RNA can be labeled by more than 170 chemical modifications after transcription, and these chemical modifications are collectively referred to as RNA modifications. It opened a new chapter of epigenetic research and became a major research hotspot in recent years. RNA modification regulates the expression of genes from the transcriptome level by regulating the fate of RNA, thus participating in many biological processes and disease occurrence and development. With the deepening of research, the diversity and complexity of RNA modification, as well as its physiological significance and potential as a therapeutic target, can not be ignored.