Learning from the experience of collaborative research on ocular melanoma to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of uveal melanoma in China_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Wei Wenbin , Zhou Nan

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Intraocular Tumor Key Laboratory, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

Wei Wenbin, Email: tr_weiwenbin@163.com

Keywords：

Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study; Uveal melanoma; Experience summary; Diagnosis and treatment level; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230407-00155

Video：

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In the research process of uveal melanoma (UM), the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) is a landmark and outstanding clinical study. Its research conclusions are the foundation for today's UM clinical work and guidelines. COMS is the first and largest randomized clinical trials conducted to date, comparing the survival outcomes of two or more treatment regimens for primary malignant intraocular tumors with high reliability. Its research design, methods, and conclusions are still widely cited in this day. Learning from the research experience of COMS, summarizing research data based on Asian populations, and studying treatment methods suitable for Asian UM patients is a powerful supplement to COMS data, but also an expansion of this global research, further improving the level of UM diagnosis and treatment in China.

Citation： Wei Wenbin, Zhou Nan. Learning from the experience of collaborative research on ocular melanoma to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of uveal melanoma in China. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2023, 39(10): 803-809. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230407-00155 Copy

1.	Earle J, Kline RW, Robertson DM. Selection of iodine 125 for the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1987, 105(6): 763-764. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060060049030.
2.	Augsburger JJ, Eagle RC, Chiu M, et al. The effect of preenucleation radiotherapy on mitotic activity of choroidal and ciliary body melanomas[J]. Ophthalmology, 1987, 94(12): 1627-1630. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33240-3.
3.	Benediktsdóttir K, Edenholm M, Lindholm A, et al. Preoperative irradiation of malignant melanoma: a multifactorial statistical analysis of survival[J]. Acta Radiol Oncol, 1984, 23(5): 315-320. DOI: 10.3109/02841868409136027.
4.	Bornfeld N, Alberti W, Foerster MH, et al. External beam therapy of choroidal melanoma: preliminary report[J]. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 1983, 103(1): 68-71.
5.	Burch FE, Camp WF. Results of irradiation of malignant melanomas of the uveal tract[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1943, 47: 335-353.
6.	Char DH, Phillips TL. The potential for adjuvant radiotherapy in choroidal melanoma[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1982, 100(2): 247-248. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1982.01030030249002.
7.	Char DH, Phillips TL. Pre-enucleation irradiation of uveal melanoma[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1985, 69(3): 177-179. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.69.3.177.
8.	Lommatzsch P, Dietrich B. The effect of orbital irradiation on the survival rate in patients with choroidal melanoma[J]. Ophthalmologica, 1976, 173(1): 49-52. DOI: 10.1159/000307818.
9.	Sanborn GE, Ngyuen P, Gamel J, et al. Reduction of enucleation-induced metastasis in intraocular melanoma by periorbital irradiation[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1987, 105(9): 1260-1264. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060090118040.
10.	Diener-West M, Hawkins BS, Markowitz JA, et al. A review of mortality from choroidal melanoma. Ⅱ. A meta-analysis of mortality rates following enucleation, 1966 through 1988[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1992, 110(2): 245-250. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1992.01080140101036.
11.	Hawkins BS. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study randomized trial of I-125 brachytherapy[J]. Clinical Trials, 2011, 8(5): 661-673. DOI: 10.1177/1740774511419684.
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15.	Diener-West M, Earle JD, Fine SL, et al. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Ⅲ. Initial mortality findings. COMS report No. 18[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2001, 119(7): 969-982. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.7.969.
16.	Quality of life assessment in the collaborative ocular melanoma study: design and methods. COMS-QOLS Report No. 1. COMS Quality of Life Study Group[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 1999, 6(1): 5-17. DOI: 10.1076/opep.6.1.5.1565.
17.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Accuracy of diagnosis of choroidal melanomas in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 1[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1990, 108(9): 1268-1273. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1990.01070110084030.
18.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma. Ⅲ. Local complications with and without pre-enucleation radiation. COMS report No. 11[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 126(3): 362-372. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00091-9.
19.	The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma. Ⅰ. Characteristics of patients enrolled and not enrolled. COMS report No. 9[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 125(6): 767-778. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00038-5.
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21.	Moy CS, Albert DM, Diener-West M, et al. Cause-specific mortality coding: methods in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 14[J]. Control Clin Trials, 2001, 22(3): 248-262. DOI: 10.1016/s0197-2456(01)00113-1.
22.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Assessment of metastatic disease status at death in 435 patients with large choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 15[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2001, 119(5): 670-676. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.5.670.
