Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of oral appliance (OA) vs. continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in treating patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods The following databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, VIP, WanFang data and CNKI were searched from inception to November 30, 2012 to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on OA vs. CPAP in treating OSAHS. The relevant conference proceedings were also retrieved without limitation of type and publication time. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated quality. And then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Besides, the level of evidence was graded using GRADEpro 3.6 software. Results A total of 7 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: a) compared with OA, CPAP significantly reduced the degree of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (WMD=9.13, 95%CI 8.77 to 9.50, Plt;0.000 01); and b) there was no significant difference in the Epworth sleeping scale (ESS) between OA and CPAP (WMD=0.00, 95%CI −0.12 to 0.12, P=0.97). Conclusion Compared with OA, CPAP takes remarkable effects in improving AHI for mild to moderate OSAHS, but it shows no significant difference in improving ESS. For the quality and quantity limitation of the included studies, this conclusion still needs to be proved by conducting more high quality RCTs.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) combined with general anesthesia (GA) versus GA alone on intrapulmonary shunting during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Methods We searched the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2009), the specialized trials registered in the Cochrane anesthesia group, PubMed (1966 to Dec. 2009), EMbase (1966 to Dec. 2008), CBM (1978 to Dec. 2009), VIP (1989 to Dec. 2009), CNKI (1915 to Dec. 2009), and handsearched Clinical Anesthesia Journal and Chinese Anesthesia Journal. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effectiveness of TEA combined with GA versus GA alone on intrapulmonary shunting during OLV were included, The methodological quality of included RCTs was evaluated by two reviewers independently, Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Ten RCTs involving 506 patients were included. The results of meta-analyses showed that there were no significant differences in intrapulmonary shunting during OLV at different times-points of 5, 15, 20, 30, and 60 minutes after OLV. Conclusion Both TEA combined with GA and GA alone have the same Security during OLV. But owing to the low quality and small sample size of the included studies, further more well-designed, large sample size RCTs are needed.
Objective To determine the efficacy and prognosis of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Trials were located through electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Foreign Journals Integration System (from the start date to March 2008). We also checked the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Statistical analysis was performed with The Cochrane Collaboration’s software RevMan 4.2.10. Results A total of 19 trials involving 1 236 patients were included. Results showed that: (1) NPPV vs. conventional therapy: NPPV was superior to conventional therapy in terms of intubation rate (RR 0.36, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.49), failure rate (RR 0.62, 95%CI 0.43 to 0.90), and mortality (RR 0.49, 95%CI 0.34 to 0.69). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group (WMD – 3.83, 95%CI – 5.78 to – 1.89), but the length of ICU stay was similar. The changes of PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were much more obvious in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group. The change of respiratory rate was more significant in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group (WMD – 3.75, 95%CI – 5.48 to – 2.03). At discharge and follow-up, there were no significant differences in FEV1, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and vital capacity between the two groups. (2) NPPV vs. invasive ventilation: the mortality was similar between the two groups. The incidence of complications was lower in the NPPV group compared with the invasive group (RR 0.38, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.73). The length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and weaning time were shorter in the NPPV group than those of the invasive group. At discharge and follow-up, clinical conditions were similar between the two groups. Conclusion The limited current evidence showed that NPPV was superior to conventional therapy in improving intubation rate, mortality, short term of blood-gas change, the change of respiratory rate; and superior to invasive ventilation in the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complication. There were no difference among them in discharge and follow-up.
