ObjectiveTo review the chondrocyte survival microenvironment and the research progress of the application of microfluidic chips in constructing the chondrocyte microenvironment. MethodsRecent literature about the role of microenvironment in the regulation of chondrocytes and the application of microfluidic chips in constructing the chondrocyte microenvironment was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsRegulating the microenvironment of chondrocyte mainly involves extracellular matrix microenvironment, mechanical microenvironment, electric microenvironment, and hypoxic microenvironment. Currently, the related research of chondrocyte microenvironment based on microfluidic system mainly involves biochemical stimuli, mechanical stimuli, production of biomimetic scaffold materials, and so on. ConclusionIt will be helpful for constructing cartilage tissue being closer to the physiological function in the future to deeply understand chondrocyte survival environment and to mimic the microenvironment in vivo required by chondrocyte development as possible by using microfluidic chips.