Research progress on the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Sun Juan ¹ ,  He Hong ²

1. Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;
2. Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China;

Corresponding author：

He Hong, Email: hehong1962@126.com

Keywords：

Diabetic retinopathy; Risk factors; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20191009-00317

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex and there are many related risk factors. It is related to the course of diabetes, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids, among which the course of disease and hyperglycemia are recognized main risk factors. In addition, other factors which include heredity, gender, age, obesity, pregnancy, insulin use, can also affect the occurrence and development of DR, but there is no unified conclusion about its correlation. A comprehensive understanding of the risk factors that affect DR can provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of DR.

Citation： Sun Juan, He Hong. Research progress on the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(12): 988-992. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20191009-00317 Copy

1.	睢瑞芳. 认识糖尿病视网膜病变易感基因研究现状与挑战, 提高糖尿病视网膜病变易感基因研究水平[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.003.Sui RF. Understanding of progress and challenges in elucidating the susceptibility genes of diabetic rctinopathy: improving research quality of susceptibility genes of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.003.
2.	Cabrera AP, Monickaraj F, Rangasamy S, et al. Do genomic factors play a role in diabetic retinopathy?[J/OL]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(1): 216[2020-01-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947513/. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010216.
3.	Han J, Lando L, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, et al. Genetics of diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Curr Diab Rep, 2019, 19(9): 67[2019-07-29]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11892-019-1186-6. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1186-6.
4.	Zhang X, Saaddine JB, Chou CF, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008[J]. JAMA, 2010, 304(6): 649-656. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1111.
5.	李中庭, 冷炫, 赵岐. 表观遗传学在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2019, 35(2): 196-199. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2019.02.018.Li ZT, Leng X, Zhao Q. The advances of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2019, 35(2): 196-199. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2019.02.018.
6.	Maric-Bilkan C. Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Sci (Lond), 2017, 131(9): 833-846. DOI: 10.1042/CS20160998.
7.	Kostev K, Rathmann W. Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in the UK: a database analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(1): 109-111. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2742-7.
8.	Looker HC, Nyangoma SO, Cromie D, et al. Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland[J]. Diabetologia, 2012, 55(9): 2335-2342. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2596-z.
9.	Hammes HP, Kerner W, Hofer S, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes-a contemporary analysis of 8784 patients[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54: 1977-1984. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2198-1.
10.	Kajiwara A, Miyagawa H, Saruwatari J, et al. Gender differences in the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinic-based retrospective longitudinal study[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2014, 103: 7-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.043.
11.	郝兆虎, 邵海琳, 黄霄, 等. 青少年吸烟史、糖尿病发病年龄与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性分析[J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2019, 35(4): 319-322. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2019.04.009.Hao ZH, Shao HL, Huang X, et al. Association of adolescent smoking history and onset age of diabetes with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2019, 35(4): 319-322. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2019.04.009.
12.	Song P, Yu J, Chan KY, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and burden of diabetic retinopathy in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. J Glob Health, 2018, 8: 010803[2018-06-08]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899983/. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.010803.
13.	Ahmed KR, Karim MN, Bhowmik B, et al. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Bangladesh: a 15-year follow-up study[J]. J Diabetes, 2012, 4(4): 386-391. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00208.x.
14.	Hao Z, Huang X, Qin Y, et al. Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study[J/OL]. BMJ Open, 2020, 10(2): e032095[2020-02-10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32047012/. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032095.
15.	Zhu W, Wu Y, Meng YF, et al. Association of obesity and risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients[J/OL]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(32): e11807[2018-08-10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30095648/. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011807.
16.	Hwang IC, Bae JH, Kim JM. Relationship between body fat and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea[J]. Eye(Lond), 2019, 33(6): 980-987. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0352-z.
17.	Song SJ. Obesity and diabetic retinopathy: new perspectives[J/OL]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2016, 134(3): 258[2015-12-07]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30095648/. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5178.
18.	World Health Organization. Physical activity[EB/OL]. [2019-09-22]. https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity.
19.	Laporte RE, Dorman JS, Tajima N, et al. Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality study: physical activity and diabetic complications[J]. Pediatrics, 1986, 78(6): 1027-1033.
20.	Kriska AM, Laporte RE, Patrick SL, et al. The association of physical activity and diabetic complications in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the epidemiology of diabetes complications study-Ⅶ[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 1991, 44(11): 1207-1214. DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90153-Z.
21.	Gong Q, Gregg EW, Wang J, et al. Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: the China Da Qing diabetes prevention outcome study[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(2): 300-307. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1948-9.
22.	Bukht MS, Ahmed KR, Hossain S, et al. Association between physical activity and diabetic complications among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2019, 13(1): 806-809. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.069.
