Retinoblastoma: key points and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment_Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases

Authors：

 Ma Jianmin , Wang Nan

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Intraocular Tumor Key Laboratory, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China;

Corresponding author：

Ma Jianmin, Email: jmma@sina.com

Keywords：

Retinoblastoma; Diagnosis; Treatment; Editorial

DOI：

10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230609-00265

Video：

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Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. In recent years, with the development of the comprehensive treatment concept based on chemical therapy and the improvement of diagnosis and treatment technology, the long-term survival rate of RB children has been greatly improved, and the treatment goal has gradually shifted from saving the lives of children to improving the quality of life of children. In large RB diagnosis and treatment centers in China, the survival rate of children is basically equivalent to that of developed countries. However, in some backward areas, RB still poses a great threat to the lives of children. Therefore, the necessary measures to improve the survival rate of children with RB and the quality of life of their families are to intensify the popularization of popular science, improve the public awareness of RB disease, improve the diagnostic efficiency, implement reasonable and standardized treatment plans, conduct genetic counseling and prenatal assessment for high-risk groups, and train professional and technical personnel.

Citation： Ma Jianmin, Wang Nan. Retinoblastoma: key points and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Chinese Journal of Ocular Fundus Diseases, 2023, 39(10): 799-802. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511434-20230609-00265 Copy

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4.	Zhou C, Wen X, Ding Y, et al. Eye-preserving therapies for advanced retinoblastoma: a multicenter cohort of 1678 patients in China[J]. Ophthalmology, 2022, 129(2): 209-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.09.002.
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6.	Oke I, Diller LR, Gonzalez E. Advanced retinoblastoma presenting with cataract in a child with limited access to primary care[J]. J Pediatr, 2022, 247: 171-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.019.
7.	首都医科大学眼部肿瘤临床诊疗与研究中心, 中华医学会放射学分会头颈学组, 中华医学会放射学分会儿科学组. 视网膜母细胞瘤影像检查与诊断及选择性眼动脉化疗专家共识[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2021, 55(5): 470-477. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112149-20201214-01306.
8.	Munier FL, Beck-Popovic M, Chantada GL, et al. Conservative management of retinoblastoma: challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”[J/OL]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2019, 73: 100764[2019-06-05]. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1350-9462(18)30073-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.005.
9.	Silvera VM, Guerin JB, Brinjikji W, et al. Retinoblastoma: what the neuroradiologist needs to know[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2021, 42(4): 618-626. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6949.
10.	Lim LS, Dalvin LA, Ancona-Lezama D, et al. Retinoblastoma vascular perfusion and intra-arterial chemotherapy cycle requirements[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 47(9): 1164-1172. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13616.
11.	Pascal J, Nohra C, Stavropoula T, et al. Pearls and pitfalls of intraarterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2012, 10(3): 175-181. DOI: 10.3171/2012.5.PEDS1277.
12.	Biewald EM, Bornfeld N, Metz KA, et al. Histopathology of retinoblastoma eyes enucleated after intra-arterial chemotherapy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(8): 1171-1175. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315209.
13.	Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Marr BP, et al. Combined, sequential intravenous and intra-arterial chemotherapy (bridge chemotherapy) for young infants with retinoblastoma[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9): e44322[2012-09-18]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23028521. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044322.
14.	Dalvin LA, Ancona-Lezama D, Lucio-Alvarez JA, et al. Ophthalmic vascular events after primary unilateral intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in early and recent eras[J]. Ophthalmology, 2018, 125(11): 1803-1811. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.013.
15.	Farhat W, Yeung V, Ross A, et al. Advances in biomaterials for the treatment of retinoblastoma[J]. Biomater Sci, 2022, 10(19): 5391-5429. DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01005d.
16.	Warda O, Naeem Z, Roelofs KA, et al. Retinoblastoma and vision[J]. Eye (Lond), 2023, 37(5): 797-808. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01845-y.
17.	梁建宏. 视网膜母细胞瘤治疗中需要考虑的要点[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2018, 43(3): 208-211. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.002.Liang JH. The main points in the treatment for retinoblastoma[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2018, 43(3): 208-211. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.002.
18.	Zhou Y, Cai S, Jin M, et al. Economic burden for retinoblastoma patients in China[J]. J Med Econ, 2020, 23(12): 1553-1557. DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1831518.
19.	Wang N, Liu R, Li J, et al. Long-term efficacy of enucleation combined with primary orbital implantation in children with retinoblastoma histopathological invasion of optic nerve[J/OL]. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 1013523[2022-10-10]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36299272. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013523.
20.	Soliman SE, Dimaras H, Khetan V, et al. Prenatal versus postnatal screening for familial retinoblastoma[J]. Ophthalmology, 2016, 123(12): 2610-2617. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.08.027.
21.	Shields CL, Bas Z, Laiton A, et al. Retinoblastoma: emerging concepts in genetics, global disease burden, chemotherapy outcomes, and psychological impact[J]. Eye (Lond), 2023, 37(5): 815-822. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01980-0.
22.	Van Dijk J, Oostrom KJ, Huisman J, et al. Restrictions in daily life after retinoblastoma from the perspective of the survivors[J]. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2010, 54(1): 110-115. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22230.
23.	Collins MLZ, Bregman J, Ford JS, et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of patients with retinoblastoma[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2019, 207: 130-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.020.

