ObjectiveTo compare the dosimetric differences among the double-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), 7 field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) techniques in treatment planning for cervical cancer as adjuvant radiotherapy. MethodFifteen patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy for cervical cancer between March 1st and September 30th, 2013 were chosen to be our study subjects through random sampling. Under Pinnacle 9.2 planning system, the same CT image was designed through three different techniques:VMAT, IMRT and 3D-CRT. We then compared target zone fitness index, evenness index, D98%, D2%, D50% among those different techniques. Monitor unit (MU) and treatment time were also analyzed. ResultsThree techniques showed similar target dose coverage. The IMRT and VMAT plans achieved better target dose conformity, which reduced the V20 of the pelvic, the V50 of the rectum and bladder, as well as the V40/50 of the small intestine (P<0.05). The VMAT technique showed few dosimetric advantages over the IMRT technique. VMAT technique had the advantages of less MU (P>0.05) and shorter overall treatment time (P<0.01) compared with IMRT technique. ConclusionsThe IMRT and VMAT plans achieve similar dose distribution to the target, and are superior to the 3D-CRT plans, in adjuvant radiotherapy for cervical cancer. VMAT technique has the advantages of less MU and shorter overall treatment time.
Since smart phones have been developed, significant advances in the function of mobile phone due to the development of software, hardware and accessories have been reached. Till now, smart phones have been engaged in daily life with an increasing impact. As a new medical model, mobile phone medicine is emerging and has found widespread applications in medicine, especially in diagnosing, monitoring and screening various diseases. In addition, mobile phone medical application shows great potential trend to improve healthcare in resource-limited regions due to its advantageous features of portability and information communication capability. Nowadays, the scientific and technological issues related to mobile phone medicine have attracted worldwide attention. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art advances of mobile phone medicine with focus on its diagnostics applications in order to expand the fields of their applications and promote healthcare informatization.
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a membrane protein which is attached to the cellular external membrane. The uPAR expression can be observed both in tumor cells and in tumor-associated stromal cells. Thus, in the present study, the human amino-terminal fragment (hATF), as a targeting element to uPAR, is used to conjugate to the surface of superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle (SPIO). Flowcytometry was used to examine the uPAR expression in different tumor cell lines. The specificity of hATF-SPIO was verified by Prussian blue stain and cell phantom test. The imaging properties of hATF-SPIO were confirmed in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of uPAR-elevated colon tumor. Finally, the distribution of hATF-SPIO in tumor tissue was confirmed by pathological staining. Results showed that the three cells in which we screened, presented different expression characteristics, i.e., Hela cells strongly expressed uPAR, HT29 cells moderately expressed uPAR, but Lovo cells didn't express uPAR. In vitro, after incubating with Hela cells, hATF-SPIO could specifically combined to and be subsequently internalized by uPAR positive cells, which could be observed via Prussian blue staining. Meanwhile T2WI signal intensity of Hela cells, after incubation with targeted probe, significantly decreased, and otherwise no obvious changes in Lovo cells both by Prussian blue staining and MRI scans. In vivo, hATF-SPIO could be systematically delivered to HT29 xenograft and accumulated in the tumor tissue which was confirmed by Prussian Blue stain compared to Lovo xenografts. Twenty-four hours after injection of targeting probe, the signal intensity of HT29 xenografts was lower than Lovo ones which was statistically significant. This targeting nanoparticles enabled not only in vitro specifically combining to uPAR positive cells but also in vivo imaging of uPAR moderately elevated colon cancer lesions.
ObjectiveTo summarize experiences of surgical treatment of complex giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver. MethodThe clinical data of 55 patients with complex hepatic cavernous hemangioma with tumor diameter more than 10 cm and in close proximity to hepatic hilar region or vena cava inferior underwent surgical treatment from January 2009 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsAmong these 55 patients with complex giant cavernous hemangioma,13 cases (23.6%) were male,42 cases (76.4%) were female.The median age was 49.2 years (range from 23 to 68 years).Hepatic hemangioma with multiple lesions was most common (71.0%,39/55).The tumor happened mostly in the right hepatic lobe (47.3%,26/55).The median size of complex giant cavernous hemangioma was 16.2 cm (10.2-50.0 cm).The liver functions of all the patients were normal (Child-Pugh A).Different methods of hepatic inflow occlusion and surgical procedures were performed according to the tumor location and size.Of the patients,17 cases were underwent Pringle maneuver,12 cases were underwent modified Pringle maneuver and 1 case was underwent hemihepatic vascular occlusion;28 cases were treated by extracapsular enucleation,27 cases by liver resection.The average operative time was 202 min (85-420 min).The average intraoperative blood loss was 855.5 mL (50-3 000 mL).Twenty-six cases (47.3%) had no blood transfusion,and 10 cases (18.2%) had autologous blood transfusion.The associated complications occurred in 7 patients after surgery,and no surgical death occurred.The median postoperative hospital stay was 14.8 d. ConclusionsThe essential points in operation for the complex giant cavernous hemangioma are the control and management of the operative massive bleeding,and the preservation of the normal hepatic parenchyma as much as possible.The surgical treatment is safe and feasible under the proper hepatic inflow occlusion and resection methods.The prevention and management of bile leakage is also important.