲洗后引流量逐渐减少，术后第11天顺利拔管；其余病例未发生胆汁漏、出血、感染等并发症。术后住院时间（8.6±2.4）d（5～13 d）。9例肝脏恶性肿瘤患者术后均获随访，截至2012年7月29日，其随访时间12～48个月，平均17个月，1年无瘤生存患者有7例。 结论腹腔镜肝切除术是安全可行的，肝脏血流阻断技术是其成功的关键和保障。左半肝或左外叶病灶可考虑行区域性入肝血流阻断联合规则性肝切除术；右半肝不规则的病灶或病灶较小时，应用自制的第一肝门阻断器行全肝入肝血流阻断联合不规则的局部肝切除术，是简洁、实用的方法，可避免切除过多的肝组织。
ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HHO) and total hepatic inflow occlusion (THO) which were applied in the liver resection. MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HHO and THO in hepatectomy were electro-nically searched from CENTRAL (Issue 1, 2013), PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI and Digital Journals of Chinese Medical System. The English or Chinese version of relevant published and unpublished data and their references were also retrieved by hand. The last retrieval date was in May 2013. The data were extracted and the quality was evaluated by two reviewers independently, and then RevMan 5.2 software was used for data analysis. ResultsTen RCTs involving 788 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, HHO reduced the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) (WMD=-235.84, 95%CI-411.28 to-60.40, P=0.008) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD=-195.52, 95%CI-351.87 to-39.16, P=0.01) in 1 day postoperatively. HHO also shortened the recovery time of AST (WMD=-3.83, 95%CI-4.52 to-3.15, P < 0.000 01) and ALT (WMD=-4.29, 95%CI-5.75 to-2.84, P < 0.000 01) postoperatively, and shortened the recovery time of gastrointestinal function (WMD=-1.52, 95%CI-2.75 to-0.29, P=0.02). However, HHO was the same as THO in intraoperative haemorrhage and postoperative transfusion and hospital stay. ConclusionHHO applied in liver resection could relieve the damage of liver function, and shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function postoperatively. Due to the poor quality of the included studies, more high quality RCTs with longer follow-up are required to further verify the aforementioned conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of hemihepatic blood flow occlusion versus Pringle's maneuver during hepatectomy. MethodsWe electronically searched The Cochrane Library (Issue 8, 2013), PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about hemihepatic blood flow occlusion versus Pringle's maneuver during hepatectomy. The duration of search was from the inception of the databases to August 2013. Meanwhile, references of the included studies were also retrieved. After literature selection, data extraction and quality assessment conducted by two reviewers independently, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsSeven studies involving 624 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: a) for safety, Pringle's maneuver was shorter than hemihepatic blood flow occlusion in operation time (SMD=0.34, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.66, P=0.04). But they were alike in intraoperative blood loss, transfusion requirements, hospitalization time, and complications. b) For effectiveness, Pringle's maneuver was lower than hemihepatic blood flow occlusion in the levels of 3rd day ALT (SMD=-0.71, 95%CI-1.28 to-0.14, P=0.02), 7th day ALT (SMD=-1.73, 95%CI-2.85 to-0.62, P=0.002), 1st day AST (SMD=-0.74, 95%CI-1.38 to-0.09, P=0.03), 7th day AST (SMD=-0.99, 95%CI-1.26 to-0.71, P < 0.000 01), 3rd day TBIL (SMD=-0.34, 95%CI-0.57 to-0.10, P=0.005), and 7th day TBIL (SMD=-0.52, 95%CI-1.02 to-0.01, P=0.04). ConclusionCompared to the Pringle's maneuver, hemihepatic blood flow occlusion during hepatectomy could promote the recovery of liver function. However, the number of the included RCTs in the review is small and the quality is low, some of the main information is not reported and the information for analysis lacks. Therefore, the aforementioned conclusion needs to be verified by conducting more large-scale, multicenter and high-quality RCTs.