目的 比较无创双水平正压通气（BiPAP）平均容积保证压力支持（AVAPS）模式与同步/时间控制（S/T）模式在肥胖的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者并发急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭中的治疗作用。 方法 选取2012年3月－2013年6月入院治疗且体质量指数（BMI）＞25 kg/m2的COPD发生急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者36例，按数字随机表法分为AVAPS组与S/T组。两组的基础治疗相同，AVAPS组采用飞利浦伟康V60呼吸机BiPAP AVAPS模式进行无创通气治疗，S/T组采用相同机型BiPAP S/T模式治疗。分别比较两组患者治疗1、6、24、72 h的格拉斯高昏迷（GCS）评分变化、血气分析结果、呼吸机监测数据。 结果 AVAPS组患者在最初治疗的6 h内GCS评分高于S/T组[1 h：（13.2 ± 0.6）、（11.9 ± 0.6） 分，P＜0.05；6 h：（13.8 ± 0.5）、（12.1 ± 0.6）分，P＜0.05]；24 h内的动脉血气酸碱度pH值改善[1 h：7.31 ± 0.03、7.26 ± 0.02，P＜0.05；6 h：7.37 ± 0.05、7.31 ± 0.04，P＜0.05]；24 h：7.40 ± 0.04、7.33 ± 0.03，P＜0.05]及二氧化碳分压下降[1 h：（65.2 ± 5.1）、（69.5 ± 4.1）mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa），P＜0.05；6 h：（61.4 ± 4.2）、（66.7 ± 4.3） mm Hg，P＜0.05；24 h：（58.2 ± 4.5）、（64.3 ± 5.4） mm Hg，P＜0.05）]优于S/T组，24 h内浅快呼吸指数低于S/T组[1 h：（35.2 ± 8.1）、（62.8 ± 13.2）次/（min·L），P＜0.05]；6 h（33.4 ± 7.8） 、（54.8 ± 11.6）次/（min·L），P＜0.05]，同时，减少了额外的人工参数调整次数[3.4 ± 1.1、1.2 ± 0.6），P＜0.05] 结论 对超重的COPD合并急性Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者采用AVAPS模式进行无创通气治疗，较S/T模式能更快地恢复意识水平，更快地降低血二氧化碳分压、改善pH值，同时减少了呼吸治疗师的人工操作次数。
目的 探讨≤10 kg体重婴幼儿心脏直视术后呼吸机使用时间的相关因素。 方法 从2005年3月－2011年6月，选择纳入接受心脏直视手术的体重≤10 kg的先天性心脏病婴幼儿，分析各项围术期指标与术后呼吸机使用时间的关系，讨论该类婴幼儿术后呼吸机使用时间决策。 结果 共纳入体重≤10 kg的婴幼儿42例，呼吸机使用时间（42.74 ± 52.55） h，中位数20.88 h;发现术后2 h入量（mL/kg），术后4、8、16 h总入量（mL/kg）与术后呼吸机使用时间相关（P＜0.05），术后呼吸机使用时间与患儿ICU入住时间约成线性相关（P＜0.05）。 结论 影响低体重婴幼儿心脏直视术后呼吸机使用时间是术后液体管理，实施“限制性液体管理”治疗策略可能会促进患儿的术后快速康复。术后液体管理如何具体影响患儿呼吸机使用时间，影响患儿的预后，尚需进一步研究。Objective To evaluate the factors related to the postoperative mechanical ventilation (MV) duration in low-weight infants weighing less than 10 kg having undergone open cardiac surgery. Methods From March 2005 to June 2011, infants less than 10 kg undergoing congenital cardiac surgery were included in this research. We analyzed the relationship between various peri-operative indexes and the duration of MV, and discussed the decision for ventilation time for these infant patients. Results A total of 42 infants were included in our study. The ventilation time was (42.74 ±52.55) hours with a median of 20.88 hours. The postoperative second-hour fluid intake and the total intake of fluid at hour 4, 8, and 16 were related to the duration of mechanical ventilation (P＜0.05). And the ventilation time had a linear relationship with the ICU-stay time (P＜0.05). Conclusions The postoperative fluid management is associated with the duration of mechanical ventilation for low-weight infants having undergone open cardiac surgery. “Fluid controlling management” may facilitate quick recovery of the infant patients. However, as for how the fluid should be managed, how the fluid management influences ventilation time and the prognosis, more research is needed.
