Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with reduced strength, mass and function of skeletal muscles. Aging of gastric cancer patients, lack of nutritional intake, and pathological mechanisms of gastric cancer increase the likelihood of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is associated with the development of gastric cancer and may be a risk factor for the formation of gastric cancer. Sarcopenia is closely related to the prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer. At present, the treatment of sarcopenia is still in the exploratory stage, and more research is needed to obtain better treatment plans and improve the quality of life of patients. This article reviews the research status of sarcopenia and gastric cancer in order to provide evidence for clinical research.
Objective To systematically review the relationship between preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods Studies on the relationship between preoperative PLR and prognosis of PDAC patients were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, SinoMed, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, with a search period from databases establishment to December 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 7 studies were included, including 1273 patients. The meta-analysis results showed that the postoperative overall survival [hazard ratio (HR)=1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.24, 2.30)] and disease-free survival [HR=1.83, 95%CI (1.49, 2.24)] of PDAC patients with high preoperative PLR were shortened (P<0.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that when the cut off of PLR was<200, preoperative high PLR was associated with shortened overall survival (HR=1.91, P<0.05), but when the cut off of PLR was ≥200, there was no significant correlation between preoperative PLR and overall survival (P>0.05). When followed up for<3 years, preoperative high PLR was associated with shortened overall survival (HR=2.05, P<0.05), but when followed up for ≥3 years, there was no significant correlation between preoperative PLR and overall survival (P>0.05). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that preoperative high PLR may be a risk factor for poor prognosis in PDAC patients.
ObjectiveTo evaluate safety and effectiveness of stent placement and emergency surgery in treatment of proximal colon cancer obstruction.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, etc. were searched comprehensively. The literatures of Chinese and English randomized controlled trial and retrospective comparative study of stent placement and emergency surgery for the proximal colon cancer obstruction were retrieved. The RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 softwares were used. The meta-analysis was made on the safety and effectiveness of these two treatments.ResultsA total of 9 literatures involving 636 patients were included, all of them were the retrospective studies, 4 of them only reported the clinical success rate and technical success rate. The technical success rate of stent placement was 0.94 [95% CI (0.91, 0.96)]. The clinical success rate was 0.90 [95% CI (0.87, 0.93)]. Compared with the emergency surgery group, the total complication rate and the temporary stoma rate were lower [OR=0.32, 95% CI (0.11, 0.94), P=0.04; OR=0.18, 95% CI (0.05, 0.65), P=0.009] and the hospital stay was shorter [MD=–2.97, 95% CI (–4.52, –1.41), P=0.000 2] in the stent placement group. The perioperative mortality rate, laparoscopic surgery rate, 5-year disease-free survival rate, and 5-year overall survival rate had no significant differences between these two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with emergency surgery, endoscopic stent placement for treatment of proximal colon cancer obstruction has a lower incidence of complications, temporary colostomy rate, shorter hospital stay, and it has no significant differences in mortality, laparoscopic surgery rate, and survival rate.
ObjectiveTo summarize value of preoperative inflammatory markers in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.MethodThe literatures on the preoperative inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer at home and abroad were searched and reviewed.ResultsThe chronic inflammation might promote the occurrence and development of tumor, the tumor related inflammatory markers could be used for the auxiliary diagnosis and assessment of prognosis, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, tumor-associated neutrophils, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Glasgow prognostic score, and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio were obviously correlated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. What’s more, the D-dimer and fibrinogen to albumin or prealbumin ratio were valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.ConclusionsMore and more inflammatory factors are applied in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tumors. However, in general, specificity and sensitivity of a single indicator for tumor diagnosis are poor. In future, while studying new inflammatory indicators, diagnosis can be conducted in combination with various indicators, which is expected to improve specificity and sensitivity. Similarly, prognostic efficacy of a single indicator is low, so it can be combined with various indicators to improve prognostic efficacy of patients with colorectal cancer, and Nomogram model can be established to achieve individualized prediction and guide clinical work.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the relationship between Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect cohort studies on the relationship between GPS and prognosis of GC patients from inception to April, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 16.0 software. ResultsA total of 9 cohort studies involving 2 395 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that GPS was significantly associated with poor overall survival of GC patients (HR=2.01, 95%CI 1.55 to 2.61, P<0.000 01). It also was associated with deeper depth of tumor, positive lymph node metastasis, more advanced TNM stages, positive distant metastasis and older age. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that GPS is associated with survival prognosis and clinical pathological features of GC patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a multi-potential tumor based on mesenchymal cells distributed around capillaries. The main affected population is female, and the clinical manifestations are not specific. It can affect all parts of the body. There are more PEComa in the uterus and very few PEComa in the liver. Due to its low incidence, clinicians lack awareness of it. Based on the relevant literature, this article reviews the clinicopathological features, imaging features, molecular phenotypes, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of liver PEComa, so as to strengthen the understanding of the disease, prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, and guide clinical work.