Progress in the application of oximetry in retinal diseases_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

He Ying , Gong Yingxin ,  Shao Yi

Department of Ophtalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;

Corresponding author：

Shao Yi, Email: freebee99@163.com

Keywords：

Oximetry; Retinal diseases; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20181024-00363

Video：

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The retinal blood oxygen quantification method is a fast and non-invasive new retinal vascular imaging technology, which is used to reflect the metabolism of retinal blood oxygen and the micro-circulation of whole body by measuring, analyzing and quantifying the blood oxygen saturation of the main arteries and veins of the retina. The circulation state provides a reliable basis for medical diagnosis. Retinal blood oxygen saturation can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and evaluation of ophthalmologic and brain diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease.

Citation： He Ying, Gong Yingxin, Shao Yi. Progress in the application of oximetry in retinal diseases. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(7): 556-559. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20181024-00363 Copy

1.	Hardarson SH, Harris A, Karlsson RA, et al. Automatic retinal oximetry[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2006, 47(11): 5011-5016. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0039.
2.	Zeller K. Studies on the conjunctival vessels[J]. Klin Monatsbl F Ophthal, 2020: 66.
3.	Hardarson SH, Stefansson E. Retinal oxygen saturation is altered in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2012, 96(4): 560-563. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300640.
4.	Hammer M, Vilser W, Riemer T, et al. Diabetic patients with retinopathy show increased retinal venous oxygen saturation[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(8): 1025-1030. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1078-6.
5.	Bek T, Stefansson E, Hardarson SH. Retinal oxygen saturation is an independent risk factor for the severity of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(8): 1167-1172. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312764.
6.	Jorgensen CM, Hardarson SH, Bek T. The oxygen saturation in retinal vessels from diabetic patients depends on the severity and type of vision-threatening retinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(1): 34-39. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12283.
7.	Guduru A, Martz TG, Waters A, et al. Oxygen saturation of retinal vessels in all stages of diabetic retinopathy and correlation to ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 57(13): 5278-5284. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20190.
8.	Jorgensen CM, Bek T. Lack of differences in the regional variation of oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels in diabetic maculopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2017, 101(6): 752-757. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308894.
9.	Stefansson E, Landers MR 3rd, Wolbarsht ML. Increased retinal oxygen supply following pan-retinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy and lensectomy[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1981, 79: 307-334.
10.	Stefansson E, Machemer R, de Juan EJ, et al. Retinal oxygenation and laser treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1992, 113(1): 36-38. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75750-2.
11.	Stefansson E. Physiology of vitreous surgery[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(2): 147-163. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0980-7.
12.	Jørgensen C, Bek T. Increasing oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels after photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(8): 5365-5369. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14811.
13.	Williamson TH, Grewal J, Gupta B, et al. Measurement of PO2 during vitrectomy for central retinal vein occlusion, a pilot study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(8): 1019-1023. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1072-z.
