ObjectiveTo observe the status of thrombocytopenia in adult patients after cardiac surgery, and to explore its mechanism and clinical significance.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 240 patients after cardiac surgery in the 2nd ward of surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of Fuwai Hospital from May to June 2020 was conducted, including 137 males and 103 females with a mean age of 56.0±12.0 years. According to postoperative platelet status, the patients were divided into a thrombocytopenia group and a non-thrombocytopenia group. The clinical baseline data, preoperative platelet count, postoperative minimum platelet count, volume of drainage, transfusion of blood products, mechanical ventilator time, ICU stay, hospital stay and complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean preoperative platelet count was 199×109/L±55×109/L and the mean postoperative platelet nadir was 109×109/L±37×109/L, with a mean reduction rate of 44.1%±15.8%. The platelet count of 235 (97.9%) patients after operation was lower than that before operation. Among them, 98 (40.8%) patients had platelet count<100×109/L, 46 (19.2%)<75×109/L and 8 (3.3%)<50×109/L. Results of multivariable logistic analysis showed that cardiopulmonary bypass time>120 min (OR=2.576, 95%CI 1.313-5.053, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for postoperative thrombocytopenia. Mechanical ventilator time (25.5±16.8 h vs. 17.3±8.5 h, P<0.05), ICU stay (85.2±54.7 h vs. 60.0±33.9 h, P<0.05) and hospital stay (15.8±6.2 d vs. 14.2±3.9 d, P<0.05) were longer in the thrombocytopenia group (<100×109/L) compared with the non-thrombocytopenia group (>100×109/L). More drainage volume [685 (510, 930) mL vs. 560 (440, 790) mL, P<0.05] and complications occurred in the thrombocytopenia group. In multivariable analysis, thrombocytopenia was significantly inversely associated with prolonged ICU stay (OR=2.993, 95%CI 1.622-5.524, P<0.05).ConclusionThrombocytopenia occurs commonly after adult cardiac surgery, and the incidence in different types of surgery varies. Postoperative thrombocytopenia is related to the prolonged recovery. Extracorporeal circulation may be a contributing factor to thrombocytopenia, and further studies investigating mechanism and strategies to reduce postoperative thrombocytopenia are needed.
Objective To investigate the correlation between D-dimer level within 2 hours on admission and early in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing arch replacement and the frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation. Methods The patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing arch replacement and the FET implantation, who hospitalized in our hospital from September 2017 to December 2022, were included in this retrospective study. Grouping based on the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) after total arch replacement and FET implantation, with no in-hospital MAEs as a control group and in-hospital MAEs as an observation group. The perioperative data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for MAEs (in-hospital mortality, gastrointestinal bleeding, paraplegia, acute kidney failure, reopening the chest, low cardiac output syndrome, cerebrovascular accident, respiratory insufficiency, multiple organ dysfunctionsyndrome, gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe infection). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the prediction area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results Finally 218 patients were collected, including 157 males and 61 females with an average age of 51.54±9.79 years. There were 152 patients in the control group and 66 patients in the observation group. In-hospital mortality was 2.8% (6/218). The level of D-dimer, lactic acid, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time, ventilator-assisted time and ICU stay in the observation group were higher or longer than those in the control group (P=0.013). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that D-dimer (OR=1.077, 95%CI 1.020-1.137, P＜0.05) was an independent risk factor for MAEs in hospital. The level of D-dimer within 2 hours admission predicted that the AUC of MAEs in hospital was 0.83 (95%CI 0.736-0.870, P＜0.05), and the optimal critical point was 2.2 μg/mL, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.8% and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion Increased D-dimer levels at admission are associated with early in-hospital MAEs in the patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing arch replacement and FET. These results may help clinicians optimize the risk evaluation and perioperative clinical management to reduce early adverse events.
