ObjectiveTo observe the clinical and pathological features of choroidal malignant melanoma (CM). MethodsA retrospective case study. From 2011 to 2021, paraffin specimens from 15 eyes of 15 CM patients diagnosed by pathological examination in the Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. The age, gender, clinical manifestations, treatment plan and pathological examination results of patients were collected retrospectively through the hospital information system. The clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical staining and molecular pathological characteristics were analyzed. ResultsAmong the 15 cases, 8 males and 7 females. The average age was 61. All patients were monocular paroxysm. There were 8 cases of decreased vision, blurred vision and dark shadow in front of the eyes; 1 case had red eye, lacrimation and purulent secretion; 2 cases had visual loss and no light perception; 4 cases had retinal detachment. The average diameter of the tumors was 1.4 cm. The general appearance of the tumor was hemispherical, “mushroom-shaped” or flat diffuse. Most of the tumor cells were arranged in solid, flaky and cross clusters, and some of them were arranged in false “chrysanthemum form” around the blood vessels with necrosis. In 15 eyes, spindle-cell type, epithelioid type and mixed cell type were 6, 2 and 7 eyes, respectively. The cytoplasm was partly double stained or eosinophilic, partly clear, and partly rich in pigment. The cells had poor adhesion, marked atypia, rough chromatin, frequent mitotic figures, and prominent nucleoli . Immunohistochemical staining was positive for HMB45, SOX10, S100 and Melan-A in 15 patients, but negative for epithelial markers AE1/3, lymphatic markers LCA, neuroendocrine markers CgA and Syn. Genetic testing results showed that none of the patients found C-KIT, BRAF, NRAS gene mutations. Fifteen patients were followed up for 8-96 months, of which 12 survived and 3 died after recurrence and/or metastasis. ConclusionCM has no specific clinical clinical manifestations, and he diagnosis depends on histological morphology and immunohistochemical staining.
Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR) is a peripheral retinal disease characterized by subretinal hemorrhage and/or subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage or exudation. It is often misdiagnosed as age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal chorioretinopathy or choroidal melanoma. With the development of multimodal imaging, PEHCR has different features under different examinations, such as B-scan ultrasound, fluorescein fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography and so on, which contributes to differention from other diseases. Clinical treatments for the disease include intravitreal injection of retinal photocoagulation therapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, pars plana vitrectomyand so on, but there is still no universal consensus. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the clinical features, treatment options and prognosis of PEHCR, minimize missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses, and improve treatment efficiency, further research is required.