He Tao,
Email: ht178933175@163.com
Müller cells are glial cells of the retina, whose major processes cross the internal and external limiting membranes of the retina, maintaining the function and metabolism of retinal photoreceptors and neurons. Their structure and function are closely related to the development of macular hole (MH). Müller cells are involved in the formation and recovery of MH from the aspect of traction and protein, and their morphology and biological function also influence the regression of MH. The current treatment modality for MH is vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, in which Müller cells play a dual role after ILM peeling in different stages of MH. And its potential to re-acquire a progenitor-like state following retinal injury with the ability to proliferate and generate new neurons making it a current research hot topic, which can be a reference and inspiration for clinical treatment.
Citation： Pan Yiji, He Tao. Research progress of Müller cell and macular hole. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2022, 38(10): 862-866. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210319-00148 Copy
| 1. | Bringmann A, Unterlauft JD, Barth T, et al. Müller cells and astrocytes in tractional macular disorders[J/OL]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2022, 86: 100977[2022-01-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102317/. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100977. |
| 2. | Coughlin BA, Feenstra DJ, Mohr S. Müller cells and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Vision Res, 2017, 139: 93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.013. |
| 3. | Bringmann A, Grosche A, Pannicke T, et al. GABA and glutamate uptake and metabolism in retinal glial (Müller) cells[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2013, 4: 48. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00048. |
| 4. | Muoio V, Persson PB, Sendeski MM. The neurovascular unit-concept review[J]. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2014, 210(4): 790-798. DOI: 10.1111/apha.12250. |
| 5. | Wurm A, Pannicke T, Iandiev I, et al. Purinergic signaling involved in Müller cell function in the mammalian retina[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2011, 30(5): 324-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.06.001. |
| 6. | Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Glia of the human retina[J]. Glia, 2020, 68(4): 768-796. DOI: 10.1002/glia.23727. |
| 7. | Bringmann A, Pannicke T, Grosche J, et al. Müller cells in the healthy and diseased retina[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2006, 25(4): 397-424. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2006.05.003. |
| 8. | Chen Q, Liu ZX. Idiopathic macular hole: a comprehensive review of its pathogenesis and of advanced studies on metamorphopsia[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 7294952[2019-05-23].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31240135/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/7294952. |
| 9. | Majumdar S, Tripathy K. Macular hole[M/OL]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing[2022-07-04]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559200/. |
| 10. | McCannel CA, Ensminger JL, Diehl NN, et al. Population-based incidence of macular holes[J]. Ophthalmology, 2009, 116(7): 1366-1369. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.01.052. |
| 11. | 郁艳萍, 刘武. 重视特发性黄斑裂孔的临床研究[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2020, 10(3): 129-134. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2020.03.001.Yu YP, Liu W. Pay attention to the clinical research of idiopathic macular hole[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Med (Electronic Editon), 2020, 10(3): 129-134. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2020.03.001. |
| 12. | Deschênes MC, Descovich D, Moreau M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases retinal blood flow and protects the retinal nerve fiber layer[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2010, 51(5): 2587-2600. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3710. |
| 13. | Nuzzi R, Scalabrin S, Becco A, et al. Gonadal hormones and retinal disorders: a review[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018, 9: 66. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00066. |
| 14. | Inokuchi N, Ikeda T, Nakamura K, et al. Vitreous estrogen levels in patients with an idiopathic macular hole[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2015, 9: 549-552. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S80754. |
| 15. | Wang W, He M, Zhong X. Sex-dependent choroidal thickness differences in healthy adults: a study based on original and synthesized data[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2018, 43(6): 796-803. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1428995. |
| 16. | Karkhaneh R, Nikbakht M, Bazvand F, et al. Choroidal thickness in idiopathic macular hole[J]. J Curr Ophthalmol, 2017, 29(1): 45-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.08.005. |
| 17. | Bringmann A, Unterlauft JD, Wiedemann R, et al. Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability[J]. Int J Retina Vitreous, 2020, 6: 28. DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00232-1. |