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28.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Incidence of cataract and outcomes after cataract surgery in the first 5 years after iodine 125 brachytherapy in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: COMS report No. 27[J]. Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(7): 1363-1371. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.039.
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34.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Comparison of clinical, echographic, and histologic measurements from eyes with medium-sized choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 21[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(8): 1163-1171. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1163.
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37.	Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Trends in size and treatment of recently diagnosed choroidal melanoma, 1987-1997. Findings from patients evaluated at Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study centers. COMS report No. 20[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(8): 1156-1162. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1156.
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1. Earle J, Kline RW, Robertson DM. Selection of iodine 125 for the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1987, 105(6): 763-764. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060060049030.
2. Augsburger JJ, Eagle RC, Chiu M, et al. The effect of preenucleation radiotherapy on mitotic activity of choroidal and ciliary body melanomas[J]. Ophthalmology, 1987, 94(12): 1627-1630. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(87)33240-3.
3. Benediktsdóttir K, Edenholm M, Lindholm A, et al. Preoperative irradiation of malignant melanoma: a multifactorial statistical analysis of survival[J]. Acta Radiol Oncol, 1984, 23(5): 315-320. DOI: 10.3109/02841868409136027.
4. Bornfeld N, Alberti W, Foerster MH, et al. External beam therapy of choroidal melanoma: preliminary report[J]. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 1983, 103(1): 68-71.
5. Burch FE, Camp WF. Results of irradiation of malignant melanomas of the uveal tract[J]. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol, 1943, 47: 335-353.
6. Char DH, Phillips TL. The potential for adjuvant radiotherapy in choroidal melanoma[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1982, 100(2): 247-248. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1982.01030030249002.
7. Char DH, Phillips TL. Pre-enucleation irradiation of uveal melanoma[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 1985, 69(3): 177-179. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.69.3.177.
8. Lommatzsch P, Dietrich B. The effect of orbital irradiation on the survival rate in patients with choroidal melanoma[J]. Ophthalmologica, 1976, 173(1): 49-52. DOI: 10.1159/000307818.
9. Sanborn GE, Ngyuen P, Gamel J, et al. Reduction of enucleation-induced metastasis in intraocular melanoma by periorbital irradiation[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1987, 105(9): 1260-1264. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060090118040.
10. Diener-West M, Hawkins BS, Markowitz JA, et al. A review of mortality from choroidal melanoma. Ⅱ. A meta-analysis of mortality rates following enucleation, 1966 through 1988[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1992, 110(2): 245-250. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1992.01080140101036.
11. Hawkins BS. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study randomized trial of I-125 brachytherapy[J]. Clinical Trials, 2011, 8(5): 661-673. DOI: 10.1177/1740774511419684.
12. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Design and methods of a clinical trial for a rare condition: the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 3[J]. Control Clin Trials, 1993, 14(5): 362-391. DOI: 10.1016/0197-2456(93)90052-f.
13. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. COMS Manual of Procedures[M]. Springfield: National Technical Information Service, 1995.
14. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma. Ⅱ. Initial mortality findings. COMS report No. 10[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 125(6): 779-796. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00039-7.
15. Diener-West M, Earle JD, Fine SL, et al. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Ⅲ. Initial mortality findings. COMS report No. 18[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2001, 119(7): 969-982. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.7.969.
16. Quality of life assessment in the collaborative ocular melanoma study: design and methods. COMS-QOLS Report No. 1. COMS Quality of Life Study Group[J]. Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 1999, 6(1): 5-17. DOI: 10.1076/opep.6.1.5.1565.
17. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Accuracy of diagnosis of choroidal melanomas in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 1[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1990, 108(9): 1268-1273. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1990.01070110084030.
18. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma. Ⅲ. Local complications with and without pre-enucleation radiation. COMS report No. 11[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 126(3): 362-372. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00091-9.
19. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma. Ⅰ. Characteristics of patients enrolled and not enrolled. COMS report No. 9[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 125(6): 767-778. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00038-5.
20. Hawkins BS, Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of pre-enucleation radiation of large choroidal melanoma: Ⅳ. Ten-year mortality findings and prognostic factors. COMS report No. 24[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2004, 138(6): 936-951. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.07.006.