14.	Eliasdottir TS, Bragason D, Hardarson SH, et al. Venous oxygen saturation is reduced and variable in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015, 253(10): 1653-1661. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2849-2.
15.	Hardarson SH, Stefánsson E. Oxygen saturation in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2010, 150(6): 871-875. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.06.020.
16.	Traustason S, la Cour M, Larsen M. Retinal vascular oximetry during ranibizumab treatment of central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2014, 98(9): 1208-1211. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304580.
17.	Jeppesen SK, Bek T. Retinal oxygen saturation correlates with visual acuity but does not predict outcome after anti-VEGF treatment in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(5): 2498-2502. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21532.
18.	Eysteinsson T, Hardarson SH, Bragason D, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in retinitis pigmentosa[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(5): 449-453. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12359.
19.	Todorova MG, Turksever C, Schotzau A, et al. Metabolic and functional changes in retinitis pigmentosa: comparing retinal vessel oximetry to full-field electroretinography, electrooculogram and multifocal electroretinography[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(3): 231-241. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12846.
20.	Ueda-Consolvo T, Fuchizawa C, Otsuka M, et al. Analysis of retinal vessels in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa by retinal oximeter[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2015, 93(6): 446-450. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12597.
21.	Turksever C, Valmaggia C, Orgul S, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and its correlation with structural changes in retinitis pigmentosa[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(5): 454-460. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12379.
22.	Olafsdottir OB, Hardarson SH, Gottfredsdottir MS, et al. Retinal oximetry in primary open-angle glaucoma[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(9): 6409-6413. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6985.
23.	Einarsdottir AB, Hardarson SH, Kristjansdottir JV, et al. Retinal oximetry imaging in Alzheimer's disease[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2016, 49(1): 79-83. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150457.
24.	Türksever C, Daikeler T, Konieczka K, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in giant cell arteritis patients without ocular symptoms[J]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 2014, 231(4): 442-446. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368237.
25.	先永利, 戴云, 高椿明. 视网膜血氧饱和度测量技术综述[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2017, 54(6): 51-61. DOI: 10.3788/LOP54.060005.Xian YL, Dai Y, Gao CM. Review for retinal oxygen saturation measurement technology[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2017, 54(6): 51-61. DOI: 10.3788/LOP54.060005.
26.	Hickam JB, Frayser R, Ross JC. A study of retinal venous blood oxygen saturation in human subjects by photographic means[J]. Circulation, 1963, 27: 375-385. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.27.3.375.
27.	Schweitzer D, Hammer M, Kraft J, et al. In vivo measurement of the oxygen saturation of retinal vessels in healthy volunteers[J]. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1999, 46(12): 1454-1465. DOI: 10.1109/10.804573.
28.	Hammer M, Vilser W, Riemer T, et al. Retinal vessel oximetry-calibration, compensation for vessel diameter and fundus pigmentation, and reproducibility[J/OL]. J Biomed Opt, 2008, 13(5): 054015[2008-10-01]. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2976032.DOI:10.1117/1.2976032.
29.	Ramella-Roman JC, Mathews SA, Kandimalla H, et al. Measurement of oxygen saturation in the retina with a spectroscopic sensitive multi aperture camera[J]. Opt Express, 2008, 16(9): 6170-6182. DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.006170.
30.	Smith MH, Denninghoff KR, Lompado A, et al. Effect of multiple light paths on retinal vessel oximetry[J]. Appl Opt, 2000, 39(7): 1183-1193. DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.001183.