| 18. | Scharf JM, Hilely A, Preti RC, et al. Hyperreflective stress lines and macular holes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2020, 61(4): 50. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.50. |
| 19. | Govetto A, Hubschman JP, Sarraf D, et al. The role of Müller cells in tractional macular disorders: an optical coherence tomography study and physical model of mechanical force transmission[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(4): 466-472. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314245. |
| 20. | Zhang P, Zhu M, Zhao Y, et al. A proteomic approach to understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole formation[J]. Clin Proteomics, 2017, 14(1): 37. DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9172-y. |
| 21. | Barcelona PF, Jaldin-Fincati JR, Sanchez MC, et al. Activated alpha2-macroglobulin induces Müller glial cell migration by regulating MT1-MMP activity through LRP1[J]. FASEB J, 2013, 27(8): 3181-3197. DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221598. |
| 22. | Bringmann A, Syrbe S, Gorner K, et al. The primate fovea: structure, function and development[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 66: 49-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006. |
| 23. | Bringmann A, Duncker T, Jochmann C, et al. Spontaneous closure of small full-thickness macular holes: presumed role of Müller cells[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2020, 98(4): e447-456P[2020-06-08].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31654489/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14289. |
| 24. | Shiode Y, Morizane Y, Matoba R, et al. The role of inverted internal limiting membrane flap in macular hole closure[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(11): 4847-4855. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21756. |
| 25. | Eastlake K, Luis J, Limb GA. Potential of Müller glia for retina neuroprotection[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2020, 45(3): 339-348. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1648831. |
| 26. | Chung H, Byeon SH. New insights into the pathoanatomy of macular holes based on features of optical coherence tomography[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 2017, 62(4): 506-521. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.003. |
| 27. | Bringmann A, Jochmann C, Unterlauft JD, et al. Different modes of foveal regeneration after closure of full-thickness macular holes by (re)vitrectomy and autologous platelet concentrate[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2020, 13(1): 36-48. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.06. |
| 28. | Yamada K, Maeno T, Kusaka S, et al. Recalcitrant macular hole closure by autologous retinal transplant using the peripheral retina[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2020, 14: 2301-2306. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S236592. |
| 29. | Rumelt S. Gass’s atlas of macular diseases[M/OL]. 5th ed. Agarwal: Elsevier, 2012[2012-11-29]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2211-5. |
| 30. | Matet A, Savastano MC, Rispoli M, et al. En face optical coherence tomography of foveal microstructure in full-thickness macular hole: a model to study perifoveal Müller cells[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(6): 1142-1151. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.02.013. |
| 31. | Kitao M, Wakabayashi T, Nishida K, et al. Long-term reconstruction of foveal microstructure and visual acuity after idiopathic macular hole repair: three-year follow-up study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(2): 238-244. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311689. |
| 32. | Pang CE, Spaide RF, Freund KB. Epiretinal proliferation seen in association with lamellar macular holes: a distinct clinical entity[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(8): 1513-1523. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000163. |
| 33. | Pang CE, Maberley DA, Freund KB, et al. Lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation: a clinicopathologic correlation[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(7): 1408-1412. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001069. |
| 34. | Yang JM, Choi SU, Kim YJ, et al. Association between epiretinal membrane, epiretinal proliferation, and prognosis of full-prognosis of full-thickness macular hole closure[J]. Retina, 2022, 42(1): 46-54. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003262. |
| 35. | Wu AL, Liu YT, Chou HD, et al. Role of growth factors and internal limiting membrane constituents in Müller cell migration[J/OL]. Exp Eye Res, 2021, 202: 108352[2021-01-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166502/. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108352. |
| 36. | Ittarat M, Somkijrungroj T, Chansangpetch S, et al. Literature review of surgical treatment in idiopathic full-thickness macular hole[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2020, 14: 2171-2183. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S262877. |
| 37. | Chatziralli IP, Theodossiadis PG, Steel D. Internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery; why, when, and how?[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(5): 870-882. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001959. |