1. Finger PT, Tomar AS. Retinoblastoma outcomes: a global perspective[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2022, 10(3): e307-e308. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00598-2.
2. Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, et al. Global retinoblastoma presentation and analysis by national income level[J]. JAMA Oncol, 2020, 6(5): 685-695. DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716.
3. Global Retinoblastoma Study Group. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2022, 10(8): e1128-e1140. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00250-9.
4. Zhou C, Wen X, Ding Y, et al. Eye-preserving therapies for advanced retinoblastoma: a multicenter cohort of 1678 patients in China[J]. Ophthalmology, 2022, 129(2): 209-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.09.002.
5. Tomar AS, Finger PT, Gallie B, et al. Global retinoblastoma treatment outcomes: association with national income level[J]. Ophthalmology, 2021, 128(5): 740-753. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.09.032.
6. Oke I, Diller LR, Gonzalez E. Advanced retinoblastoma presenting with cataract in a child with limited access to primary care[J]. J Pediatr, 2022, 247: 171-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.05.019.
7. 首都医科大学眼部肿瘤临床诊疗与研究中心, 中华医学会放射学分会头颈学组, 中华医学会放射学分会儿科学组. 视网膜母细胞瘤影像检查与诊断及选择性眼动脉化疗专家共识[J]. 中华放射学杂志, 2021, 55(5): 470-477. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112149-20201214-01306.
8. Munier FL, Beck-Popovic M, Chantada GL, et al. Conservative management of retinoblastoma: challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”[J/OL]. Prog Retin Eye Res, 2019, 73: 100764[2019-06-05]. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1350-9462(18)30073-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.005.
9. Silvera VM, Guerin JB, Brinjikji W, et al. Retinoblastoma: what the neuroradiologist needs to know[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2021, 42(4): 618-626. DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6949.
10. Lim LS, Dalvin LA, Ancona-Lezama D, et al. Retinoblastoma vascular perfusion and intra-arterial chemotherapy cycle requirements[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2019, 47(9): 1164-1172. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13616.
11. Pascal J, Nohra C, Stavropoula T, et al. Pearls and pitfalls of intraarterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma[J]. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2012, 10(3): 175-181. DOI: 10.3171/2012.5.PEDS1277.
12. Biewald EM, Bornfeld N, Metz KA, et al. Histopathology of retinoblastoma eyes enucleated after intra-arterial chemotherapy[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2020, 104(8): 1171-1175. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315209.
13. Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Marr BP, et al. Combined, sequential intravenous and intra-arterial chemotherapy (bridge chemotherapy) for young infants with retinoblastoma[J/OL]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(9): e44322[2012-09-18]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/23028521. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044322.
14. Dalvin LA, Ancona-Lezama D, Lucio-Alvarez JA, et al. Ophthalmic vascular events after primary unilateral intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in early and recent eras[J]. Ophthalmology, 2018, 125(11): 1803-1811. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.05.013.
15. Farhat W, Yeung V, Ross A, et al. Advances in biomaterials for the treatment of retinoblastoma[J]. Biomater Sci, 2022, 10(19): 5391-5429. DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01005d.
16. Warda O, Naeem Z, Roelofs KA, et al. Retinoblastoma and vision[J]. Eye (Lond), 2023, 37(5): 797-808. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01845-y.
17. 梁建宏. 视网膜母细胞瘤治疗中需要考虑的要点[J]. 中华眼底病杂志, 2018, 43(3): 208-211. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.002.Liang JH. The main points in the treatment for retinoblastoma[J]. Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2018, 43(3): 208-211. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1005-1015.2018.03.002.
18. Zhou Y, Cai S, Jin M, et al. Economic burden for retinoblastoma patients in China[J]. J Med Econ, 2020, 23(12): 1553-1557. DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1831518.
19. Wang N, Liu R, Li J, et al. Long-term efficacy of enucleation combined with primary orbital implantation in children with retinoblastoma histopathological invasion of optic nerve[J/OL]. Front Neurol, 2022, 13: 1013523[2022-10-10]. https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36299272. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013523.
20. Soliman SE, Dimaras H, Khetan V, et al. Prenatal versus postnatal screening for familial retinoblastoma[J]. Ophthalmology, 2016, 123(12): 2610-2617. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.08.027.
21. Shields CL, Bas Z, Laiton A, et al. Retinoblastoma: emerging concepts in genetics, global disease burden, chemotherapy outcomes, and psychological impact[J]. Eye (Lond), 2023, 37(5): 815-822. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01980-0.
22. Van Dijk J, Oostrom KJ, Huisman J, et al. Restrictions in daily life after retinoblastoma from the perspective of the survivors[J]. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2010, 54(1): 110-115. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22230.
23. Collins MLZ, Bregman J, Ford JS, et al. Depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of patients with retinoblastoma[J]. Am J Ophthalmol, 2019, 207: 130-143. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.020.

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