Objective To explore the correlation between overweight, obesity and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2012), CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data were searched from inception to May, 2012 to collect the cohort studies on the correlation between overweight, obesity and incidence of T2DM. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two researchers independently, the quality was evaluated, the data were extracted, and then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 and Stata 11.0 software. Results A total of 8 studies involving 101 864 participants were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the normal weight population, the onset risk of T2DM was obviously higher in the overweight (RR=2.59, 95%CI 2.11 to 3.19, Plt;0.000 01), and obese (RR=6.28, 95%CI 4.99 to 7.91, Plt;0.000 01) populations. In the subgroup analysis, the onset risk of T2DM was higher in the western obese population (RR=6.91, 95%CI 5.59 to 8.56) than the eastern obese population (RR=4.19, 95%CI 2.93 to 5.99). Based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the quality of the included studies on T2DM developed by overweight and obesity was low and medium respectively. Conclusion Overweight and obesity can increase the onset risk of T2DM which is higher in the female and western obese populations than the male and eastern obese populations respectively.
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its influence factors in Zhuhai inhabitants. Methods Applying multi-stage cluster random sampling in the three administrative areas of Zhuhai including Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan, A questionnaire-based survey was performed in conjunction of the measurement of height and weight among 961 inhabitants aged 15-69 years. In addition, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influence factors of overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence and standardized rates of overweight and obesity in the study population were 18.1%, 17.6%, 6.6%, 6.5%, respectively. The standardized rates of overweight and obesity in male and female were 18.4%, 5.8%, 16.5%, 7.2%, respectively. Age, drinking, smoking and regional difference were identified as the 4 risk factors of overweight and obesity, their OR values being 1.028, 1.683, 0.677, 1.404, Plt;0.05, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Zhuhai’s inhabitants was over the average level of Chinese residents, and overweight and obesity has become a major risk factor influencing the health of Zhuhai’s inhabitants. In view of the influence factors of overweight and obesity, timely and effective prevention and control measures should be taken.
ObjectiveTo determine the influence of high BMI on postoperative complications in a cohort of squamous esophageal cancer patients. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 450 consecutive esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy in our hospital from September 2010 through November 2012 year. The patients were divided into three groups. Forty-five patients were classified as a low BMI group (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 304 patients were classified as a normal BMI group (18.5≤BMI < 25.0 kg/m2), and 101 patients as a high BMI group (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2). Patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups. ResultsThe comorbidity of diabetes was higher in the high BMI group compared with the other two groups (P=0.025). Longer operative time, wound infection or delayed healing were more frequent in the high BMI group (P=0.010 and P=0.039, respectively). Pneumonia and length of hospital stay had a tendency to increase in the high BMI group (P=0.052 and P=0.081, respectively). However, the differences did not reach statistical significance. There was no statistical difference in pulmonary embolism, respiratory failure, anastomotic leakage, vocal code paresis, chylothorax, other organ damage, reoperation, arrhythmia, or in-hospital mortality among the three groups. ConclusionsHigh BMI has a negative impact on postoperative morbidity after esophagectomy. However, overweight is not a postoperative complications which should always be paid attention to.
Orlistat, which has a new mechanism of action, is currently the only approved weight-loss drug in China. In addition to controlling body weight, orlistat can significantly improve blood glucose, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, adiponectin, insulin concentration and other obesity-related biochemical indicators in patients with overweight/obese. Recently, orlistat was approved for weight management in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Although there are clinical trials supporting the good weight loss efficacy of orlistat, its long-term safety and effectiveness in obesity-related diseases still need to be further determined. This article provides a brief review of the new progress in the clinical efficacy and safety of orlistat, aiming to provide a reference for the more rational drug application.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients who were overweight or obese. Methods From inception to August 2021, the electronic databases PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of VLCKD in patients with overweight or obesity. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 5 RCTs involving 245 patients were included. Among patients with baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, VLCKD could significantly reduce the BMI (MD=−0.24, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.08, P<0.05), weight (MD=−7.00, 95%CI −10.48 to −3.53, P<0.05) and waist circumference (MD=−7.40, 95%CI −12.68 to −2.12, P<0.05) . The subgroup analysis results showed that compared with the control diet, VLCKD could significantly reduce the glucose (MD=−9.60, 95%CI −17.52 to −1.69, P<0.05), glycated hemoglobin (MD=−0.24, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.08, P<0.05), insulin resistance index (MD=−0.90, 95%CI −1.08 to −0.73, P<0.05) and triglycerides (MD=−41.42, 95%CI −53.78, −29.06, P<0.05) in patients with type 2 diabetes and with obesity or overweight. In patients with obesity or overweight, VLCKD could increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD=8.60, 95%CI 0.17 to 17.03, P<0.05) when the intervention lasted longer than 12 months. In patients with obesity or overweight, VLCKD had no effect on insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, or uric acid. Patients with VLCKD had a higher rate of adverse events than those in the control groups; however, there was no significant difference in the rate when the intervention lasted longer than 4 months. Conclusion The current evidence shows that VLCKD can reduce BMI, weight, and waist circumference and reduce fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance index, and triglycerides among patients with type 2 diabetes and with obesity or overweight. However, VLCKD has no effect on insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, urea, creatinine, or uric acid. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on weight loss and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. MethodsThe computer conducted searches in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to HIIT and weight loss, fat reduction, and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to March 31, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. After evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsA total of 19 RCTs, involving 595 overweight/obese participants, were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared wtih the control group, HIIT interventions effectively reduced body weight (MD=−2.63, 95%CI −4.04 to −1.23, P<0.05), BMI (MD=−1.21, 95%CI −1.95 to −0.48, P<0.05), Fat% (MD=−1.66, 95%CI −2.28 to −1.04, P<0.05), TG (MD=−0.13, 95%CI −0.25 to −0.01, P=0.04), HDL (MD=0.14, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.23, P<0.05), and LDL (MD=−0.26, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.13, P<0.05) levels but did not improve TC (MD=−0.15, 95%CI −0.36 to 0.06, P=0.15) levels. ConclusionHIIT intervention can effectively improve body weight, BMI, Fat%, TG, HDL, and LDL levels in overweight/obese populations, particularly showing a more pronounced improvement in lipid profiles among overweight/obese adolescents, but it does not reduce TC levels. This study demonstrates that HIIT may be an effective strategy to assist in weight loss and prevent cardiovascular diseases in overweight/obese populations, with potential for broader application.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy of different exercises on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity from January, 2000 to April, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The network meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 63 RCTs were included, 49 of which reported the changes in IL-6, 47 of which reported the changes in TNF-α, and 16 of which reported the changes in IL-10. The results of the network meta-analysis found that compared with those in the control group, aerobic exercise (AE) (SMD=−0.9, 95%CI −1.4 to −0.5, P<0.01) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −2.3 to −0.3, P=0.011) significantly reduced IL-6. AE (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −1.7 to −0.9, P<0.01), combined exercise (COM) (SMD=−0.7, 95%CI −1.3 to −0.1, P=0.02), and HIIT (SMD=−1.8, 95%CI −2.6 to −0.9, P<0.01) significantly reduced TNF-α; AE (SMD=0.8, 95%CI 0.1 to 1.5, P=0.03) significantly increased IL-10. The cumulative probability ranking results showed that HIIT was the most effective in reducing IL-6 and TNF-α and increasing IL-10, followed by AE and COM, and resistance training (RT) was the least effective. Conclusion Different exercise types have different effects on improving inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. HIIT can be suggested as the best exercise program to improve chronic inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.