Reserch progress of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

Liu Pei , Song Chensheng ,  Wu Songdi

Department of Neurology and Neuro-ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Xi’an (The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University), Xi’an 710002, China;

Corresponding author：

Wu Songdi, Email: wusongdi@gmail.com

Keywords：

COVID-19; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Neuro-ophthalmology; Review

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210513-00252

Video：

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Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still widely prevalent around the world, leading to a major threat to the global public health. COVID-19 mainly involves the respiratory system, but extrapulmonary manifestations including that of the nervous system also exist in the setting of COVID-19. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment of the disease may easily cause when ocular, especially neuro-ophthalmological symptoms are the first symptoms in early COVID-19, as the neuroophthalmological manifestations are rarely reported. First-line clinicians need to ask about not only respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough and sore throat, but also diplopia, impaired vision, eye motion pain, abnormal gait or other neurological deficits at the first reception, as these extrapulmonary manifestations are often signs of serious infection. The neuroophthalmological manifestations and possible underlying etiology of COVID-19 were summarized in this review, hoping to provide an early identification and effective treatment of COVID-19 for clinicians. More extensive studies are needed in the future to confirm the causal relationship between COVID-19 and neuroophthalmological disease to provide a sufficient basis for a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19.

Citation： Liu Pei, Song Chensheng, Wu Songdi. Reserch progress of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2021, 37(10): 812-817. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20210513-00252 Copy