| 38. | Murphy DC, Fostier W, Rees J, et al. Foveal sparing internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular holes: effects on anatomical restoration of the fovea and visual function[J]. Retina, 2020, 40(11): 2127-2133. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002724. |
| 39. | Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Baba T, et al. Pathogenesis and management of macular hole: review of current advances[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 3467381[2019-05-02]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31191994/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/3467381. |
| 40. | Steel DH, Dinah C, White K, et al. The relationship between a dissociated optic nerve fibre layer appearance after macular hole surgery and Müller cell debris on peeled internal limiting membrane[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2017, 95(2): 153-157. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13195. |
| 41. | Wang J, He C, Zhou T, et al. NGF increases VEGF expression and promotes cell proliferation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in Müller cells[J]. Mol Vis, 2016, 22: 254-263. |
| 42. | Ch'ng SW, Patton N, Ahmed M, et al. The manchester largemacular hole study: is it time to reclassify large macular holes?[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2018, 195: 36-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.027. |
| 43. | Zhang L, Li X, Lin X, et al. Nerve growth factor promotes the proliferation of Müller cells co-cultured with internal limiting membrane by regulating cell cycle via Trk-A/PI3K/Akt pathway[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2019, 19(1): 130. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1142-x. |
| 44. | Lahne M, Nagashima M, Hyde DR, et al. Reprogramming Müller glia to regenerate retinal neurons[J]. Annu Rev Vis Sci, 2020, 6: 171-193. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081808. |
| 45. | Langhe R, Pearson RA. Rebuilding the retina: prospects for Müller glial-mediated self-repair[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2020, 45(3): 349-360. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1669665. |
| 46. | Zhang Z, Hou H, Yu S, et al. Inflammation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is essential for retina regeneration[J]. Glia, 2020, 68(1): 111-127. DOI: 10.1002/glia.23707. |
| 47. | Nagashima M, D'Cruz TS, Danku AE, et al. Midkine-a is required for cell cycle progression of Müller glia during neuronal regeneration in the vertebrate retina[J]. J Neurosci, 2020, 40(6): 1232-1247. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1675-19.2019. |
| 48. | Enayati S, Chang K, Achour H, et al. Electrical stimulation induces retinal Müller cell proliferation and their progenitor cell potential[J]. Cells, 2020, 9(3): 781. DOI: 10.3390/cells9030781. |
| 49. | García-García D, Locker M, Perron M. Update on Müller glia regenerative potential for retinal repair[J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2020, 64: 52-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.025. |
- 1. Bringmann A, Unterlauft JD, Barth T, et al. Müller cells and astrocytes in tractional macular disorders[J/OL]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2022, 86: 100977[2022-01-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34102317/. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100977.
- 2. Coughlin BA, Feenstra DJ, Mohr S. Müller cells and diabetic retinopathy[J]. Vision Res, 2017, 139: 93-100. DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.013.
- 3. Bringmann A, Grosche A, Pannicke T, et al. GABA and glutamate uptake and metabolism in retinal glial (Müller) cells[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2013, 4: 48. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00048.
- 4. Muoio V, Persson PB, Sendeski MM. The neurovascular unit-concept review[J]. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2014, 210(4): 790-798. DOI: 10.1111/apha.12250.
- 5. Wurm A, Pannicke T, Iandiev I, et al. Purinergic signaling involved in Müller cell function in the mammalian retina[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2011, 30(5): 324-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.06.001.
- 6. Reichenbach A, Bringmann A. Glia of the human retina[J]. Glia, 2020, 68(4): 768-796. DOI: 10.1002/glia.23727.
- 7. Bringmann A, Pannicke T, Grosche J, et al. Müller cells in the healthy and diseased retina[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2006, 25(4): 397-424. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2006.05.003.
- 8. Chen Q, Liu ZX. Idiopathic macular hole: a comprehensive review of its pathogenesis and of advanced studies on metamorphopsia[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 7294952[2019-05-23].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31240135/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/7294952.
- 9. Majumdar S, Tripathy K. Macular hole[M/OL]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing[2022-07-04]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559200/.
- 10. McCannel CA, Ensminger JL, Diehl NN, et al. Population-based incidence of macular holes[J]. Ophthalmology, 2009, 116(7): 1366-1369. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.01.052.
