目的:了解我院药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点。方法:对我院2006年1月至2009年8月收集到的67例ADR报告进行回顾性统计分析。结果:我院报告ADR例数最多的部门为新生儿,有51例(7612%);0~28 d年龄段患儿ADR发生率较高(5223%),且男性高于女性;静脉给药方式是导致ADR的主要因素(9701%);ADR发生率最高的为抗感染药(8056%),其中绝大多数是由头孢菌素类和青霉素类引发;临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害最为常见(8841%)。结论:儿童用药更应该加强ADR的监测,提高ADR报告的质量,合理、规范使用药物,尤其是抗菌药物,以减少或避免ADR的发生。
【摘要】 目的 探讨小儿外科围手术期抗菌药物应用情况，为儿外科临床合理、规范使用抗菌药物提供参考。 方法 随机抽取儿外科2008年1月-2009年10月出院手术病历763份，对抗菌药物的应用情况进行分析。 结果 763份病历显示，患儿均使用了抗菌药物，应用率高达100%。抗菌药物品种应用最多的是青霉素类518例（48.05%），其次为头孢菌素类336例（31.17%），其他抗菌药物（林可霉素类、硝基咪唑类、大环内酯类等）224例（20.78%）。一联用药574例（75.00%），二联用药147例（19.00%），三联及以上用药42例（6.00%）。其中， 99例（12.98%）做过病原学检测，39例有药敏试验依据（5.11%），以G+中的葡萄球菌为主。 结论 小儿外科围手术期抗菌药物目前应用存在一定的不合理，临床应当严格按照《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》合理、规范使用抗菌药物。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the perioperative use of antibiotics in children’s surgery of our hospital to guide it’s reasonable and normal use. Methods A total of 763 patients who discharged from our hospital between January 2008 and October 2009 were sampled randomly for statistical analysis regarding the utilization. Results Of the 763 cases reviewed, all cases (100%) received antibiotics. In terms of the application of antibiotics, penicillins were predominantly used in 518 patients (48.05%), followed by cephalosporins in 336 patients (31.17%) and other antibiotics such as lincomycins nitroimidazoles and macrolides in 224 patients (20.78%). 574 patients (75.00%) received one antibiotic, 147 (19.00%) received two antibiotics and 42(6.00%) received at least three antibiotics concomitantly. Only 99 patients (12.98%) received etiological test and 39 patients (5.11%) received susceptibility test during antibiotic ues, most of them are G+ staphylococcus infected. Conclusion The perioperative use of antibiotics in our hospital is somewhat unreasonable, thus monitoring closely on which should be performed to promote their reasonable and normal use.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in the expression and significance of serum exosomal miRNAs in patients with DeBakey typeⅠacute aortic dissection (AAD). MethodsTwelve male patients with AAD and six healthy male medical examiners from our hospital were retrospectively included in this study. According to the time of chest pain, the AAD patients were divided into an AAD group within 24 h of chest pain onset, aged 47.00±8.79 years and an AAD group within 48 h of chest pain onset, aged 50.17±9.99 years. The healthy males were allocated to a control group, aged 49.17±4.26 years. Serum exosomal miRNAs were isolated, identified and quantified, and then differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were screened. The bioinformatic analyses such as GO and KEGG were performed on the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs. ResultsHigh-throughput screening results revealed differential expression of AAD serum exosomal miRNAs. The upregulated miRNAs of AAD groups was hsa-miR-574-5p (P<0.05), and downregulated miRNAs were hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, and hsa-miR-155-5p (P<0.05). Further bioinformatic analysis of the above miRNAs revealed that they were mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-β, cell cycle and endoplasmic reticulum protein synthesis. ConclusionDifferential expressions of serum exosomal miRNAs in AAD patients may be related to the pathogenesis of AAD, providing new ideas and clues for further exploration of AAD diagnostic markers and pathogenesis.
Objective To understand the latest research progress of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Method The literature on the efficacy of different treatment drugs for metastatic colorectal cancer in recent years both domestically and internationally was retrieved and reviewed. Results There had been many clinical research progress in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, new drugs had emerged, targeted drugs were particularly prominent, and more trials of therapeutic drugs and drug combination treatment regimens were also being carried out. Different treatment methods were applied to patients according to the mutation status of RAS/RAF and the expression of mismatch repair protein, the survival benefit varied greatly. Conclusion Precision medicine is becoming increasingly important, screening patients to choose appropriate treatment modality can further improve survival benefit.
Objective To study the effect of soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) on the rat islets’ yield and function during the process of isolation and purification. Methods The rats were divided into experiment group and control group according to whether STI was put into the collagenase. STI (2.0 mg/ml) was put into the collagenase digestive juice of the experiment group and none to the control group. For both of two groups, islets were isolated by situ perfusion collagenase into the rat pancreas and they were purified by un-continuous gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-400. The quantities of the obtained rat islets before and after purification were recorded, and the morphosis and function of the purified rat islets were tested, then their vivo function were observed after islets plantation. Results After digest and before purification, there was no obvious deviation of the obtained islets quantity between two groups 〔(624±38.2) IEQ vs (586±37.7) IEQ, P＞0.05〕; After purification, there were significant deviation in the islets quantity 〔(408±28.3) IEQ vs (189±27.1) IEQ, P＜0.05〕 and purity quotient 〔（93±2.4）% vs （75±2.1）%, P＜0.05〕. For two groups, there was no obvious deviation of the obtained islets in insulin stimulation and secretion experiment as well as their vivo function experiment. Conclusion The ultimate yield and purity quotient of the rat islets can be obviously improved by using collagenase digestive juice with SIT in situ perfusion on the rat pancreas, and it has no obvious effect on the islets function.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of human subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) local transplantation on orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) and provide theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of hADSCs to inhibit OIRR. MethodsForty 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 20 rats in each group, to establish the first molar mesial orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model of rat right maxillary. The rats in the experimental group were injected with 25 μL of cell suspension containing 2.5×105 hADSCs on the 1st, 4th, 8th, and 12th day of modeling, while the rats in the control group were injected with 25 μL of PBS. The rat maxillary models were obtained before and after 7 and 14 days of force application, and 10 rats in each group were killed and sampled after 7 and 14 days of force application. The OTM distance was measured by stereomicroscope, the root morphology of the pressure side was observed by scanning electron microscope and the root resorption area ratio was measured. The root resorption and periodontal tissue remodeling of the pressure side were observed by HE staining and the root resorption index was calculated. The number of cementoclast and osteoclast in the periodontal tissue on the pressure side was counted by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining. Results The TOM distance of both groups increased with the extension of the force application time, and there was no significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in OTM distance between the experimental group and the control group after 7 and 14 days of force application (P>0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation showed that small and shallow scattered resorption lacunae were observed on the root surface of the experimental group and the control group after 7 days of force application, and there was no significant difference in the root resorption area ratio between the two groups (P>0.05); after 14 days of application, the root resorption lacunae deepened and became larger in both groups, and the root resorption area ratio in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The range and depth of root absorption in the experimental group were smaller and shallower than those in the control group, and the root absorption index in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 14 days of force application (P<0.05). The number of cementoclast in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 7 and 14 days of force application (P<0.05); the number of osteoclasts in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group after 14 days of force application (P<0.05). Conclusion Local transplantation of hADSCs may reduce the area and depth of root resorption by reducing the number of cementoclasts and osteoclasts during OTM in rats, thereby inhibiting orthodontic-derived root resorption.