23.	Dharmastuti DP, Agni AN, Widyaputri F, et al. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Indonesian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Jogjakarta eye diabetic study in the community (JOGED.COM)[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2018, 25(2): 113-119. DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1367410.
24.	Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, et al. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care[J]. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31(5): 1060-1079. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9020.
25.	Toda J, Kato S, Sanaka M, et al. The effect of pregnancy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2016, 60(6): 454-458. DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0464-y.
26.	张玉娴, 刘颖, 杨叔禹. 妊娠合并糖尿病视网膜病变的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2015, 31(14): 2245-2247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2015.14.002.Zhang YX, Liu Y, Yang SY. Progress in research on pregnancy complicated with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Journal of Practical Medicine, 2015, 31(14): 2245-2247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2015.14.002.
27.	Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998, 116(7): 874-886. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.116.7.874.
28.	Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 329(14): 977-986. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.
29.	郭伟宾, 杨江萍, 侯娇娇, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变的危险因素分析[J]. 解放军医药杂志, 2018, 30(6): 46-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2018.06.012.Guo WB, Yang JB, Hou JJ, et al. Analysis of risk factors of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Med & Pharm J Chin PLA, 2018, 30(6): 46-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2018.06.012.
30.	王军勋. 2型糖尿病患者早期并发视网膜病变危险因素的研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017.Wang JX. Study on risk factors of early retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017.
31.	张扬, 牛萌, 李严, 等. 医院就诊患者的糖尿病视网膜病变患病情况及相关因素分析[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(6): 440-444. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.06.009.Zhang Y, Niu M, Li Y, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in hospital patients[J]. Natl Med J China, 2018, 98(6): 440-444. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.06.009.
32.	Cai X, Chen Y, Yang W, et al. The association of smoking and risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis[J]. Endocrine, 2018, 62(2): 299-306. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1697-y.
33.	Harjutsalo V, Feodoroff M, Forsblom C, et al. Patients with type 1 diabetes consuming alcoholic spirits have an increased risk of microvascular complications[J]. Diabet Med, 2014, 31(2): 156-164. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12307.
34.	Fenwick EK, Xie J, Man RE, et al. Moderate consumption of white and fortified wine is associated with reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2015, 29(8): 1009-1014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.001.
35.	Zhu W, Meng YF, Wu Y, et al. Association of alcohol intake with risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of observational studies[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 4[2020-01-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28127054/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00034-w.
36.	刘玉斌. 2型糖尿病患者血管病变相关影响因素分析[D]. 石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2016.Liu YE. Analysis of related factors of vascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2016.
37.	Pollreisz A, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Diabetic cataract--pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2010, 2010: 608751[2010-06-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20634936/. DOI: 10.1155/2010/608751.
38.	Kiziltoprak H, Tekin K, Inanc M, et al. Cataract in diabetes mellitus[J]. World J Diabetes, 2019, 10(3): 140-153. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i3.140.
39.	林菁, 姚勇. 白内障超声乳化手术对糖尿病视网膜病变进展的影响[J]. 中国血液流变学杂志, 2017, 27(2): 187-190. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2017.02.020.Lin J, Yao Y. Influence of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery on progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chinese Journal of Hemorheology, 2017, 27(2): 187-190. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2017.02.020.
40.	Hong T, Mitchell P, de Loryn T, et al. Development and progression of diabetic retinopathy 12 months after phacoemulsification cataract surgery[J]. Ophthalmology, 2009, 116(8): 1510-1514. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.03.003.
41.	Cheema RA, Al-Mubarak MM, Amin YM, et al. Role of combined cataract surgery and intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy: prospective randomized study[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2009, 35(1): 18-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.09.019.
42.	Zhao C, Wang W, Xu D, et al. Insulin and risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: data from a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies[J/OL]. Diagn Pathol, 2014, 9: 130[2014-06-27]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24972631/. DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-130.
43.	Stram DA, Jiang X, Varma R, et al. Factors associated with prevalent diabetic retinopathy in Chinese Americans: the Chinese American eye study[J]. Ophthalmol Retina, 2018, 2: 96-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.05.014.
44.	苏娇, 黄娜娜, 于婷婷, 等. 胰岛素治疗与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变的关系[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2019, 19(3): 442-445. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.3.22.Su J, Huang NN, Yu TT, et al. Relationship between insulin treatment and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2019, 19(3): 442-445. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.3.22.
45.	Tam VH, Lam EP, Chu BC, et al. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Hong Kong Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2009, 23(3): 185-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.03.001.
46.	王红波, 孙凤仙, 张勤, 等. 近视性屈光不正对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响[J]. 中国中医眼科杂志, 2011, 21(6): 353-354. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.002898.Wang HB, Sun FX, Zhang Q, et al. The effect of myopic refractive error on diabetic retinopathy[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Ophthalmology, 2011, 21(6): 353-354. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.002898.
47.	Lim LS, Lamoureux E, Saw SM, et al. Are myopic eyes less likely to have diabetic retinopathy?[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(3): 524-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.044.
48.	杨洁. 糖尿病视网膜病变的相关因素分析[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆医科大学, 2015.Yang J. Related factors analysis of diabetic retinopathy[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Medical University, 2015.