- 11. 郁艳萍, 刘武. 重视特发性黄斑裂孔的临床研究[J]. 中华眼科医学杂志(电子版), 2020, 10(3): 129-134. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2020.03.001.Yu YP, Liu W. Pay attention to the clinical research of idiopathic macular hole[J]. Chin J Ophthalmol Med (Electronic Editon), 2020, 10(3): 129-134. DOI: 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-2007.2020.03.001.
- 12. Deschênes MC, Descovich D, Moreau M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases retinal blood flow and protects the retinal nerve fiber layer[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2010, 51(5): 2587-2600. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3710.
- 13. Nuzzi R, Scalabrin S, Becco A, et al. Gonadal hormones and retinal disorders: a review[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018, 9: 66. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00066.
- 14. Inokuchi N, Ikeda T, Nakamura K, et al. Vitreous estrogen levels in patients with an idiopathic macular hole[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2015, 9: 549-552. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S80754.
- 15. Wang W, He M, Zhong X. Sex-dependent choroidal thickness differences in healthy adults: a study based on original and synthesized data[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2018, 43(6): 796-803. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1428995.
- 16. Karkhaneh R, Nikbakht M, Bazvand F, et al. Choroidal thickness in idiopathic macular hole[J]. J Curr Ophthalmol, 2017, 29(1): 45-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.08.005.
- 17. Bringmann A, Unterlauft JD, Wiedemann R, et al. Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability[J]. Int J Retina Vitreous, 2020, 6: 28. DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00232-1.
- 18. Scharf JM, Hilely A, Preti RC, et al. Hyperreflective stress lines and macular holes[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2020, 61(4): 50. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.50.
- 19. Govetto A, Hubschman JP, Sarraf D, et al. The role of Müller cells in tractional macular disorders: an optical coherence tomography study and physical model of mechanical force transmission[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(4): 466-472. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314245.
- 20. Zhang P, Zhu M, Zhao Y, et al. A proteomic approach to understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole formation[J]. Clin Proteomics, 2017, 14(1): 37. DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9172-y.
- 21. Barcelona PF, Jaldin-Fincati JR, Sanchez MC, et al. Activated alpha2-macroglobulin induces Müller glial cell migration by regulating MT1-MMP activity through LRP1[J]. FASEB J, 2013, 27(8): 3181-3197. DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221598.
- 22. Bringmann A, Syrbe S, Gorner K, et al. The primate fovea: structure, function and development[J]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2018, 66: 49-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.006.
- 23. Bringmann A, Duncker T, Jochmann C, et al. Spontaneous closure of small full-thickness macular holes: presumed role of Müller cells[J/OL]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2020, 98(4): e447-456P[2020-06-08].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31654489/. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14289.
- 24. Shiode Y, Morizane Y, Matoba R, et al. The role of inverted internal limiting membrane flap in macular hole closure[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(11): 4847-4855. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21756.
- 25. Eastlake K, Luis J, Limb GA. Potential of Müller glia for retina neuroprotection[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2020, 45(3): 339-348. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1648831.
- 26. Chung H, Byeon SH. New insights into the pathoanatomy of macular holes based on features of optical coherence tomography[J]. Surv Ophthalmol, 2017, 62(4): 506-521. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.03.003.
- 27. Bringmann A, Jochmann C, Unterlauft JD, et al. Different modes of foveal regeneration after closure of full-thickness macular holes by (re)vitrectomy and autologous platelet concentrate[J]. Int J Ophthalmol, 2020, 13(1): 36-48. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.06.
- 28. Yamada K, Maeno T, Kusaka S, et al. Recalcitrant macular hole closure by autologous retinal transplant using the peripheral retina[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2020, 14: 2301-2306. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S236592.
- 29. Rumelt S. Gass’s atlas of macular diseases[M/OL]. 5th ed. Agarwal: Elsevier, 2012[2012-11-29]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-012-2211-5.
- 30. Matet A, Savastano MC, Rispoli M, et al. En face optical coherence tomography of foveal microstructure in full-thickness macular hole: a model to study perifoveal Müller cells[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2015, 159(6): 1142-1151. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.02.013.
