The imaging characteristics of pachychoroidopathy and the research status and progress of pathogenesis and treatment based on the imaging characteristics_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Yuan Mingzhen ,  Chen Youxin

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

Chen Youxin, Email: chenyx@pumch.cn

Keywords：

Review; Pachychoroidopathy; Imaging characteristics; Pathogenesis

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20190411-00142

Video：

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Pachychoroidopathy is a type of retinal choroidal disease with similar clinical features, which is characterized by attenuation of the choriocapillaris overlying dilated choroidal veins, and associated with progressive retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and neovascularization. At present, pachychoroidopathy includes pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, focal choroidal excavationm, and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrom. These diseases not only have common imaging features, but also individual imaging features. This not only provides us with important clues about the pathogenesis of pachychoroidopathy, but also provides guidance for their treatment decisions. Although the exact pathogenesis of pachychoroidopathy is still unclear, and the treatment method is still controversial; but it is believed that with the development of imaging technology and the development of high-quality clinical and basic research, patients with pachychoroidopathy can be provided with more reasonable treatment in the future.

Citation： Yuan Mingzhen, Chen Youxin. The imaging characteristics of pachychoroidopathy and the research status and progress of pathogenesis and treatment based on the imaging characteristics. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(9): 739-744. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20190411-00142 Copy

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5. Cheung CMG, Yanagi Y, Mohla A, et al. Characterization and differentiation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography[J]. Retina, 2017, 37(8): 1464-1474. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001391.
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7. Phasukkijwatana N, Freund KB, Dolz-Marco R, et al. Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(9): 1652-1667. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001907.
8. Mrejen S, Spaide RF. Optical coherence tomography: imaging of the choroid and beyond[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 2013, 58(5): 387-429. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.12.001.
9. Dansingani KK, Balaratnasingam C, Naysan J, et al. En face imaging of pachychoroid spectrum disorders with swept-source optical coherence tomography[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(3): 499-516. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000742.
10. Ersoz MG, Karacorlu M, Arf S, et al. Outer nuclear layer thinning in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(5): 957-961. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001655.
11. Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, Margolis R, et al. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in highly myopic eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2009, 148(3): 445-450. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.04.029.
12. Ting DS, Ng WY, Ng SR, et al. Choroidal thickness changes in age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: a 12-month prospective study[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2016, 164: 128-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.12.024.
13. Yuan MZ, Chen LL, Yang JY, et al. Comparison of OCT and OCTA manifestations among untreated PCV, neovascular AMD, and CSC in Chinese population[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2020, 13(1): 93-103. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.14.
14. Baek J, Dansingani KK, Lee JH, et al. Choroidal morphology in eys with peripapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy[J]. Retina, 2019, 39(8): 1571-1579. DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002188.
15. Yang L, Jonas JB, Wei W. Choroidal vessel diameter in central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2013, 91(5): 358-362. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12059.
16. Ferrara D, Mohler KJ, Waheed N, et al. En face enhanced-depth swept-source optical coherence tomography features of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2014, 121(3): 719-726. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.10.014.
17. Ersoz MG, Arf S, Hocaoglu M, et al. Indocyanine green angiography of pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(9): 1668-1674. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001773.
18. Lee J, Byeon SH. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of pachydrusen in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: multimodal image study[J]. Retina, 2019, 39(4): 670-678. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002019.
19. Tsujikawa A, Ojima Y, Yamashiro K, et al. Punctate hyperfluorescent spots associated with central serous chorio-retinopathy as seen on indocyanine green angiography[J]. Retina, 2010, 30(5): 801-809. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181c72068.
20. Iida T, Kishi S, Hagimura N, et al. Persistent and bilateral choroidal vascular abnormalities in central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 1999, 19(6): 508-512. DOI: 10.1097/00006982-199911000-00005.
21. Hata M, Oishi A, Shimozono M, et al. Early changes in foveal thickness in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 2013, 33(2): 296-301. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31826710a0.
22. Spaide RF. Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(4): 708-716. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001689.
23. Spaide RF. Improving the age-related macular degeneration constrcuct : a new classification system[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(5): 891-899. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001732.
24. Baek J, Lee JH, Chung BJ, et al. Choroidal morphology under pachydrusen[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 47(4): 498-504. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13438.
25. 董淑倩, 金学民. 多发性玻璃膜疣继发脉络膜新生血管[C]. 2014年中国眼底病论坛暨全国眼底病专题学术研讨会论文集, 大连, 2014.Dong SQ, Jin XM. Multiple drusen secondary to choroidal neovascularization[C]. Proceedings of 2014 China Ocular Fundus Forum & National Symposium on Ocular Fundus diseases, Dalian, 2014.
26. Spaide RF, Klancnik JM Jr. Fundus autofluorescence and central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Ophthalmology, 2005, 112(5): 825-833. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.003.
27. Iida T, Yannuzzi LA, Spaide RF, et al. Cystoid macular degeneration in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Retina, 2003, 23(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.1097/00006982-200302000-00001.
28. 王志立, 李晓华, 李士清, 等. 慢性迁延性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的两种自发荧光特征[J]. 眼科新进展, 2014, 34(2): 151-154. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0038.Wang ZL, Li XH, Li SQ, et al. Characteristics of two autofluorescence in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol, 2014, 34(2): 151-154. DOI: 10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0038.
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Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

The imaging characteristics of pachychoroidopathy and the research status and progress of pathogenesis and treatment based on the imaging characteristics

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