1. 睢瑞芳. 认识糖尿病视网膜病变易感基因研究现状与挑战, 提高糖尿病视网膜病变易感基因研究水平[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2016, 32(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.003.Sui RF. Understanding of progress and challenges in elucidating the susceptibility genes of diabetic rctinopathy: improving research quality of susceptibility genes of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2016, 32(2): 122-125. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2016.02.003.
2. Cabrera AP, Monickaraj F, Rangasamy S, et al. Do genomic factors play a role in diabetic retinopathy?[J/OL]. J Clin Med, 2020, 9(1): 216[2020-01-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947513/. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010216.
3. Han J, Lando L, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, et al. Genetics of diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Curr Diab Rep, 2019, 19(9): 67[2019-07-29]. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11892-019-1186-6. DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1186-6.
4. Zhang X, Saaddine JB, Chou CF, et al. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United States, 2005-2008[J]. JAMA, 2010, 304(6): 649-656. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.1111.
5. 李中庭, 冷炫, 赵岐. 表观遗传学在糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2019, 35(2): 196-199. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2019.02.018.Li ZT, Leng X, Zhao Q. The advances of epigenetics in diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2019, 35(2): 196-199. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2019.02.018.
6. Maric-Bilkan C. Sex differences in micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes mellitus[J]. Clin Sci (Lond), 2017, 131(9): 833-846. DOI: 10.1042/CS20160998.
7. Kostev K, Rathmann W. Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in the UK: a database analysis[J]. Diabetologia, 2013, 56(1): 109-111. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2742-7.
8. Looker HC, Nyangoma SO, Cromie D, et al. Diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in Scotland[J]. Diabetologia, 2012, 55(9): 2335-2342. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2596-z.
9. Hammes HP, Kerner W, Hofer S, et al. Diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes-a contemporary analysis of 8784 patients[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54: 1977-1984. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2198-1.
10. Kajiwara A, Miyagawa H, Saruwatari J, et al. Gender differences in the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinic-based retrospective longitudinal study[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2014, 103: 7-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.12.043.
11. 郝兆虎, 邵海琳, 黄霄, 等. 青少年吸烟史、糖尿病发病年龄与糖尿病视网膜病变的相关性分析[J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2019, 35(4): 319-322. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2019.04.009.Hao ZH, Shao HL, Huang X, et al. Association of adolescent smoking history and onset age of diabetes with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2019, 35(4): 319-322. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1000-6699.2019.04.009.
12. Song P, Yu J, Chan KY, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and burden of diabetic retinopathy in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. J Glob Health, 2018, 8: 010803[2018-06-08]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29899983/. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.010803.
13. Ahmed KR, Karim MN, Bhowmik B, et al. Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in Bangladesh: a 15-year follow-up study[J]. J Diabetes, 2012, 4(4): 386-391. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00208.x.
14. Hao Z, Huang X, Qin Y, et al. Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study[J/OL]. BMJ Open, 2020, 10(2): e032095[2020-02-10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32047012/. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032095.
15. Zhu W, Wu Y, Meng YF, et al. Association of obesity and risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients[J/OL]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(32): e11807[2018-08-10]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30095648/. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011807.