1. Hardarson SH, Harris A, Karlsson RA, et al. Automatic retinal oximetry[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2006, 47(11): 5011-5016. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0039.
2. Zeller K. Studies on the conjunctival vessels[J]. Klin Monatsbl F Ophthal, 2020: 66.
3. Hardarson SH, Stefansson E. Retinal oxygen saturation is altered in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2012, 96(4): 560-563. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300640.
4. Hammer M, Vilser W, Riemer T, et al. Diabetic patients with retinopathy show increased retinal venous oxygen saturation[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(8): 1025-1030. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1078-6.
5. Bek T, Stefansson E, Hardarson SH. Retinal oxygen saturation is an independent risk factor for the severity of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(8): 1167-1172. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312764.
6. Jorgensen CM, Hardarson SH, Bek T. The oxygen saturation in retinal vessels from diabetic patients depends on the severity and type of vision-threatening retinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(1): 34-39. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12283.
7. Guduru A, Martz TG, Waters A, et al. Oxygen saturation of retinal vessels in all stages of diabetic retinopathy and correlation to ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2016, 57(13): 5278-5284. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20190.
8. Jorgensen CM, Bek T. Lack of differences in the regional variation of oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels in diabetic maculopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2017, 101(6): 752-757. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308894.
9. Stefansson E, Landers MR 3rd, Wolbarsht ML. Increased retinal oxygen supply following pan-retinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy and lensectomy[J]. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 1981, 79: 307-334.
10. Stefansson E, Machemer R, de Juan EJ, et al. Retinal oxygenation and laser treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1992, 113(1): 36-38. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75750-2.
11. Stefansson E. Physiology of vitreous surgery[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(2): 147-163. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0980-7.
12. Jørgensen C, Bek T. Increasing oxygen saturation in larger retinal vessels after photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2014, 55(8): 5365-5369. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14811.
13. Williamson TH, Grewal J, Gupta B, et al. Measurement of PO2 during vitrectomy for central retinal vein occlusion, a pilot study[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2009, 247(8): 1019-1023. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1072-z.
14. Eliasdottir TS, Bragason D, Hardarson SH, et al. Venous oxygen saturation is reduced and variable in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2015, 253(10): 1653-1661. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2849-2.
15. Hardarson SH, Stefánsson E. Oxygen saturation in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2010, 150(6): 871-875. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.06.020.
16. Traustason S, la Cour M, Larsen M. Retinal vascular oximetry during ranibizumab treatment of central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2014, 98(9): 1208-1211. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304580.
17. Jeppesen SK, Bek T. Retinal oxygen saturation correlates with visual acuity but does not predict outcome after anti-VEGF treatment in central retinal vein occlusion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(5): 2498-2502. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21532.
18. Eysteinsson T, Hardarson SH, Bragason D, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in retinitis pigmentosa[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(5): 449-453. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12359.
19. Todorova MG, Turksever C, Schotzau A, et al. Metabolic and functional changes in retinitis pigmentosa: comparing retinal vessel oximetry to full-field electroretinography, electrooculogram and multifocal electroretinography[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2016, 94(3): 231-241. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12846.
20. Ueda-Consolvo T, Fuchizawa C, Otsuka M, et al. Analysis of retinal vessels in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa by retinal oximeter[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2015, 93(6): 446-450. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12597.
21. Turksever C, Valmaggia C, Orgul S, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and its correlation with structural changes in retinitis pigmentosa[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(5): 454-460. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12379.
22. Olafsdottir OB, Hardarson SH, Gottfredsdottir MS, et al. Retinal oximetry in primary open-angle glaucoma[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(9): 6409-6413. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6985.
23. Einarsdottir AB, Hardarson SH, Kristjansdottir JV, et al. Retinal oximetry imaging in Alzheimer's disease[J]. J Alzheimers Dis, 2016, 49(1): 79-83. DOI: 10.3233/JAD-150457.
24. Türksever C, Daikeler T, Konieczka K, et al. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in giant cell arteritis patients without ocular symptoms[J]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd, 2014, 231(4): 442-446. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368237.
25. 先永利, 戴云, 高椿明. 视网膜血氧饱和度测量技术综述[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2017, 54(6): 51-61. DOI: 10.3788/LOP54.060005.Xian YL, Dai Y, Gao CM. Review for retinal oxygen saturation measurement technology[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2017, 54(6): 51-61. DOI: 10.3788/LOP54.060005.
26. Hickam JB, Frayser R, Ross JC. A study of retinal venous blood oxygen saturation in human subjects by photographic means[J]. Circulation, 1963, 27: 375-385. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.27.3.375.
27. Schweitzer D, Hammer M, Kraft J, et al. In vivo measurement of the oxygen saturation of retinal vessels in healthy volunteers[J]. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 1999, 46(12): 1454-1465. DOI: 10.1109/10.804573.
28. Hammer M, Vilser W, Riemer T, et al. Retinal vessel oximetry-calibration, compensation for vessel diameter and fundus pigmentation, and reproducibility[J/OL]. J Biomed Opt, 2008, 13(5): 054015[2008-10-01]. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2976032.DOI:10.1117/1.2976032" target="_blank">10.1117/1.2976032">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2976032.DOI:10.1117/1.2976032.
29. Ramella-Roman JC, Mathews SA, Kandimalla H, et al. Measurement of oxygen saturation in the retina with a spectroscopic sensitive multi aperture camera[J]. Opt Express, 2008, 16(9): 6170-6182. DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.006170.
30. Smith MH, Denninghoff KR, Lompado A, et al. Effect of multiple light paths on retinal vessel oximetry[J]. Appl Opt, 2000, 39(7): 1183-1193. DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.001183.

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