ObjectiveTo explore the postoperative characteristics and management experience of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing cardiac and vascular surgery. MethodsFrom December 7, 2022 to January 5, 2023, the patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University and underwent cardiac and vascular surgery were selected. The clinical history, surgical information, postoperative recovery process and treatment plan were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThere were 18 patients in this group, including 11 (61.1%) males and 7 (38.9%) females, with an average age of 58.1±10.9 years. There were 7 patients of hypertension, 5 patients of diabetes, 3 patients of respiratory diseases, and 2 patient of chronic renal insufficiency. There were 5 (27.8%) patients receiving emergency operations and 13 (72.2%) elective operations. All the 18 patients underwent cardiac and vascular surgery in the period of COVID-19, and the time between the last positive nucleic acid test and the surgery was 1.50 (1.00, 6.25) days. There were 8 patients of pulmonary imaging changes, including 3 patients with chest patch shadow, 3 patients with thickened and disordered lung markings, and 2 patients with exudative changes before operation. Antiviral therapy was not adopted in all patients before operation. Three patients were complicated with viral pneumonia after operation, including 2 patients with high risk factors before operation, who developed into severe pneumonia after operation, and underwent tracheotomy. One patient with thrombus recovered after anticoagulation treatment. Another patient of mild pneumonia recovered after antiviral treatment. The other 15 patients recovered well without major complications. There was no operation-related death in the whole group. One patient died after surgery, with a mortality rate of 5.6%. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of cardiac and vascular surgery, and patients with high-risk factors may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia. Patients with preoperative lung imaging changes or other basic visceral diseases should consider delaying the operation. Early antiviral combined with immunomodulation treatment for emergency surgery patients may help improve the prognosis.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been proven to reduce surgical injuries, promote recovery, and improve postoperative outcomes in different types of surgeries. A core principle of ERAS is to provide programmatic evidence-based perioperative interventions. An international multidisciplinary expert group provided a statement on clinical practice in each thematic area of ERAS by obtaining a list of potential ERAS elements, and reviewing literature. The "Version 2024 of the ERAS Joint Consensus Statement" is developed from the "Version 2019 of the ERAS Recommendations". The consensus statement group was composed of multidisciplinary experts such as cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, intensive care physicians, and nurses, based on ERAS's personal professional knowledge and experience. This article interprets the changes and new statements in the 2024 consensus, which can provide a foundation for the best perioperative practices for adult cardiac surgery patients.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) after re-PVR surgery.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases, CNKI, CBM disc and VIP datebases were searched, and study eligibility and data abstraction were determined independently and in duplicate. Literature searches from database establishment to December 2018. The heterogeneity and data were analyzed by the software of Stata 11.0.ResultsOf 4 831 studies identified, 26 studies met eligibility criteria, and invovled with a total of 3 613 patients. The combined 30-day mortality for PVR was 2.2% (95% CI 1.5%-3.1%) and follow-up mortality was 3.4% (95% CI 2.4%-4.9%), re-PVR rate was 6.8% (95% CI 5.1%-9.2%), and the rate of intervention was 11.4% (95% CI 8.0%-16.4%). Subgroup analysis showed that the patient's age range may be a heterogeneous source of mortality during the follow-up period, and there was no statistical heterogeneity for adult patients (P=0.63, I2=0%), with a lower incidence than those including adolescents patients. The type of valve was likely to be a source of retrospective PVR. There was no statistical heterogeneity in bioprosthetic valves and allograft lobes (P=0.24, I2=25%). And the incidence of re-PVR was lower than that of the mechanical valve patients. Heart function classification (NYHA) of patients with TOF after PVR was statistically improved (P<0.05). Electrocardiogram QRS change was not statistically differently (P>0.05). Postoperative MRI findings showed a decrease in RVEDV, an increase in RVEF, a decrease in RV/LV ratio, and a decrease in pulmonary valve (all P<0.05). Funnel map monitoring, Begg test and Egger's test both indicated that there was no publication bias.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the analysis, PVR after TOF surgery is a more mature surgery, the clinical effect was significant, with lower early and long-term mortality. The long-term mortality rate of adolescent patients undergoing PVR is higher than that of adult patients. Long-term outocme of re-PVR or re-intervention is still the main problem affecting the effect of the operation. Indications for surgery and choice of valve need further investigation.
ObjectiveTo explore the association between preoperative, perioperative parameters, especially estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after modified extended Morrow procedure.MethodsA total of 300 hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients who underwent modified extended Morrow procedure in our hospital from January 2012 to March 2018 were collected. There were 197 (65.67%) males and 103 (34.33%) females with an average age of 43.54±13.81 years. Heart rhythm was continuously monitored during hospitalization. The patients were divided into a POAF group (n=68) and a non-POAF group (n=232). The general data, perioperative parameters and echocardiographic results were collected by consulting medical records for statistical analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for POAF.ResultsOverall incidence of POAF during hospitalization was 22.67% (68/300). Compared with patients without POAF, patients with POAF were older, had higher incidence of chest pain and syncope, lower level of preoperative eGFR, higher body mass index and heart function classification (NYHA), larger preoperative left atrial diameter and left ventricular end diastolic diameter, and longer ventilator-assisted time, ICU stay and postoperative hospital stay. Age, heart function classification (NYHA)≥Ⅲ, hypertension, syncope history and eGFR were independent risk factors for POAF. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of eGFR was 0.731 (95%CI 0.677-0.780, P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.4% and 57.8%, respectively.ConclusionIncreased age, high preoperative heart function classification (NYHA), hypertension, preoperative syncope history and decreased eGFR are independent risk factors for POAF in HOCM patients who underwent surgical septal myectomy. Preoperative decreased eGFR can moderately predict the occurrence of POAF after modified extended Morrow procedure.