16. Hwang IC, Bae JH, Kim JM. Relationship between body fat and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea[J]. Eye(Lond), 2019, 33(6): 980-987. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0352-z.
17. Song SJ. Obesity and diabetic retinopathy: new perspectives[J/OL]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2016, 134(3): 258[2015-12-07]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30095648/. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5178.
18. World Health Organization. Physical activity[EB/OL]. [2019-09-22]. https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity.
19. Laporte RE, Dorman JS, Tajima N, et al. Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality study: physical activity and diabetic complications[J]. Pediatrics, 1986, 78(6): 1027-1033.
20. Kriska AM, Laporte RE, Patrick SL, et al. The association of physical activity and diabetic complications in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the epidemiology of diabetes complications study-Ⅶ[J]. J Clin Epidemiol, 1991, 44(11): 1207-1214. DOI: 10.1016/0895-4356(91)90153-Z.
21. Gong Q, Gregg EW, Wang J, et al. Long-term effects of a randomised trial of a 6-year lifestyle intervention in impaired glucose tolerance on diabetes-related microvascular complications: the China Da Qing diabetes prevention outcome study[J]. Diabetologia, 2011, 54(2): 300-307. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1948-9.
22. Bukht MS, Ahmed KR, Hossain S, et al. Association between physical activity and diabetic complications among Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2019, 13(1): 806-809. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.069.
23. Dharmastuti DP, Agni AN, Widyaputri F, et al. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy in Indonesian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Jogjakarta eye diabetic study in the community (JOGED.COM)[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 2018, 25(2): 113-119. DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1367410.
24. Kitzmiller JL, Block JM, Brown FM, et al. Managing preexisting diabetes for pregnancy: summary of evidence and consensus recommendations for care[J]. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31(5): 1060-1079. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9020.
25. Toda J, Kato S, Sanaka M, et al. The effect of pregnancy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Jpn J Ophthalmol, 2016, 60(6): 454-458. DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0464-y.
26. 张玉娴, 刘颖, 杨叔禹. 妊娠合并糖尿病视网膜病变的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2015, 31(14): 2245-2247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2015.14.002.Zhang YX, Liu Y, Yang SY. Progress in research on pregnancy complicated with diabetic retinopathy[J]. Journal of Practical Medicine, 2015, 31(14): 2245-2247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2015.14.002.
27. Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1998, 116(7): 874-886. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.116.7.874.
28. Nathan DM, Genuth S, Lachin J, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 329(14): 977-986. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401.
29. 郭伟宾, 杨江萍, 侯娇娇, 等. 糖尿病视网膜病变的危险因素分析[J]. 解放军医药杂志, 2018, 30(6): 46-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2018.06.012.Guo WB, Yang JB, Hou JJ, et al. Analysis of risk factors of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Med & Pharm J Chin PLA, 2018, 30(6): 46-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-140X.2018.06.012.
30. 王军勋. 2型糖尿病患者早期并发视网膜病变危险因素的研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017.Wang JX. Study on risk factors of early retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017.
31. 张扬, 牛萌, 李严, 等. 医院就诊患者的糖尿病视网膜病变患病情况及相关因素分析[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(6): 440-444. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.06.009.Zhang Y, Niu M, Li Y, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in hospital patients[J]. Natl Med J China, 2018, 98(6): 440-444. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.06.009.
32. Cai X, Chen Y, Yang W, et al. The association of smoking and risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis[J]. Endocrine, 2018, 62(2): 299-306. DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1697-y.
