Objectives To train postgraduate medical students the ability of effectively using network resources and independently studying, and to explore new model of clinical liver cancer teaching. Methods The teaching model of problembased learning (PBL) to clinical liver cancer teaching was applied. Results The teaching model of PBL changed graduate student the status of passive acceptance to active participation. The teaching process was full of livingness, and the teaching quality was improved.Conclusion The teaching model of PBL can break through the limitations of passive acceptance of book knowledge in traditional teaching model and improve the ability to handle the comprehensive clinical knowledge of liver cancer, which provides a new model to the teaching of liver cancer to graduate medical students in clinic.
目的探讨Billroth-Ⅱ胃大部切除术后输入袢梗阻的诊断和手术方式。 方法本组共17例输入袢梗阻患者，对17例患者的手术史、临床表现及影像学资料进行总结分析。 结果典型的输入袢梗阻表现为上腹胀痛、上腹部触及张力较高且有压痛的囊性包块，腹部CT检查见腹主动脉与肠系膜上动脉之间横向走行的扩张肠管。17例患者均再次行剖腹探查术，术中见输入袢扩张，5例行Braun吻合术，12例行Roux-en-Y吻合术。术后无严重合并症，无围手术期死亡，患者均恢复顺利，梗阻症状消失。术后随访1～4年（平均2.5年），经X线胃肠钡餐检查见吻合口钡剂通过顺利，无狭窄；胃镜检查未见胆汁反流。 结论严格遵守正确的手术操作常规是预防输入袢梗阻的关键；经腹部CT诊断明确后，应尽早再手术；Braun吻合术及Roux-en-Y吻合术为胃大部切除术后输入袢梗阻较理想的术式。
Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3 in xenograft that was treated with targeted therapy with magnetic nanoparticles in nude mice. Methods QBC939 cell lines were injected into nude mice subcutaneously to establish the model of human cholangiocarcinoma xenograft. After two weeks of tumor inoculation, the animal models were divided randomly into 4 groups: group A received placebo (sodium chloride), group B were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg/kg), group C were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (150 mg /kg) combined with inner-stent, group D with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg /kg) combined with inner-stent (the inner-stent was used to generate the magnetic targeting effect). The 21th day after treatment, expression of caspase-3 in tumor cells of each groups were measured with histochemical method and RT-PCR. Results The quantity of caspase-3 in tumor cells that were treated with magnetic nanoparticles (250 mg/kg) combined with inner-stent was the most (P＜0.05), and the quantity of caspase-3 in cells of group C was significantly more than that of the other two groups (P＜0.05). While the quantity of caspase-3 in group B was more than that of the control group(P＜0.05). Conclusion The use of magnetic nanoparticles combined with inner-stent may increase the expression of caspase-3, and the expression is dose-dependent with magnetic nanoparticles.
ObjectiveTo provide experimental data and theoretical support for further studying the maturity of cardiac patches in other in vitro experiments and the safety in other in vivo animal experiments, through standard chemically defined and small molecule-based induction protocol (CDM3) for promoting the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into myocardium, and preliminarily preparing cardiac patches. MethodsAfter resuscitation, culture and identification of hiPSCs, they were inoculated on the matrigel-coated polycaprolactone (PCL). After 24 hours, the cell growth was observed by DAPI fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope, and the stemness of hiPSCs was identified by OCT4 fluorescence. After fixation, electron microscope scanning was performed to observe the cell morphology on the surface of the patch. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of culture, the cell viability was determined by CCK-8 method, and the growth curve was drawn to observe the cell growth and proliferation. After co-cultured with matrigel-coated PCL for 24 hours, hiPSCs were divided into a control group and a CDM3 group, and continued to culture for 6 days. On the 8th day, the cell growth was observed by DAPI fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope, and hiPSCs stemness was identified by OCT4 fluorescence, and cTnT and α-actin for cardiomyocyte marker identification. ResultsImmunofluorescence of hiPSCs co-cultured with matrigel-coated PCL for 24 hours showed that OCT4 emitted green fluorescence, and hiPSCs remained stemness on matrigel-coated PCL scaffolds. DAPI emitted blue fluorescence: cells grew clonally with uniform cell morphology. Scanning electron microscope showed that hiPSCs adhered and grew on matrigel-coated PCL, the cell outline was clearly visible, and the morphology was normal. The cell viability assay by CCK-8 method showed that hiPSCs proliferated and grew on PCL scaffolds coated with matrigel. After 6 days of culture in the control group and the CDM3 group, immunofluorescence showed that the hiPSCs in the control group highly expressed the stem cell stemness marker OCT4, but did not express the cardiac markers cTnT and α-actin. The CDM3 group obviously expressed the cardiac markers cTnT and α-actin, but did not express the stem cell stemness marker OCT4. ConclusionhiPSCs can proliferate and grow on matrigel-coated PCL. Under the influence of CDM3, hiPSCs can be differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells, and the preliminary preparation of cardiac patch can provide a better treatment method for further clinical treatment of cardiac infarction.