- 31. Kitao M, Wakabayashi T, Nishida K, et al. Long-term reconstruction of foveal microstructure and visual acuity after idiopathic macular hole repair: three-year follow-up study[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2019, 103(2): 238-244. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311689.
- 32. Pang CE, Spaide RF, Freund KB. Epiretinal proliferation seen in association with lamellar macular holes: a distinct clinical entity[J]. Retina, 2014, 34(8): 1513-1523. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000163.
- 33. Pang CE, Maberley DA, Freund KB, et al. Lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation: a clinicopathologic correlation[J]. Retina, 2016, 36(7): 1408-1412. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001069.
- 34. Yang JM, Choi SU, Kim YJ, et al. Association between epiretinal membrane, epiretinal proliferation, and prognosis of full-prognosis of full-thickness macular hole closure[J]. Retina, 2022, 42(1): 46-54. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003262.
- 35. Wu AL, Liu YT, Chou HD, et al. Role of growth factors and internal limiting membrane constituents in Müller cell migration[J/OL]. Exp Eye Res, 2021, 202: 108352[2021-01-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33166502/. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108352.
- 36. Ittarat M, Somkijrungroj T, Chansangpetch S, et al. Literature review of surgical treatment in idiopathic full-thickness macular hole[J]. Clin Ophthalmol, 2020, 14: 2171-2183. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S262877.
- 37. Chatziralli IP, Theodossiadis PG, Steel D. Internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery; why, when, and how?[J]. Retina, 2018, 38(5): 870-882. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001959.
- 38. Murphy DC, Fostier W, Rees J, et al. Foveal sparing internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular holes: effects on anatomical restoration of the fovea and visual function[J]. Retina, 2020, 40(11): 2127-2133. DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002724.
- 39. Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Baba T, et al. Pathogenesis and management of macular hole: review of current advances[J/OL]. J Ophthalmol, 2019, 2019: 3467381[2019-05-02]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31191994/. DOI: 10.1155/2019/3467381.
- 40. Steel DH, Dinah C, White K, et al. The relationship between a dissociated optic nerve fibre layer appearance after macular hole surgery and Müller cell debris on peeled internal limiting membrane[J]. Acta Ophthalmol, 2017, 95(2): 153-157. DOI: 10.1111/aos.13195.
- 41. Wang J, He C, Zhou T, et al. NGF increases VEGF expression and promotes cell proliferation via ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in Müller cells[J]. Mol Vis, 2016, 22: 254-263.
- 42. Ch'ng SW, Patton N, Ahmed M, et al. The manchester largemacular hole study: is it time to reclassify large macular holes?[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2018, 195: 36-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.07.027.
- 43. Zhang L, Li X, Lin X, et al. Nerve growth factor promotes the proliferation of Müller cells co-cultured with internal limiting membrane by regulating cell cycle via Trk-A/PI3K/Akt pathway[J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2019, 19(1): 130. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1142-x.
- 44. Lahne M, Nagashima M, Hyde DR, et al. Reprogramming Müller glia to regenerate retinal neurons[J]. Annu Rev Vis Sci, 2020, 6: 171-193. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081808.
- 45. Langhe R, Pearson RA. Rebuilding the retina: prospects for Müller glial-mediated self-repair[J]. Curr Eye Res, 2020, 45(3): 349-360. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1669665.
- 46. Zhang Z, Hou H, Yu S, et al. Inflammation-induced mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is essential for retina regeneration[J]. Glia, 2020, 68(1): 111-127. DOI: 10.1002/glia.23707.
- 47. Nagashima M, D'Cruz TS, Danku AE, et al. Midkine-a is required for cell cycle progression of Müller glia during neuronal regeneration in the vertebrate retina[J]. J Neurosci, 2020, 40(6): 1232-1247. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1675-19.2019.
- 48. Enayati S, Chang K, Achour H, et al. Electrical stimulation induces retinal Müller cell proliferation and their progenitor cell potential[J]. Cells, 2020, 9(3): 781. DOI: 10.3390/cells9030781.
- 49. García-García D, Locker M, Perron M. Update on Müller glia regenerative potential for retinal repair[J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 2020, 64: 52-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.025.