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1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus (COVID-2019) situation reports[EB/OL].https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-operational-update-on-covid-10. [2021-05-03](2021-05-13).
2. Gold DM, Galetta SL. Neuro-ophthalmologic complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J/OL]. Neurosci Lett, 2021, 742: 135531[2021-01-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33248158/. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135531.
3. Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J]. JAMA Cardiol, 2020, 5(7): 819-824. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096.
4. Tisdale AK, Chwalisz BK. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 19[J]. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 2020, 31(6): 489-494. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000707.
5. Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China[J]. Nature, 2020, 579(7798): 265-269. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3.
6. Yeo C, Kaushal S, Yeo D. Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible?[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020, 5(4): 335-337. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30048-0.
7. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study[J]. Lancet, 2020, 395(10229): 1054-1062. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.
8. Tostmann A, Bradley J, Bousema T, et al. Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020[J/OL]. Euro Surveill, 2020, 25(16): 2000508 [2020-04-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32347200/. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000508.
9. 张慧, 乔春艳, 陈长征, 等. 武汉市确诊COVID-19眼科医务人员的眼部症状调查研究[J]. 眼科, 2020, 29(5): 332-338. DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2020.05.003.Zhang H, Qiao CY, Chen CZ, et al. A survey on ocular manifestations of eye professionals diagnosed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China[J]. Ophthalmol CHN, 2020, 29(5): 332-338. DOI: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2020.05.003.
10. Wu P, Duan F, Luo C, et al. Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2020, 138(5): 575-578. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291.
11. Xia J, Tong J, Liu M, et al. Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. J Med Virol, 2020, 92(6): 589-594. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25725.
12. Chen L, Liu M, Zhang Z, et al. Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(6): 748-751. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316304.
13. 李雪杰, 汪明, 陈长征, 等. 伴发或首发病毒性结膜炎的新型冠状病毒感染下眼科医师的防控策略[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2020, 38(3): 276-280. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.0002.Li XJ, Wang M, Chen CZ, et al. Ophthalmologists’ strategy for the prevention and control of coronavirus pneumonia with conjunctivitis or with conjunctivitis as the first symptom[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 38(3): 276-280. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.0002.
14. Cheema M, Aghazadeh H, Nazarali S, et al. Keratoconjunctivitis as the initial medical presentation of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J/OL]. Can J Ophthalmol, 2020, 55(4): e125-e129[2020-08-01].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32284146/. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.03.003.
15. 叶娅, 宋艳萍, 闫明, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎合并结膜炎三例[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志, 2020, 38(3): 242-244. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.0006.Ye Y, Song YP, Yan M, et al. Novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with conjunctivitis: three cases report[J]. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol, 2020, 38(3): 242-244. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-0160.2020.0006.
16. Sim R, Cheung G, Ting D, et al. Retinal microvascular signs in COVID-19[J/OL]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2021, 2021: E1[2021-03-19]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33741583/. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318236. [published online ahead of print].
17. Wu SZ, Masurkar AV, Balcer LJ. Afferent and efferent visual markers of Alzheimer's disease: a review and update in early stage disease[J/OL]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2020, 12: 572337[2020-09-11].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33061906/. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572337.
18. Insausti-García A, Reche-Sainz JA, Ruiz-Arranz C, et al. Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: inflammation and hypercoagulable state[J/OL]. Eur J Ophthalmol, 2020, 2020: E1120672120947591[2020-07-30]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32735134/. DOI: 10.1177/1120672120947591. [publihed online ahead of print].
19. Ortiz-Seller A, Costa LM, Hernández-Pons A, et al. Ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J]. Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2020, 28(8): 1285-1289. DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1817497.
20. Luis ME, Hipolito-Fernandes D, Mota C, et al. A review of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of human cronavirus infection[J]. Eye Brain, 2020, 12: 129-137. DOI: 10.2147/EB.S268828.
21. Parvez Y, AlZarooni F, Khan F. Optic neuritis in a child with COVID-19: a rare association[J/OL]. Cureus, 2021, 13(3): e14094[2021-03-24].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33927916/. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14094.
22. François J, Collery AS, Hayek G, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019-associated ocular neuropathy with panuveitis: a case report[J]. JAMA Ophthalmol, 2021, 139(2): 247-249. DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.5695.
23. Zhou S, Jones-Lopez EC, Soneji DJ, et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis and myelitis in COVID-19[J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2020, 40(3): 398-402. DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001049.
24. Sawalha K, Adeodokun S, Kamoga GR. COVID-19-induced acute bilateral optic neuritis[J/OL]. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep, 2020, 8: 2324709620976018[2020-12-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33238757/. DOI: 10.1177/2324709620976018.
25. Novi G, Rossi T, Pedemonte E, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection[J/OL]. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2020, 7(5): e797 [2020-07-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32482781/. DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000797.
26. Palao M, Fernandez-Diaz E, Gracia-Gil J, et al. Multiple sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection[J/OL]. Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2020, 45: 102377[2020-10-01]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32698095/. DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102377.
27. Cyr DG, Vicidomini CM, Siu NY, et al. Severe bilateral vision loss in 2 patients with coronavirus disease 2019[J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2020, 40(3): 403-405. DOI: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001039.
28. Ramesh SV, Ramesh PV, Ramesh MK, et al. COVID-19-associated papilledema secondary to cerebral venous thrombosis in a young patient[J]. Indian J Ophthalmol, 2021, 69(3): 770-772. DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2660_20.
29. Verkuil LD, Liu GT, Brahma VL, et al. Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome associated with MIS-C: a case report[J/OL]. Lancet, 2020, 396(10250): 532[2020-08-22]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32795406/. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31725-6.
30. Yang A, Kern F, Losada PM, et al. Dysregulation of brain and choroid plexus cell types with COVID-19[J]. Nature, 2021, 595(7868): 565-571. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03710-0.
31. Greer CE, Bhatt JM, Oliveira CA, et al. Isolated cranial nerve 6 palsy in 6 patients with COVID-19 infection[J]. J Neuroophthalmol, 2020, 40(4): 520-522. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03710-010.1097/WNO.0000000000001146.
32. Falcone MM, Rong AJ, Salazar H, et al. Acute abducens nerve palsy in a patient with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)[J]. J AAPOS, 2020, 24(4): 216-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.06.001.
33. Gutiérrez-Ortiz C, Méndez-Guerrero A, Rodrigo-Rey S, et al. Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19[J/OL]. Neurology, 2020, 95(5): e601-e605[2020-08-04]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32303650/. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009619.
34. Pellitero SE, Ferrer-Bergua LG. Report of a patient with neurological symptoms as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Neurologia (Engl Ed), 2020, 35(4): 271-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.04.010.
35. Dinkin M, Gao V, Kahan J, et al. COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy[J]. Neurology, 2020, 95(5): 221-223. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009700.
36. Restivo DA, Centonze D, Alesina A, et al. Myasthenia gravis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2020, 173(12): 1027-1028. DOI: 10.7326/L20-0845.
37. Muhammed L, Baheerathan A, Cao M, et al. MuSK antibody-aassociated myasthenia gravis with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2021, 174(6): 872-873. DOI: 10.7326/L20-1298.
38. Assini A, Gandoglia I, Damato V, et al. Myasthenia gravis associated with anti-MuSK antibodies developed after SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2021, 28(10): 3537-3539. DOI: 10.1111/ene.14721.
39. Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2[J]. Circ Res, 2020, 126(10): 1456-1474. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317015.
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Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Reserch progress of neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019

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