【摘要】 目的 研究肺癌患者的气道高反应性和肺通气功能情况，并探讨其易感因素，为肺癌患者肺通气功能的临床评估提供依据。 方法 对2010年4月-2011年4月收治的40例肺癌患者（A组）进行术前肺功能检测及气管激发试验，选取同期的健康体检者40例做对照组（B组），并采用logistic逐步回归分析肺癌患者的气道高反应性的易感因素。 结果 ①A组患者的用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积（forced expiratory volume in one second，FEV1）、最高呼气流量（peak expiratory flow，PEF）以及最大呼气中期流量均小于B组，且差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）；②A组的FEV1估计异常人数和PEF估计异常人数均多于B组（Plt;0.05）；③A组组胺气道激发试验阳性者多于B组（χ2=5.000，P=0.025），且A组PD20FEV1低于对照组[分别为（4.69±0.82）、（8.32±1.43）μmol/L；t=13.930，P=0.000]；④logistic逐步回归分析表明影响A组患者的气道高反应性的因素为年龄、分型、TNM分期、病史、吸烟。 结论 肺癌气道反应性增高，且肺功能下降，由于肺癌气道高反应性的易感因素较多，因此需对合并因素较多者进行及时的预防，防止由于气道阻力增加和气道狭窄引起的胸闷、咳嗽、喘息和呼吸困难等症状。【Abstract】 Objective To learn the condition of bronchial hyper-reactivity and pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer, and explore the risk factors for bronchial hyper-reactivity in order to provide clinical reference for pulmonary function evaluation in patients with lung cancer. Methods Forty patients with lung cancer treated in our hospital from April 2010 to April 2011 (research group) took pulmonary function and tracheal stimulation tests before operation, and in the meanwhile, 40 healthy people were chosen as controls. The logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the risk factors for bronchial hyper-reactivity. Results The forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVl), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximal mid expiratory flow in the research group patients were all significantly lower than those in the control group patients (P=0.000). The number of patients with estimated FEVl and PEF abnormality in the research group was more than that in the control group (P=0.05). The number of patients positive in histamine bronchial provocation test in the research group was more than that in the control group (χ2=5.000, P=0.025), and the PD20FEV1 level of the research group was lower than that of the control group [(4.69±0.82) and (8.32±1.43) μmol/L; t=13.930, P=0.000]. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for bronchial hyper-reactivity in patients with lung cancer were age, type, TNM stage, history of lung cancer, and smoking. Conclusions The airway reactivity elevates and the lung cancer pulmonary function decreases in lung cancer patients. Because there are many risk factors, prevention should be taken for patients with combined risk factors to avoid the occurrence of chest distress, cough, gasp and dyspnea caused by increased airway resistance and stricture.
【摘要】 目的 总结先天性心脏病术后无创通气的监护。 方法 2008年1-12月胸外ICU 36例先天性心脏病术后患儿，在使用无创通气前后监测血压、心率、呼吸及血气变化。 结果 与无创通气前相比，无创通气后30 min、1 h、2 h的指标均恢复到满意水平，循环稳定。 结论 通过采用无创通气，80%的患儿避免了再次插管，缩短有创通气时间，同时避免了相关的呼吸道并发症，缩短了患儿住院时间，节省了医疗费用，提升了先天性心脏病患儿术后成活率。【Abstract】 Objective To summarize the nursing experience of noninvasive ventilation for infants with congenital heart disease after the surgery. Methods A total of 36 patients who underwent noninvasive ventilation from January to December 2008 were enrolled. The blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and blood gas were recorded and analyzed before and after noninvasive ventilation. Results Compared with the results before noninvasive ventilation, all of the indexes returned to a satisfying level and the circulation kept stable 30 minutes, one hour, and two hours after noninvasive ventilation. Conclusion Noninvasive ventilation may avoid reintubation, shorten the invasive ventilatory time, decrease the respiratory complications, shorten the time of hospitalization, save the medical expenses, and promote the survival rate of infants with congenital heart disease.
目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（Obstructive Sleep ApneaHypopnea Syndrome，OSAHS）的危险因素。方法:192例就诊于睡眠实验室的患者进行标准化问卷填调查，测量颈围、腰围、臀围、身高和体重及整夜多导睡眠监测，分析性别、年龄和肥胖因素与OSAHS严重程度的关系。结果:OSAHS患者在症状、病情及人体测量学指标方面存在性别差异；发病年龄主要分布在31~60岁；OSAHS患者的体重指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）、颈围、腰臀比与AHI、氧减指数、最低血氧饱和度相关。结论:OSAHS的发生及严重程度与性别、年龄和肥胖等危险因素密切相关。
目的:探讨双水平气道正压无创通气（BiPAP）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，COPD）合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的治疗价值。方法：66例COPD合并Ⅱ型呼衰患者分成通气组和对照组，对照组给予常规抗感染、祛痰、平喘、肾上腺皮质激素、呼吸兴奋剂、低浓度持续吸氧等治疗，通气组除了常规治疗外，加无创机械通气（BiPAP）治疗，采用通气口鼻面罩，设定参数S/T模式，呼吸频率12~18次/min，氧流量3~5 L/min，吸气压（IPAP）10~18 cmH2O，呼气压（EPAP）3~6 cm H2O，最初3日持续使用呼吸机，病情好转后6~20 h/d，通气天数为5~12天，观察治疗前后动脉血气分析指标变化。结果：通气组治疗后血气分析中pH值、SaO2、PaO2、PaCO2较治疗前均明显改善（Plt;0.01），其改善幅度明显优于对照组，临床症状亦明显改善。结论：双水平气道正压无创通气治疗COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭疗效显著。