The natural course of myopic traction maculopathy_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Luo Nan ,  Liu Bingqian , Lyu Lin

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen Unversity, Guangzhou 510060, China;

Corresponding author：

Liu Bingqian, Email: liubq6@mail.sysu.edu.cn

Keywords：

Myopia; Retinoschisis; Retinal detachment; Review; Natural course

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200907-00433

Video：

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Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is one of the most common macular degeneration in highly myopic eyes, which is the main cause of visual impairment. MTM is a slowly progressing disease. Macular retinoschisis (MRS), macular detachment and macular hole are the three main manifestations of MTM. Under the combined action of various traction mechanisms, MTM may manifest as stable anatomical structure, progressing or spontaneous improvement. The possibility of spontaneous improvement of MTM is small and the degree of improvement of BCVA varies, while the risk of deterioration of MTM increases with its development. Attention should be paid to patient follow-up and timely surgical treatment to prevent MTM from further threatening the patients’ vision in clinically.

Citation： Luo Nan, Liu Bingqian, Lyu Lin. The natural course of myopic traction maculopathy. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2020, 36(12): 983-987. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20200907-00433 Copy

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9.	Rey A, Jürgens I, Maseras X, et al. Natural course and surgical management of high myopic foveoschisis[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2014, 231(1): 45-50. DOI: 10.1159/000355324.
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24.	Loh BK, Wong D. Myopic pre-foveoschisis: an earlier stage of myopic foveoschisis documented by optical coherence tomography[J]. Eye (Lond), 2010, 24(6): 1107-1109. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.256.
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26.	Lai TT, Ho TC, Yang CM. Spontaneous resolution of foveal detachment in traction maculopathy in high myopia unrelated to posterior vitreous detachment[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2016, 16: 18[2016-02-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26868376/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0195-3.
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1. Wong YL, Saw SM. Epidemiology of pathologic myopia in Asia and worldwide[J]. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2016, 5(6): 394-402. DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000234.
2. Ruiz-Medrano J, Montero JA, Flores-Moreno I, et al. Myopic maculopathy: current status and proposal for a new classification and grading system (ATN)[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2019, 69: 80-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.005.
3. Takano M, Kishi S. Foveal retinoschisis and retinal detachment in severely myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1999, 128(4): 472-476. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00186-5.
4. Panozzo G, Mercanti A. Optical coherence tomography findings in myopic traction maculopathy[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2004, 122(10): 1455-1460. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.122.10.1455.
5. You QS, Peng XY, Xu L, et al. Myopic maculopathy imaged by optical coherence tomography: the Beijing eye study[J]. Ophthalmology, 2014, 121(1): 220-224. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.06.013.
6. Parolini B, Palmieri M, Finzi A, et al. The new myopic traction maculopathy staging system[J/OL]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2020, 2020:1120672120930590 [2020-06-08]. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1120672120930590?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&. DOI: 10.1177/1120672120930590. [published online ahead of print].
7. Gaucher D, Haouchine B, Tadayoni R, et al. Long-term follow-up of high myopic foveoschisis: natural course and surgical outcome[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2007, 143(3): 455-462. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.10.053.
8. Shimada N, Tanaka Y, Tokoro T, et al. Natural course of myopic traction maculopathy and factors associated with progression or resolution[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2013, 156(5): 948-957. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2013.06.031.
9. Rey A, Jürgens I, Maseras X, et al. Natural course and surgical management of high myopic foveoschisis[J]. Ophthalmologica, 2014, 231(1): 45-50. DOI: 10.1159/000355324.
10. dell'Omo R, Virgili G, Bottoni F, et al. Lamellar macular holes in the eyes with pathological myopia[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2018, 256(7): 1281-1290. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3995-8.
11. 周丽琴, 夏惠娟, 陈洁. 近视牵引性黄斑病变自然病程进展远期观察[J]. 中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志, 2018, 20(9): 566-571. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2018.09.011.Zhou LQ, Xia HJ, Chen J. Long term study of the natural course of myopic traction maculopathy[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 20(9): 566-571. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-845X.2018.09.011.
12. Xia HJ, Wang WJ, Chen F, et al. Long-term follow-up of the fellow eye in patients undergoing surgery on one eye for treating myopic traction maculopathy[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2016, 2016: 2989086[2016-07-12]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27478633/. DOI: 10.1155/2016/2989086.
13. Li J, Liu B, Li Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of eyes with different grades of myopic traction maculopathy-based on the ATN classification system[J]. Retina, 2020, 2020:E1[2020-11-20]. https://journals.lww.com/retinajournal/Abstract/9000/CLINICAL_CHARACTERISTICS_OF_EYES_WITH_DIFFERENT.95667.aspx. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003043. [published online ahead of print].
14. Ripandelli G, Rossi T, Scarinci F, et al. Macular vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma: 5-year follow-up[J]. Retina, 2012, 32(8): 1531-1538. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318255062c.
15. Benhamou N, Massin P, Haouchine B, et al. Macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2002, 133(6): 794-800. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01394-6.
16. Kuhn F. Internal limiting membrane removal for macular detachment in highly myopic eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2003, 135(4): 547-549. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02057-3.
17. Kobayashi H, Kishi S. Vitreous surgery for highly myopic eyes with foveal detachment and retinoschisis[J]. Ophthalmology, 2003, 110(9): 1702-1707. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00714-0.