21. Moy CS, Albert DM, Diener-West M, et al. Cause-specific mortality coding: methods in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 14[J]. Control Clin Trials, 2001, 22(3): 248-262. DOI: 10.1016/s0197-2456(01)00113-1.
22. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Assessment of metastatic disease status at death in 435 patients with large choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 15[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2001, 119(5): 670-676. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.5.670.
23. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) Group. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Ⅴ. Twelve-year mortality rates and prognostic factors. COMS report No. 28[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2006, 124(12): 1684-1693. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.124.12.1684.
24. Diener-West M, Reynolds SM, Agugliaro DJ, et al. Development of metastatic disease after enrollment in the COMS trials of treatment of choroidal melanoma. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group report No. 26[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2005, 123(12): 1639-1643. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.123.12.1639.
25. Diener-West M, Reynolds SM, Agugliaro DJ, et al. Second primary cancers after enrollment in the COMS trials for treatment of choroidal melanoma. COMS report No. 25[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2005, 123(5): 601-604. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.123.5.601.
26. Jampol LM, Moy CS, Murray TG, et al. The COMS randomized trial of iodine 125 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma. Ⅳ. Local treatment failure and enucleation in the first 5 years after brachytherapy. COMS report No. 19[J]. Ophthalmology, 2002, 109(12): 2197-2206. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01277-0.
27. Melia BM, Abramson DH, Albert DM, et al. The Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trial of I-125 brachytherapy for medium choroidal melanoma. Ⅰ. Visual acuity after 3 years. COMS report No. 16[J]. Ophthalmology, 2001, 108(2): 348-366. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00526-1.
28. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Incidence of cataract and outcomes after cataract surgery in the first 5 years after iodine 125 brachytherapy in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: COMS report No. 27[J]. Ophthalmology, 2007, 114(7): 1363-1371. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.10.039.
29. Melia M, Moy CS, Reynolds SM, et al. Quality of life after iodine 125 brachytherapy vs enucleation for choroidal melanoma. COMS QOLS report No. 3[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2006, 124(2): 226-238. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.124.2.226.
30. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Factors predictive of growth and treatment of small choroidal melanoma. COMS report No. 5[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997, 115(12): 1537-1544. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100160707007.
31. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Mortality in patients with small choroidal melanoma. COMS report No. 4[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997, 115(7): 886-893. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100160056009.
32. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Histopathologic characteristics of uveal melanomas in eyes enucleated from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 6[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1998, 125(6): 745-766. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00040-3.
33. Marcus DM, Minkowitz JB, Wardwell SD, et al. The value of nucleolar organizer regions in uveal melanoma[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 1990, 110(5): 527-534. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77877-8.
34. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Comparison of clinical, echographic, and histologic measurements from eyes with medium-sized choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. COMS report No. 21[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(8): 1163-1171. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1163.
35. Grossniklaus HE, Albert DM, Green WR, et al. Clear cell differentiation in choroidal melanoma. COMS report No. 8. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1997, 115(7): 894-898. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100160064010.
36. Wells CG, Bradford RH, Fish GE, et al. Choroidal melanoma in American Indians. COMS Group. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 1996, 114(8): 1017-1018. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140225024.
37. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Trends in size and treatment of recently diagnosed choroidal melanoma, 1987-1997. Findings from patients evaluated at Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study centers. COMS report No. 20[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003, 121(8): 1156-1162. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.121.8.1156.
38. Diener-West M, Reynolds SM, Agugliaro DJ, et al. Screening for metastasis from choroidal melanoma: experience of the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study report No. 23[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2004, 22(12): 2438-2444. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.194.
39. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group. Ten-year follow-up of fellow eyes of patients enrolled in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) randomized trials. COMS report No. 22[J]. Ophthalmology, 2004, 111(5): 966-976. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2003.08.029.
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Learning from the experience of collaborative research on ocular melanoma to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of uveal melanoma in China

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