33. Harjutsalo V, Feodoroff M, Forsblom C, et al. Patients with type 1 diabetes consuming alcoholic spirits have an increased risk of microvascular complications[J]. Diabet Med, 2014, 31(2): 156-164. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12307.
34. Fenwick EK, Xie J, Man RE, et al. Moderate consumption of white and fortified wine is associated with reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2015, 29(8): 1009-1014. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.09.001.
35. Zhu W, Meng YF, Wu Y, et al. Association of alcohol intake with risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of observational studies[J/OL]. Sci Rep, 2017, 7(1): 4[2020-01-31]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28127054/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00034-w.
36. 刘玉斌. 2型糖尿病患者血管病变相关影响因素分析[D]. 石家庄: 河北医科大学, 2016.Liu YE. Analysis of related factors of vascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Medical University, 2016.
37. Pollreisz A, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Diabetic cataract--pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2010, 2010: 608751[2010-06-17]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20634936/. DOI: 10.1155/2010/608751.
38. Kiziltoprak H, Tekin K, Inanc M, et al. Cataract in diabetes mellitus[J]. World J Diabetes, 2019, 10(3): 140-153. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i3.140.
39. 林菁, 姚勇. 白内障超声乳化手术对糖尿病视网膜病变进展的影响[J]. 中国血液流变学杂志, 2017, 27(2): 187-190. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2017.02.020.Lin J, Yao Y. Influence of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery on progression of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chinese Journal of Hemorheology, 2017, 27(2): 187-190. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-881X.2017.02.020.
40. Hong T, Mitchell P, de Loryn T, et al. Development and progression of diabetic retinopathy 12 months after phacoemulsification cataract surgery[J]. Ophthalmology, 2009, 116(8): 1510-1514. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.03.003.
41. Cheema RA, Al-Mubarak MM, Amin YM, et al. Role of combined cataract surgery and intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy: prospective randomized study[J]. J Cataract Refract Surg, 2009, 35(1): 18-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.09.019.
42. Zhao C, Wang W, Xu D, et al. Insulin and risk of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: data from a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies[J/OL]. Diagn Pathol, 2014, 9: 130[2014-06-27]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24972631/. DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-130.
43. Stram DA, Jiang X, Varma R, et al. Factors associated with prevalent diabetic retinopathy in Chinese Americans: the Chinese American eye study[J]. Ophthalmol Retina, 2018, 2: 96-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.05.014.
44. 苏娇, 黄娜娜, 于婷婷, 等. 胰岛素治疗与2型糖尿病患者视网膜病变的关系[J]. 国际眼科杂志, 2019, 19(3): 442-445. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.3.22.Su J, Huang NN, Yu TT, et al. Relationship between insulin treatment and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Int Eye Sci, 2019, 19(3): 442-445. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2019.3.22.
45. Tam VH, Lam EP, Chu BC, et al. Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in Hong Kong Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2009, 23(3): 185-193. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.03.001.
46. 王红波, 孙凤仙, 张勤, 等. 近视性屈光不正对糖尿病视网膜病变的影响[J]. 中国中医眼科杂志, 2011, 21(6): 353-354. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.002898.Wang HB, Sun FX, Zhang Q, et al. The effect of myopic refractive error on diabetic retinopathy[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Ophthalmology, 2011, 21(6): 353-354. DOI: 10.13444/j.cnki.zgzyykzz.002898.
47. Lim LS, Lamoureux E, Saw SM, et al. Are myopic eyes less likely to have diabetic retinopathy?[J]. Ophthalmology, 2010, 117(3): 524-530. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.044.
48. 杨洁. 糖尿病视网膜病变的相关因素分析[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆医科大学, 2015.Yang J. Related factors analysis of diabetic retinopathy[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Medical University, 2015.

Previous Article
The natural course of myopic traction maculopathy

Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Research progress on the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Previous Article

Format

Content