18. Shimada N, Ohno-Matsui K, Baba T, et al. Natural course of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes without macular hole or retinal detachment[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2006, 142(3): 497-500. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.03.048.
19. Jo Y, Ikuno Y, Nishida K. Retinoschisis: a predictive factor in vitrectomy for macular holes without retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2012, 96(2): 197-200. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2011.203232.
20. Alkabes M, Pichi F, Nucci P, et al. Anatomical and visual outcomes in high myopic macular hole (HM-MH) without retinal detachment: a review[J]. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2014, 252(2): 191-199. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2555-5.
21. Panozzo G, Mercanti A. Vitrectomy for myopic traction maculopathy[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2007, 125(6): 767-772. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.125.6.767.
22. Fujimoto M, Hangai M, Suda K, et al. Features associated with foveal retinal detachment in myopic macular retinoschisis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2010, 150(6): 863-870. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.06.023.
23. Xiao W, Zhu Z, Odouard C, et al. Wide-field en face swept-source optical coherence tomography features of extrafoveal retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(2): 1037-1044. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20607.
24. Loh BK, Wong D. Myopic pre-foveoschisis: an earlier stage of myopic foveoschisis documented by optical coherence tomography[J]. Eye (Lond), 2010, 24(6): 1107-1109. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.256.
25. Shinohara K, Tanaka N, Jonas JB, et al. Ultrawide-field OCT to investigate relationships between myopic macular retinoschisis and posterior staphyloma[J]. Ophthalmology, 2018, 125(10): 1575-1586. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.03.053.
26. Lai TT, Ho TC, Yang CM. Spontaneous resolution of foveal detachment in traction maculopathy in high myopia unrelated to posterior vitreous detachment[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2016, 16: 18[2016-02-11]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26868376/. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0195-3.
27. Shimada N, Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T, et al. Progression from macular retinoschisis to retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes is associated with outer lamellar hole formation[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2008, 92(6): 762-764. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.131359.
28. Sun CB, Liu Z, Xue AQ, et al. Natural evolution from macular retinoschisis to full-thickness macular hole in highly myopic eyes[J]. Eye (Lond), 2010, 24(12): 1787-1791. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.123.
29. Takahashi H, Tanaka N, Shinohara K, et al. Importance of paravascular vitreal adhesions for development of myopic macular retinoschisis detected by ultra-widefield OCT[J]. Ophthalmology, 2020, 2020:S0161-6420(20)30672-2[2020-07-11]. https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0161642020306722?returnurl=null&referrer=null. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.06.063. [published online ahead of print].
30. Hsieh YT, Yang CM. Retinal detachment due to paravascular abnormalities-associated breaks in highly myopic eyes[J]. Eye (Lond), 2019, 33(4): 572-579. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0255-4.
31. Li T, Wang X, Zhou Y, et al. Paravascular abnormalities observed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography are risk factors for retinoschisis in eyes with high myopia[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2018, 96(4): e515-523[2017-11-24]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29171725/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13628.
32. Vela JI, Sánchez F, Díaz-Cascajosa J, et al. Incidence and distribution of paravascular lamellar holes and their relationship with macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes using spectral-domain oct[J]. Int Ophthalmol, 2016, 36(2): 247-252. DOI: 10.1007/s10792-015-0110-6.
33. Shimada N, Ohno-Matsui K, Nishimuta A, et al. Detection of paravascular lamellar holes and other paravascular abnormalities by optical coherence tomography in eyes with high myopia[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008, 115(4): 708-717. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.060.
34. Sayanagi K, Ikuno Y, Gomi F, et al. Retinal vascular microfolds in highly myopic eyes[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005, 139(4): 658-663. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.11.025.
35. Ikuno Y, Gomi F, Tano Y. Potent retinal arteriolar traction as a possible cause of myopic foveoschisis[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2005, 139(3): 462-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.09.078.
36. Kamal-Salah R, Morillo-Sanchez MJ, Rius-Diaz F, et al. Relationship between paravascular abnormalities and foveoschisis in highly myopic patients[J]. Eye (Lond), 2015, 29(2): 280-285. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.255.
37. Polito A, Lanzetta P, Del Borrello M, et al. Spontaneous resolution of a shallow detachment of the macula in a highly myopic eye[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2003, 135(4): 546-547. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(02)02080-9.
38. Sayanagi K, Ikuno Y, Tano Y. Spontaneous resolution of retinoschisis and consequent development of retinal detachment in highly myopic eye[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2006, 90(5): 652-653. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.085233.
39. Paulus YM, Bressler NM. Spontaneous improvement in myopic foveoschisis[J]. Eye (Lond), 2014, 28(12): 1519-1520. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.203.
40. Hirota K, Hirakata A, Inoue M. Dehiscence of detached internal limiting membrane in eyes with myopic traction maculopathy with spontaneous resolution[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2014, 14: 39[2014-03-29]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24678951/. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-39.
41. Li Y, Jonas JB, Lu L. Spontaneous closure of highly myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2014, 92(5): e408-410[2014-01-16]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24428948/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.12338.
42. Yu J, Jiang C, Xu G. Spontaneous closure of a myopic macular hole with retinal reattachment in an eye with high myopia and staphyloma: a case report[J/OL]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2014, 14: 111[2014-09-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25236362/. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-111.
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