Objective To investigate the current situation of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Sichuan province, and to analyze the influencing factors of SMBG, so as to provide evidence for improving the level of SMBG. Methods By the convenience sampling method, 410 patients with T2DM for more than 1 year were selected from 17 hospitals and community health service centers in 7 cities across Sichuan province, and their SMBG was investigated with a questionnaire. Results Among 410 eligible patients, the average frequency of SMBG was 7.3 times per month. There were 268 patients (65.4%) performed SMBG less than 4 times per month, 94 (22.9%) performed 4-15 times per month, 29 (7.1%) performed 6-29 times per month, and 19 (4.6%) performed over 30 times per month. Just 234 patients (57.1%) monitored the HbA1c in the past 6 months. FPG, 2-hour PPG and HbA1c were negatively correlated with the frequency of SMBG. The influencing factors of SMBG were insulin treatment and education. Conlusion The SMBG status in D2TM patients is relatively poor in Sichuan province, and the compliance of SMBG is expected to be improved by enhancing diabetic education.
目的 探讨护理行为对重症急性胰腺炎患者在实时强化血糖控制和治疗中的效果与影响。 方法 选择2010年7月－2011年7月15例采用强化血糖控制研究的急性重症胰腺炎患者，对其实时24 h动态血糖监测的护理方法及要点进行回顾分析。 结果 15例患者顺利完成强化血糖控制的临床研究，血糖值达到目标监测范围（6.1～8.3 mmol/L）的百分比例78.3%，未出现严重并发症。 结论 实时动态的血糖监测、严格执行的强化血糖控制方案及针对性护理措施可为重症胰腺炎患者的血糖强化控制提供安全有效的保证。
目的 了解接受胰岛素治疗的糖化血红蛋白＞7.5%的2型糖尿病患者自我血糖监测现状及存在的问题，为帮助患者建立健康行为提供理论依据。 方法 对2008年12月－2011年2月住院治疗的128例符合纳入标准的患者进行问卷调查。调查内容包括患者一般资料、血糖控制情况、自我监测相关知识及技能等内容。 结果 共发放问卷128份，收回128份，其中有效问卷122份。糖尿病患者血糖自我监测知识获取渠道单一，且相关知识匮乏；不能制定正确血糖自我监测方案，不能对检测结果进行正确记录和汇报；血糖检测操作不正确，检测频率达不到标准要求。 结论 接受胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者自我监测现状并不容乐观，患者自我监测行为缺乏。为此，提高糖尿病患者健康教育水平，帮助其建立并维持健康行为，是糖尿病教育工作的重点和挑战。
【摘要】 目的 评价2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）患者动态血糖监测（continuous glucose monitoring，CGM）的准确性及其相关因素。 方法 2009年1月—2010年1月共纳入患者530例，其中口服降糖药治疗者和胰岛素强化治疗者各265例。应用动态血糖监测系统（美国Medtronic MiniMed公司）连续监测3 d，同时每天输入4次指尖血糖值（self-monitoring of blood glucose，SMBG）进行校正。用直线回归分析CGM值与SMBG的相关性，用Clarke误差表格分析一致性，用平均绝对差（mean absolute relative difference，MAD）评价准确性，并分析MAD的相关因素。 结果 ①共收集到6 350对CGM值[（9.66±3.54） mmol/L]与SMBG值[（9.64±3.38） mmol/L]，两者差异无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，两者呈正相关（r=0.959，Plt;0.001）。②Clarke误差表格分析显示:99.89%的点位于A区和B区，其中92.37%血糖值位于A区，7.72%位于B区，其余7对（0.11%）位于D区。③总体MAD值为7.2%（5.5%~9.5%），通过分析每天的MAD值见到，随着监测时间的延长，CGM结果的MAD值逐渐降低，而准确性逐渐升高。 ④胰岛素强化治疗组患者MAD值高于口服药治疗组患者（Plt;0.05），多元逐步回归分析显示，MAD值与糖化血清白蛋白水平呈独立负相关（β=-0.134， Plt;0.01），与胰岛素强化治疗呈独立正相关（β=0.117， Plt;0.05）。 结论 ①动态血糖与毛细血管血糖具有良好的相关性、一致性及准确性。 ②CGM结果的准确性除了受监测时间的影响外，还可能与患者的降糖治疗方案有关。【Abstract】 Objective To assess the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its correlated factors. Methods From January 2009 to January 2010, 530 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study, including 265 subjects taking oral hypoglycemic agents and the other 265 subjects taking intensive insulin treatment. All the subjects underwent CGM (American Medtronic MiniMed) for three days. Meanwhile, capillary glucose values through self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) were inputted four times a day for adjustment. The correlation of CGM value and capillary glucose value was analyzed by linear regression method. The consistency was analyzed by Clarke error grid. Mean absolute relative difference (MAD) was used to assess accuracy and correlated factors of MAD were also analyzed. Results ① A total of 6 350 pairs of CGM and SMBG values were collected [(9.66±3.54) mmol/L vs. 9.64±3.38) mmol/L,Pgt;0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that CGM value was positively correlated with SMBG value (r=0.959,Plt;0.001). ② Clarke error grid demonstrated that 99.89% of paired SMBG-CGM values were located in zone A and zone B and the remaining seven pairs (0.11%) of glucose values were located in zone D. ③ The overall MAD value was 7.2% (5.5%-9.5%). According to the analysis of daily MAD value, MAD value decreased, while accuracy elevated gradually with monitoring time. ④ MAD value of intensive insulin treatment group was higher than that of the oral hypoglycemic agent treatment group (Plt;0.05). And stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that MAD value had negative correlation with glycated albumin level (β=-0.134, Plt;0.01) and positive correlation with intensive insulin treatment (β= 0.117,Plt;0.05). Conclusions ① The results of CGM are accurate, and have good correlation and consistency with capillary glucose. ② Besides monitoring time, the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring may be also associated with hypoglycemic treatment strategy.
ObjectiveTo summarize the monitoring experiences of blood glucose for patients with rheumatic heart disease combined with diabetes, in order to prevent postoperative complications caused by abnormal blood sugar, relieve pain and promote rehabilitation. MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of the patients with diabetes after heart valve replacement who were admitted to our department from April 2011 to March 2012. Eighty patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 40 in each group. Patients in the control group received conventional treatment with subcutaneous insulin injection, while the observation group patients were treated with intravenous insulin pump, and the dose of insulin was adjusted depending on blood glucose levels. Then we compared the postoperative changes in blood glucose level and complications between the two groups. ResultsThe insulin dose, the time of reaching target blood glucose levels, hospital stays and postoperative complication rates were significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05). During the one-year follow-up after operations, 2 and 4 patients died respectively in the observation group and the control group, and the difference was not significant (χ2=0.180, P=0.670). ConclusionFor patients with diabetes after heart valve replacements, intravenous insulin pump is better than subcutaneous insulin injection. It can prevent complications, shorten hospital stays, reduce financial burden, and promote prognosis and harmonious doctor-patient relationship.
Continuous glucose monitoring plays an important role in severe diabetic patients. However, there is no available commercial implanted glucose biosensor for long-term clinic application. This paper firstly introduces the classification of biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring, and then discusses the failure mechanism for implanted biosensors. After that, it points out the routes and tips to improve the life time of the biosensor, and finally looks forward to the future development of implanted glucose biosensors.